Organic solar cell

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ORGANIC SOLAR CELL

Bilayer organic photovoltaic cell

Bulk-Heterojunction photovoltaic cell

Nanoparticle morphology

Solar cell where the photoactive layer is composed of donor and acceptor semiconducting organic materials that absorb sunlight to generate photocurrent through forming an exciton

Focusing on formation and deposition of the active layer

ACTIVE LAYER

DONOR

ACCEPTOR

Conjugated polymer possessing delocalized

Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)

The most used and studied (the molecular weight of P3HT affect on efficiency of charge mobility)

Fullerene based materials: the LUMO orbital of these materials is able to accept thetransferred from the exciton formed in the polymer

PCBM[6,6]-Phenyl C61or C71butyric acid methyl ester

ICBAIndene C60bisadduct

Better mobility through P3HT NPs

The synthesis of active material should follow these crucial point:Using eco-compatible solvents

Obtain a large area of contact between Donor and Acceptor

Avoid the defects of thin films (i.e. dewetting phenomena)

Avoid gross phase separation upon annealing leading to formation of near pure Donor and Acceptor domains

Obtain a solution with pysico-chemical properties suitable for Roll-to-Roll deposition method

NP-OPV

Roll-to-Roll deposition method

SYNTHESIS METHOD OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE

Miniemulsion method

Advantages:Using water as solvents

Low concentration of surfactant

Core-shell structure

Stability on time of the NPs solution (months)

Scalable process

Drawbacks:Difficulty in the complete removal of surfactant

Gross phase separation

Domains of near-pure PCBM and P3HT

Surfactant-free precipitation method

P3HT:ICBACHC

Ultrasonic bath

Me(OH) or Et(OH)

Magnetic stirring

Precipitation of NPs and evaporation of CHC

Advantages:Surfactant-free process

Fully blended NPs

Gross phase separation does not occur

Scalable process

Drawbacks:Low control on size

Using of organic solvent

Low concentration of the solution

Low stability of NPs solution during the time (aggregation after few hours)

Nanoprecipitation method(solvent displacement procedure)

Advantages:Surfactant-free process

Scalable process

Drawbacks:Low control on size

Formation of PCBM-based NPs leading to aggregation

Donor materials improvement

Studying on effect of difference molecular weight of the P3HT polymer:

Morphological changes resulting from thermal annealing are highly dependent upon the Mw of P3HT:High Mw of polymer leads to a better diffusion of molecular PCBM

Mw of the polymer affect the elctronic and compositional structure of the NP films:PCBM mobility drive the composition of the domain that is correlated with the device performance

Acceptor materials improvement

NPOPV fabricated from P3HT:ICBA blends exhibit the highest PCE (4%) reported for NPOPV cells

ICBA is miscible in P3HT at all weight fraction:This enhanced miscibility of ICBA in P3HT results in a more efficient intermixed structure leading to an improved performance of the annealed P3HT:ICBA NPOPV devices

As spun

Dried

Annealed

Core and shell ICBA fractional compositon

ICBA migrate from the core to the shell during drying step, after annealing P3HT and ICBA merge together and the core-shell structure is lost

IMPROVING LIGHT ABSORPTION

The main drawback ofOPVis the limitation of exciton diffusion lenght and the poor charge transport property. Moreover, the difficulty of increasing the active layer thickness leads to insufficent absorption of incident light.

Incorporation in the active layer or deposition onto ITO electrode of metal nanoparticles to use the surface plasmon `properties

Plasmonic enhancement can be used for the enhancement of the light absorption and photocurrent of OSCs

MNPs introduced into PEDOT:PSS

In situmeans of preparing stabilized Au or Ag NPs by reduction in aqueous PEDOT:PSS media

CONCLUSIONS

NPOPV represent a promising new solar devices:Devices efficiency having incresed from 0.004% to 4% in less than 5 years

Low cost of the starting materials and the production process

Elimination of the need for volatile flammable solvents in device production through water-based NPOPV coatings

Water-based solar paint offers the prospect of printing large area OPV devices using existing printing facility

Next stage devolpment involve:Understanding the mechanism NP structure and NP film morphology

How to controll and optimise these aspect

NPs behave completely differently from polymer blends spun from organic solvents, NPs are a completely new material system, so that the old rules for OPV devices fabrication are no longer applicable.

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Organic solar cell

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