Organ Systems

A quick bite to eat! How many systems are involved in eating?

The Digestive SystemHow much do you already know? Use props to assemble a digestive system

How much do you already know?

A – MouthB – EsophagusC – StomachD – Small intestineE – Large intestine

The function of the digestive system:

the physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules that can be absorbed from the digestive tract

The Digestive Tract

In most animals, the digestive tract is one long tube with openings at either end

The Whole Digestive Tract

lined with epithelial tissue containing goblet cells that produce mucous

Epithelial tissue with goblet cells

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue

The Whole Digestive TractMucous helps

1) protects digestive tract from digestive enzymes

2) Lubricate for smooth passage of materials

Epithelial tissue with goblet cells

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue

1. Digestion – The mouth

Mouth: food is chewed and swallowed. Causes mechanical (physical) breakdown of

food.

1. Digestion – The mouthEnzymes, (from the salivary glands), start the

chemical breakdown of starch and other sugars into simpler compounds.

Amylase: the enzyme in the mouth that helps us break down starch and complex carbohydrates

2. Digestion - The EsophagusPassageway that moves food to the stomach

by peristalsis

2. Digestion - The EsophagusPeristalsis – wave-like contractions of the

smooth (involuntary) muscles

3. Digestion – The Stomach

Smooth Muscle tissue allows churning of the food forfurther physical and chemical breakdown of food

3. Digestion – The stomach Epithelial tissue in

lining secretes enzymes and acids for chemical breakdown of food

Epithelial tissue and enzyme producing cells

4. Digestion – The Small IntestineMore digestive juices added to further

break down food into smaller nutrients

4. Digestion – The Small Intestine

Villi -(Finger-like projections) increase the surface area of the small intestine lining.

4. Digestion – The Small Intestine

Small nutrient molecules are absorbed by the villi into the blood stream

5. Digestion – Large IntestineWater from food is reabsorbed into

the body for recyclingSolidified indigestible waste is

pushed through and expelled

Accessory OrgansThe gall bladder, liver & pancreas supply

digestive tract with further enzymes and bile to aid chemical breakdown.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=a+journey+inside+the+digestive+tract&view=detail&mid=7B5AB64F1025B0EB75C57B5AB64F1025B0EB75C5&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

The Circulatory System

Functions as a “courier system”

Delivers to body cells nutrients and oxygen (O2)

Picks up for disposal carbon dioxide (CO2) and other wastes

Circulatory SystemIs made up of 3 main parts:

- The Blood- The Heart- The Blood Vessels

Structure FunctionRed Blood Cells

Contain hemoglobin

Carry oxygen

White Blood Cells

Contain a nucleus

Destroy bacteria and viruses

Platelets Tiny pieces of cells

Help with blood clotting

Plasma Protein rich liquid

Fluid enables blood flow

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

The Heart

- Contains cardiac muscle tissue allowing each part of the heart to contract simultaneously

The HeartThe heart must pumps at a regular beat in

order to carry blood to all body tissues. The heart rate varies depending on:

physical activitystresstemperaturegeneral health.

Three types of Blood VesselsArteries – carry blood away

from the heart. Thick walls to

withstand higher blood pressure

Contain oxygen-rich blood

Three types of Blood Vessels

Veins – carry blood towards

the heart. Thin walls (further

from heart - lower blood pressure)

Three types of Blood Vessels

Capillaries – tiny vessels within all

body tissues Thin walls allow

diffusion for exchange of substances with body tissue.

The Heart- pathway of blood flow through the heart

Deoxygenated blood from rest of body to right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lung where blood picks up O2 left atrium via pulmonary veins left ventricle oxygenated blood left heart via aorta to rest of the body

Blood from upper body

Blood from lower body https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyM

This colour-enhanced, freeze-fracture scanning electron micrograph shows a blood vessel that has grown into a melanoma. Numerous red blood cells and three white blood cells can be seen within the blood vessel.

The Endhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=PgI80Ue-AMohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SfRgg9botI

Reserved for next class

Try it yourself1. Label AD in the diagram below. 2. Which kind of blood

(deoxygenated/oxygenated?) that entering:

a. superior vena cavab. pulmonary veinc. pulmonary arteryd. aorta

3. Where does the blood come from before entering the superior vena cava?

4. Where does the blood come from before entering the inferior vena cava?

5. Where does the blood go to after leaving the pulmonary artery?

6. The part receives blood from lung is:a. left ventricle c. left atriumb. right atrium d. right atrium