Organic Molecules Carbon = building block of organic molecules Carbon is unique – Unstable: 2 nd...
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Transcript of Organic Molecules Carbon = building block of organic molecules Carbon is unique – Unstable: 2 nd...
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
1
2
3
4
1
2
6 protons6 electrons
Organic Molecules• Carbon = building block of
organic molecules• Carbon is unique
– Unstable: 2nd level not full– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked monomers– Ex: Protein
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
monomer
Polymer
Is Carbon stable with 4 electrons in its outer layer?
Is Hydrogen stable with 1 electron in its layer?
So what do atoms do when they are unstable?
Problem: Drawing dot diagrams is time consuming. Try this instead!
1 dash = 2 electrons
The Same Thing…
1 dash = 2 electrons
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Double bonds
Triple bonds
Ring structures
Single bonds
Very complex
How many electrons? How many
electrons?
How many electrons?
How many electrons?
How many electrons?
1 Dash = 2 electrons
Carbohydrates• Readily available food source• C1: H2: O1 ratio
– Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6
• Monomer: Monosaccharides– Simple sugars– Bond to form larger sugars
• Polymer: Polysaccharide– Complex sugars
Glucose(monosaccharide)
Fructose(monosaccharide)
Sucrose
(Polysaccharide)
Opposite Reactions
• Dehydration synthesis– Water molecule (H2O) removed– Causes monomers to bond into polymers (large molecules built)
Monomer 1 Monomer 2 Polysaccharide
water
Opposite Reactions
• Dehydration synthesis– Water molecule (H2O) removed– Causes monomers to bond into polymers (large molecules built)
• Hydrolysis– Water molecule (H2O) added– Causes polymers to break into monomers (large molecule broken
apart)• All organic molecules built/reduced by these reactions
Polysaccharide Water Monomer 1 Monomer 2
Opposite Reactions
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides• Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored• Ex: Glycogen: animal starch stored in liver & muscles• Ex: Cellulose: used in plants to make cell walls
glucose glucose glucose glucose
glucose
Chapter 2 Free Response Test Question
Version A: Diagram the process of hydrolysis using a sugar as an example. Be sure to indicate the following:
a. Original moleculesb. End moleculesc. Label all parts, including the bond atoms
Version B: Diagram the process of dehydration synthesis using a sugar as an example. Be sure to indicate the following:
a. Original moleculesb. End moleculesc. Label all parts, including the bond atoms
Kobe Kuiz1) How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy
level? 2nd energy level?2) Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used
as energy for cells?3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen
and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain?4) What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?5) What are the polymers of carbohydrates called?6) How does dehydration and hydrolysis differ?7) Which polymer is stored by animals?8) Which polymer is stored by plants?