Org. Beh. (Seema Ma'm New)

UNIT 1. Introduction to Organizational Behaviour

1. An organization is considered to be a group of ______or more people, who consciously contribute their efforts towards the achievements of certain goals.

a. two

b. three

c. four

d. five

2. Who defined organization as, “a social unit which is deliberately constructed and reconstructed to seek specific goals.”?

a. Talcott Parsons

b. Henry Mintzberg

c. Elton Mayo

d. Henry Fayol

3. To run the organization effectively, managers need to learn first how to communicate ________ and ________ with individuals and groups.

a. formally; informally

b. formally; verbally

c. informally; non-verbally

d. informally: non-verbally

4. OB stresses upon creating a ________ climate comprising harmonious inter-person relations, hygienic working conditions, fair and adequate compensation, better and safe equipment for performing the job, effective leadership, employees’ participation, etc.

a. cold

b. hot

c. healthy

d. unhealthy

5. OB guides managers on how to cope with human ________ by adopting different techniques for timely and smooth introduction of change.

a. cooperation

b. strength

c. intelligence

d. resistance

6. ________ is the power and the right to take certain decisions, to punish or reward the employees, giving directions to others.

a. responsibility

b. accountability

c. authority

d. morality

7. Organizations can also be structured as rigid, _________ systems (mechanistic) or as loose, flexible systems (organic).

a. centralized

b. decentralized

c. standardized

d. mechanized

8. What are the three important activities to be performed by managers under interpersonal role?

a. figurehead; leader; liaison

b. monitor; disseminator; spokesperson

c. entrepreneur; disturbance handler; negotiator

d. liaison; disseminator; negotiator

9. What are the three important roles to be performed by individuals under informational roles?

a. entrepreneur; disturbance handler; negotiator

b. figurehead; liaison; leader

c. monitor; disseminator; spokesperson

d. monitor; entrepreneur; leader

10. ________, the father of Scientific Management, through his research and observations, devised a new theory on scientific principle.

a. F.W. Taylor

b. Henry Fayol

c. Elton Mayo

d. Henry Mintzberg

11. Who identified and carried out some experiments to analyse the importance of human relations at work, in 1924?

a. F.W. Taylor

b. Henry Fayol

c. Elton Mayo

d. Henry Mintzberg

12. _________ is one of the challenges for OB.

a. Liberalization

b. Standardization

c. Modernization

d. Globalization

13. One of the main personality traits to be possessed by the _________ managers is to have the sensitivity to understand the individual differences among people and exhibit tolerance to it.

a. expatriate

b. marketing

c. sales

d. finance

14. The major challenge for managers is to stimulate _________ creativity and tolerance for change.

a. employer

b. organizational

c. individual

d. employee

15. The study of Organizational Behaviour can be categorized into Micro and Macro OB. Micro OB deals with individuals and groups, whereas Macro OB deals with the ______ at large.

a. organization

b. environment

c. job

d. location

16. OB is a useful tool for understanding human behaviour, that can be studied at the ______ , group or organizational level.

a. animalb. individualc. employeed. bird

17. The organizational behaviour help an individual to understand himself as well as others better. This also improves interpersonal relations among all levels of ______.

a. employersb. employeesc. workersd. labourers

18. The task of a manager is to get the work done through ______ by inspiring them to achieve organizational goals.

a. superiorsb. foreignersc. subordinatesd. friends

19. Good communication can lead to wonders in the organization, whereas poor communication can create ______.

a. blundersb. thundersc. surprisesd. events

20. Effective organizational ______ covers a broader view rather than focusing on narrow aspects.

a. climateb. stylec. behaviord. manner

21. OB strives to maintain ______ inter-personal relationships. a. conflictingb. harmoniousc. unpleasantd. bad

22. OB provides directions to managers as to how to deal with employee ______ in different situations.

a. decisionb. problemsc. stressd. behaviour

23. OB helps managers to understand the different motives of different individuals and the ways to ______ them.

a. teachb. controlc. adviced. reward

24. ______ is the law of nature and is inevitable.a. Changeb. Communicationc. Eatingd. Living

25. Dealing with human ______ is the toughest and the most challenging task of a manager. a. changeb. resistancec. persistenced. anger

26. The key elements or determinants of OB are ______ , structure, technology and the external environment in which the organization operates.

a. peopleb. animalc. birdd. insect

27. People use ______ to produce the required goods and services. In addition, these elements influence and equally get influenced by the external environment.

a. peopleb. technologyc. handsd. brains

28. ______ make up the internal environment of the organization. They work as individuals or in groups.

a. Peopleb. Animalc. Birdd. Insect

29.______ defines the formal relationships of people within organizations. The jobs are assigned to individuals according to their expertise and specialization.

a. Peopleb. Structurec. Environmentd. technology

30. ______ is the power and right to take certain decisions, to punish or reward the employees, giving directions to others. The higher the position in hierarchy, the greater is the authority.

a. Authorityb. Responsibilityc. Accountabilityd. Reliability

31. Division of Labor refers to the distribution and assignment of responsibilities to different members of the organization as per that of the ______ structure.

a. legalb. socialc. economicd. financial

32. Span of ______ is the extent to which a superior is able to supervise maximum number of subordinates efficiently and effectively.

a. superviseb. advicec. administerd. control

33.______ refers to the number of specialties or expertise in the work performed by individuals within the organization.

a. Divisionb. Specializationc. Globalizationd. generalization

34.______ refers to the extent to which rules, procedures, policies, norms and communications are written down for the ease of employees.

a. Formalizationb. Specializationc. Globalizationd. generalization

35. ______ is the degree to which the decision making authority is concentrated at the top level.

a. Formalizationb. Centralizationc. Globalizationd. Generalization

36. Organizations can also be structured as rigid, standardized systems (mechanistic) or as loose, flexible systems (organic). Thus, the ______ of the organizations can range from high rigidity to high flexibility.

a. structureb. stylec. designd. shape

37. Managers under interpersonal role as ______ symbolizes social, inspirational, legal and ceremonial obligations to be fulfilled by managers. Here, the manager is seen as an icon of status and authority.

a. figureheadb. leaderc. liaisond. negotiator

38. Managers under interpersonal role as a ______ is one who can protect the organization during crisis time.


39. Managers under interpersonal role as ______ acts as a network that gathers the information, exchanges it with others and develops its knowledge base.


40. State true or false:1. Psychology is the study of human race and culture.2. Anthropology is is the science or study of individual human behaviour

a. 1.T 2.Tb. 1.T 2.Fc. 1.F 2.Td. 1.F 2.F

UNIT 2. Introduction to Organizational Design

1. Organization design refers to the construction or change of a ________ within which the work of the organization takes place.

a. strategy

b. process

c. method

d. structure

2. Managers and all the members work together to describe the needs of the organization and then create such ________ that meet those specified needs most effectively.

a. structures

b. designs

c. processes

d. systems

3. ________ systems administer the organization through guidelines, rules and regulations, procedures and policies.

a. Internal systems

b. External systems

c. Organizational systems

d. Administrative systems

4. The ________ dimension shows the differentiation of jobs resulting into different departments whereas; the ________ dimension depicts the relationships between authority and responsibility across all the levels in a hierarchical manner right from ________ to ________.

a. horizontal; vertical; top; bottom

b. vertical; horizontal; top; bottom

c. horizontal; vertical; bottom; top

d. vertical; horizontal; bottom; top

6. Line organization stresses more on command and control whereas, functional system emphasizes upon ________ of authority.

a. centralization

b. decentralization

c. specialization

d. generalization

7. Which staff supports the top management people in performing their day to day tasks, such as, clerks, attenders, peons etc.?

a. personal staff

b. specialized staff

c. general staff

d. senior staff

8. Unbroken line of authority and responsibility establishes the pattern of________ in every organization.

a. hierarchy

b. division

c. unity

d. chain

9. F.W. Taylor has introduced the concept of ________ in his scientific management theories.

a. generalization

b. liberalization

c. segregation

d. specialization

10. ________ of command means that a subordinate has to be responsible to one senior only.

a. Unity

b. Division

c. Order

d. Implementation

11. Span of ________ refers to the maximum number of employees that can be supervised efficiently and effectively by a senior.

a. plan

b. direction

c. coordination

d. control

12. _________ refers to the degree to which authority is concentrated at one position i.e. the top position.

a. Decentralization

b. Specialization

c. Generalization

d. Centralization

13. In ________ the authority is distributed and passed on to other levels of the organization.

a. decentralization

b. specialization

c. generalization

d. centralization

14. What is the most common form of Departmentation?

a. Departmentation by time

b. Departmentation by customers

c. Departmentation by process

d. Departmentation by function

15.________ organization is a combination of functional and project organization.

a. Matrix

b. Virtual

c. Dysfunctional

d. Boundaryless

16. Organization design begins with the formulation of a strategy (strategies are the plan of actions that are implemented to bridge up the gap between the present state and the desired future state).

a. an equation

b. a strategy

c. a structure

d. a system

17. The ______ is derived from clear, concise statements of vision, mission and from the organization’s basic philosophy.

a. equation

b. strategy

c. structure

d. system

18. Strategy unites the aim of the organization and actions of the members to accomplish desired ______.

a. outcomes

b. incomes

c. outputs

d. inputs

19. It is the ______ that encourages those actions that support the purpose of the organization and discourages those that do not.

a. strategy

b. system

c. structure

d. strength

20. Creating a strategy is the task of ______ , not organizing.

a. planning

b. directing

c. controlling

d. monitoring

21. We also have to connect people with the information and technology necessary for them to become ______.

a. depressed

b. unsuccessful

c. successful

d. untrustworthy

22. Organization structure defines the formal relationships among people and specifies both their authorities and ______ .

a. responsibilities

b. accountabilities

c. capabilities

d. abilities

23. Administrative ______ administer the organization through guidelines, rules and regulations, procedures and policies.

a. structures

b. systems

c. decisions

d. problems

24. Information and technology define the ______ through which members achieve their outcomes.

a. people

b. technology

c. processes

d. strategies

25. According to ______ , ‘organization is a structural relationship by which an enterprise is bound together and the framework in which individual effort is coordinated’.

a. Koontz and O’Donnell

b. Henry Fayol

c. J.M. Lundy

d. F.W. Taylor

26.______ is an important concept as it depicts the creation and linkage between other components of the organization. It is also known as the ‘chain of command’.

a. Controlb. Hierarchyc. Authorityd. Responsibility

27. ______ has introduced the concept of specialization in his scientific management theories. a. F.W. Taylorb. Henry Fayolc. J.M. Lundyd. Koontz and O’Donell

28. ’no man can serve two masters alone’, ______ ______ borrowed this idea from Bible and implemented in his principles of administrative management.

a. F.W. Taylorb. Henry Fayolc. J.M. Lundyd. Koontz and O’Donell

29. ______ comes to an individual by virtue of his position and role played. a. Controlb. Authorityc. Responsibility

d. Accountability30.______ is the obligation of a subordinate towards his seniors to fulfill their orders.

a. Responsibilityb. Authorityc. Accountabilityd. Capability

31. In a ______ span of control, there is a smaller number of subordinates to be supervised by a senior and hence, due to a smaller number of subordinates the number of levels in the organization gets increased.

a. wideb. narrowc. broadd. tiny

32. Where there is a larger number of subordinates being directed by a senior, there will be few layers in the organization and will shape it as a ______ or flat organization.

a. wideb. narrowc. larged. small

33. Departmentation by ______ or service type of categorization takes place in large business units that are engaged in the process of manufacturing a number of unrelated products or services.

a. customersb. processc. timed. product

34. Departmentation by ______ or territory type of departmentation is done where the organization has dispersed its various business units across the country.

a. regionb. customersc. timed. process

35. Departmentation by ______ type of method is adopted when an organization caters to the different needs of its customers.


36. Departmentation by time method the organizations who work for 24 hours round the clock, segregate their activities on the basis of time. Their employees work on shift basis.


37. ______ organization is oriented towards completing a big project or a number of small projects. Such projects are carried out by a team that comprises individuals who are experts from different fields and belong to different areas.

a. Projectb. Matrixc. Virtuald. Boundaryless

38. State true or false:1. The staff is usually of three types 1) Personal staff 2) Specialized staff 3) General staff.2. Line organization stresses more on command and control whereas, functional system emphasizes upon decentralization of authority.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Td.1.F 2.F

39. State true or false:1. One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the capacity of the senior to direct more number of subordinates.2. . One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the capacity of subordinates to do the tasks themselves.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

40. State true or false:1. One of the few factors the span of direction is dependent on is the capacity of size of the organization.2. One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the nature of work.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

UNIT 3. Introduction to Interpersonal behaviour.

1. ________ behavior is how “two persons” interact in any situation.

a. Intrapersonal

b. Interpersonal

c. Individual

d. Organizational

2. An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people for temporary/short-term/long-term or permanent durations that may be based on love, affection, harmony, regular business interactions, or some type of ________ commitment.

a. technical

b. cultural

c. organizational

d. social

3. George Levinger has proposed a model of relationship development that consists of two stages, of which two are:-

a. Acquaintance; Buildup

b. Acquaintance; Uniqueness

c. Continuation; Mastery

d. Uniqueness; Mastery

4. Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory developed by ________ in the 1950s.

a. Dr. Eric Berne

b. George Levinger

c. Henry Fayol

d. Joseph Luft

5. The ________ Analysis is the analysis of social interactions between people and used to understand interpersonal relationships.

a. Social

b. Personal

c. Transactional

d. Individual

6. Every individual holds three ego states- Parent ego-state, Child ego-state, ________ ego-state.

a. Individual

b. Employee

c. Employer

d. Adult

7. In an ________ transaction, the communication has a two-fold meaning.

a. Complementary

b. Non-complementary

c. Ulterior

d. Gallows

8. ________ transaction happens when a person smiles or laughs in response to other persons misfortune.

a. Gallows

b. Complementary

c. Non-complementary

d. Ulterior

9. Transactional analysis helps to evaluate our ________ and weakness in the form of ego states we practice in different situations.

a. opportunities

b. threats

c. strengths

d. skills

10. Transactional Analysis is an important technique used to train the executives for:-

a) ________ _______ ________ ________.

b) Improving interpersonal relationships and self-understanding

c) Coping with organizational problems

d) Dealing with other people more judiciously.

a. Enhancing their litigation skills.

b. Enhancing their motivation skills.

c. Enhancing their listening skills.

d. Enhancing their communication skills.

11. The Johari Window model was devised by American psychologists ________ Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, while researching group dynamics at the University of California Los Angeles.

a. Peter

b. John

c. Tom

d. Joseph

12. The Johari Window comprises four quadrants which represent an individual’s personal awareness across four different stages- open, hidden, blind, and ________.

a. known

b. unknown

c. shut

d. glass

13. ______ refers to the conscious understanding of one‟s personality, desires, habits, likes and dislikes.

a. self-respect

b.self-awareness

c. self-esteem

d. self-care

14. ______ – refers to people who exist in this lowest level of self, never take any initiative. They only become active when their survival is threatened by any external element.

a. reactive

b.proactivec. actived. passive

15. ______–is when individuals start recognizing their ambitions. They try to explore and express their individuality by working out their plans.

a. uniquenessb. reactivec. proactived. active

16. ______ is when many individuals have the will to stay and continue in the set course of direction. They move towards their targets with a disciplined approach and never get sidetracked by the false belief that others show to them.

a.uniquenessb.reactivec.actived. discipline

17. ______ the last stage of self-awareness is where one attains the level of mastery. Because by this time, people train themselves to handle any challenges ahead. They are able to exercise self-control over their thoughts and are sure of their future targets.

a. Mastery

b. Service

c. Discipline

d. Uniqueness

18. Every individual holds three ego states-______ ego-state, Adult ego-state and Child ego-state.

a. Parent

b. Boss

c. Leader

d. Superior

19. An ______-state is a pattern of behaviour that a person develops as he or she grows up, based on his or her accumulated network of feelings and experiences.

a. parent

b. ego

c. child

d. adult

20. ______-Ego-State is the state which is marked by being judgemental, making rules, insisting on moral and ethics and laying down the values to be followed.

a. Parentb. Childc. Adultd. Boss

21. ______ is done by providing support, for example, when we are not able to take the right decision regarding any problem then our parents help us in doing so.

a. Nuturingb. Regulatingc. Adaptingd. Rebelling

22. ______ is done by providing instructions in detail about what should be done and how. a. Nuturingb. Regulatingc. Adaptingd. Rebelling

23. Adult Ego State - in this stage people are logical and rational in behaviour. a.Adultb.Childc.Parentd. Boss

24. In ______ Ego State – in this state people behave, feel and think similarly to how they did during their childhood times. Individuals in this state are emotional, creative, spontaneous, effortless and restless in nature.

a.Adultb.Childc.Parentd. Boss

25. Natural child is one who is very curious and fun loving.a. Naturalb. Adoptedc. Adaptedd. Rebellious

26. Rebellious child is one who revolts against others.a. Naturalb. Adoptedc. Adaptedd. Rebellious

27. ______ child who is entirely under the influence of the Parent. a. Naturalb. Adoptedc. Adaptedd. Rebellious

28. A ______ starts with a person initiating the communication process and sending stimuli towards the receiver.

a. transactionb. actionc. reactiond. interaction

29. In a ______ transaction, the message sent by a person receives the expected response from other person, and the pattern of behaviour between the ego states is also parallel.

a. complementaryb. supplementaryc. Ulteriord. Gallows

30. ______ Transactions – also known as crossed transactions occur when the stimulus and response is not parallel.

a. Non-complementaryb. supplementaryc. Ulteriord. Gallows

31. In an ______ transaction, the communication has a two-fold meaning. At the basic level, there is a very clear message but at the psychological level there is a hidden message.

a. ulteriorb. Gallowsc. supplementaryd. complementary

32. In a Johari Window the "______" area represents things that we know about ourselves, and others know about us as well.

a. closedb. openc. hiddend. unknown

33. In a Johari Window the Blind Area, or "Blind Spot"ie. the "______" quadrant reveals those things that others know about us, but to which we are unaware of.

a.blindb.openc.hiddend.unknown

34. In a Johari Window the "______" quadrant represents those behavioural patterns that we know about ourselves but others do not know.


35. In a Johari Window the "______" quadrant reveals a variety of issues that are close to the surface level such as information, feelings, latent abilities, aptitudes, and experiences etc, or deeper aspects of a person‟s personality that influence his/her behaviour to a large extent and to various degrees.


36. State true or false:1. One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA helps in improving relationships by giving fresh insights into one‟s own behaviour. 2. One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA as a manager, you can make out what causes crossed transactions and can restore the complementary transactions.

a.1.T 2.T

b.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

37. State true or false:1.One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA helps to evaluate our own strength and weakness in the form of ego states we practise in different situations. 2. One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA is that through TA we cannot try to minimise the conflicts by understanding other persons‟ ego states as well as their behavioural patterns.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

38.State true or false:1. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for enhancing their communication skills.2. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for improving interpersonal relationships and self-understanding.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

39. State true or false:1. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for coping with organizational problems.2.Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives dealing with other people more judiciously.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

40. State true or false:1.Johari Window can be used to assess and improve a group's relationship with others. 2.Johari Window can be used to build trust between individuals by disclosing and providing feedback.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

UNIT 4. Learning

1. We are living in a world that is ever ________ .

a. managing

b. collaborating

c. continuing

d. changing

2. Learning is defined as a relatively ________ change in behavior.

a. permanent

b. temporary

c. short-term

d. long-term

3. Effective learning also fosters _________ and innovation.

a. efficiency

b. productivity

c. creativity

d. affinity

4. ________ have identified that infants, children, adolescents and adults learn in different manners.

a. physicians

b. psychologists

c. teachers

d. biologists

5. ________ learning helps the organization to remain innovative and maintain an edge over its competitors.

a. Continuous

b. Discontinuous

c. Productive

d. Gradual

6. ________ are not merely promotions, but could be more work oriented such as helping in completing a major task on time, finding solutions to complex problems, or helping to provide better lives to others.

a. accomplishments

b. achievements

c. advertisements

d. rewards

7. A vibrant ________ organization is an asset of the nation and a hope for humanity.

a. learning

b. teaching

c. listening

d. motivating

8. Learning comprises of four broad components:-

A) ________ ________

B) Learning Mechanism

C) Teacher/Trainer

D) ________

a. Listener; Learner

b. Teacher; Learner

c. Learning Atmosphere; Learner

d. Listener; Teacher

9. Learning leadership would be useless in an organization where the ________ is in shambles.

a. leadership

b. entrepreneurship

c. friendship

d. relationship

10. ________ can also be brought in through healthy competition and the right amount of cooperation.

a. Challenge

b. Opportunities

c. Threats

d. Efficiency

11. ________ is the most motivating factor and therefore a learning atmosphere should ensure gradual and periodic success.

a. Success

b. Learning

c. Teaching

d. Training

13. The more we practice the better ________ we have.

a. skills

b. knowledge

c. intelligence

b. quality

14. A ________ helps us to know what we have learnt, how much we have learnt, which are the areas we have not understood, which topics we have not practiced well and so on.

a. test

b. class

c. laboratory

d. race

15. A good teacher has following traits:

A) Competence

B) Style

C) ________

D) Values

a. Need

b. Want

c. Desire

d. Requirement

16. ________ ________ demonstrated that people learn or unlearn behaviours even by watching others being rewarded or punished for a particular behaviour.

a. M.L. Bigge

b. Pavlov

c. B.F. Skinner

d. Albert Bandura

17. ________ learning is built around what happens within the individual while learning and it investigates the motives, feelings, attitudes, memory and cognition of the learner.

a. Cognitive

b. Behavioral

c. Programmed

d. Social

18. Learning is also defined as the process of acquiring, assimilating, and internalizing cognitive, motor, or behavioural inputs for their effective and varied use when required, leading to an enhanced capability for further self-______ learning.

a. monitored

b. tutored

c. controlled

d. motivated

19. Learning begins with acquiring new ______ in the form of information, knowledge, behaviour or motor activity.

a. inputsb. outputsc. skilld. activity

20. Assimilation helps in retaining the acquired inputs in our memory for a longer period of time.a. Assimiliationb. Informationc. Educationd. Nutrition

21. State true or false :1. According to Kolb’s Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Experiencing is when A learner is exposed to a learning experience by his own or a facilitator’s efforts.2. According to Kolb’s Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Processing is when after the experience the learner has time to process. He does so by reflecting upon and analysing his experience.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

22. State true or false:1.According to Kolb’s Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Generalizing is when processing helps him in abstract conceptualization and formation of a tentative theory to explain his success or failures.

2. According to Kolb’s Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Applying is when finally he applies this learning in an everyday scenario which results in new experiences, and the cycle begins all over again.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

23. ______ organizations provide better payment to their employees. They make their employment and employability more secure.

a. Learningb. Readingc. Speakingd. Writing

24. A ______ learning atmosphere can make learning motivating and a happy experience.a. rightb.wrongc. costlyd. poor

25. Managers must examine their organisational ______ to see whether creativity, self-learning, feedback of learners, varied perspectives etc. prevail or not.

a. systemb. stylec. cultured. structure

26. A good learning program overcomes this by having ice-breaking sessions in the beginning itself. Ice breaking sessions help to develop a ______ atmosphere amongst participants and between teacher and participants.

a. relaxedb. difficultc. creatived. bright

27. ______ breaking sessions also emphasise that each one of us is vulnerable and liable to make mistakes and that mistakes are essential to learning.

a. Iceb. Ideac. Waterd. Lunch

28. After an appropriate ______ breaking session a non-threatening climate is achieved. a. Iceb. Ideac. Waterd. Lunch

29.______ can also be brought in through healthy competition and the right amount of cooperation.

a. Challengeb. Gamec. Sportsd. Education

30. Learning is substantial when mechanisms are right and it is weak when mechanisms are ______.

a. correct

b. appropriatec. wrongd. positive

31. Self-______ makes learning economical, faster and better. a. respectb. esteemc. learningd. confidence

32. Learning also depends on the teaching ______ of a teacher. A teacher may teach just because he needs the job, others may teach because they need respect and recognition.

a. needsb. competencec. styled. values

33. State true or false :1. One of the learning characteristics are of the divergers, the people who learn better by reflecting on specific experience and drawing new inferences.2.One of the learning characteristics are of the convergers focus on specific problems and look for answers and solutions.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

34. ______ conditioning is based on the fact that voluntary behaviours are learnt. As human beings we learn behaviour because we find it rewarding. In the same way we can unlearn behaviour if its consequence becomes unrewarding or punishing.

a. Operantb. Socialc. Cognitived. Classical

35. ______ divides general into specific; generalisation on the other hand unites previously unrelated elements into a meaningful cluster. Managers in organisations utilize both these approaches.

a. Discriminationd. Privatizationc. Creationd. Maximization

36. ______ is used to distinguish between two similar looking situations, people, position, policies or power.

a. Discriminationb. Maximizationc. Privatizationd. Generalization

37. ______ on the other hand can be used to relate certain organisational problems with poor communication, team work or interpersonal skills.

a. Discriminizationb. Maximizationc. Privatizationd. Generalization

38. ______ technology, particularly information and communication technologies (ICT) have made programmed learning possible through a distant mode also.

a. Modernb.Traditionalc. Oldb. Foreign

UNIT 5 Introduction to personality1. What is the study of an individual behavior based on, besides the analysis of the differences in individual behavior across different situations?

a. Psychology

b. Sociology

c. Physiology

d. Biology

2. What is defined as the combination of emotional, attitudinal and behavioral response patterns of individual towards any individual/event or situation?

a. Knowledge

b. Image

c. Personality

d. Beauty

3. Personality refers to ________ personal traits that can be both external and internal.

a. Organization’s

b. Individuals’

c. Organizations’

d. Individual’s

4. According to ________, “ Personality includes external appearance and behavior, inner awareness of self as a permanent organizing force and the particular pattern or organization of measurable traits, both inner and outer.”

a. Floyd L. Ruch

b. Fred Luthans

c. Carl Jung

d. Sheldon

5. The study of personality gives an insight to ________ behavior.

a. animal

b. human

c. bird

d. insect

6. Depending on employees’ behavior and motives, various ________ programmes are designed.

a. motivational

b. emotional

c. creative

d. management

7. The norms and ________ teach a person the moral and ethical lessons of life.

a. values

b. ethics

c. morals

d. culture

8 . Personality is the resultant of the interaction between three states of human mind i.e. the id, ego, and super-ego. ________ is the pleasure seeking element; ________ is the compromising element and ________ is the noble and idealistic element.

a. Id; ego; super-ego

b. Ego; id; super-ego

c. Super-ego; id; ego

d. Ego; super-ego; id

9. ________ is the logical, realistic, and mature aspect of personality.

a. Ego

b. Super-ego

c. Id

d. Super-id

10. ________ are basically strong, athletic and tough people.

a. Endomorph

b. Mesomorph

c. Ectomorph

d. Cultured

11. ________ are sociable, full of life, out-going, and out-spoken, impulsive, seeking change and emotionally expressive in nature.

a. Extroverts

b. Introverts

c. Reserved

d. Outgoing

12. ________ differentiates between two individuals.

a. Traits

b. Qualities

c. Quantities

d. Habits

13. People with ________ locus of control believe that what happens in their life can be controlled by them and they are the masters of their destiny.

a. Internal

b. External

c. Intrinsic

d. Extrinsic

14. What refers to the belief that power and status differences should prevail in organizations ?

a. Authoritarianism

b. Autocracy

c. Directive

d. Democracy

15. ____ ____ refers to the degree to which an individual likes or dislikes himself.

a. Self-esteem

b. Self-confidence

c. Self-image

d. Self-control

16. ________ mach people are highly moralistic and care for others.

a. Low

b. High

c. Medium

d. Super

17. Type ________ people are easy going and uncompetitive in nature.

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

18. Different people behave differently in different situations due to their different motives and ______. And this brings the biggest challenge in front of managers to manage the people they are working with.

a. needs

b. tastes

c. thinking

d. ideology

19. The word “personality” has been derived from the Latin word per sona that means to ______ through.

a. speak

b. listen

c. hear

d. write

20. According to ______ ______ ,“ personality means how a person affects others and how he understands and views himself as well as the pattern of inner and outer measurable traits, and the person-situation interaction. ”

a. Floyd L. Ruch

b. Fred Luthans

c. Carl Jung

d. Sheldon

21. In determinants of personality under biological factor ______ refers to the transmission of an individual’s traits from ancestors to descendents.

a. heredityb. brainc. heartd. habit

22. In determinants of personality under biological factor,______ features or external appearance is a very important part of one’s personality.

a. physicalb. psychologicalc. intellectuald. behavioural

23. ______ is the set of beliefs, values and norms that are shared universally and are transmitted from one generation to other.

a. Cultureb. Behaviourc. Habitsd. Values

24. ______ is a process through which an infant acquires those behavioural patterns that are acceptable to others.

a. Socializationb. Identificationc. Discriminationd. Generalization

25.______ Process occurs when a person tries to identify himself with someone who he feels is the most ideal person for him in the family. It can be his father, mother, grandparents etc.

a. Socializationb. Identificationc. Discriminationd. Generalization

26. According to Milgram, “______ exerts an important pressure on the individual. It exercises constraints and may provide push. In certain circumstances, it is not so much the kind of person a man is, as the kind of situation in which he is placed, that determines his actions.”

a.situationb.identificationc.socializationd.generalization

27. The biological factors determine an individual‟s personality from within, family and social factors affect the personality from the very infant stage, cultural and ______ factors influence the personality in the later stages of an individual‟s life for i.e., when he enters schools, colleges or mixes with peer-group mates.

a. situationalb. habitualc. usuald. common

28. Psychoanalytical Theory – this theory was propounded by Sigmund Freud. Freud has stressed upon the unconscious part of human brain which determines human ______.

a. behaviourb. reactionc. habitsd. life

30. Id basically shows the negative aspect of an individual as it tries to make the person more ______. Id is very childish and demanding as it represents an individual‟s needs and feelings.

a. self-centricb. self-confidentc. self-reliantd. self-concious

31. ______ is the logical, rational, realistic and mature aspect of personality. It takes decisions after analysing the facts in a realistic and objective manner.

a. Egob. Ego-centricc. Super- egod. Id

32. ______ keeps a check on Id and exercises control over it.a. Egob. Super- egoc. Ego superd. Super Id

33.______ always demands that everything must be done with full honesty and ethically.a. Egob. Super- egoc. Ego superd. Super Id

34. Id commands satisfaction, ego tries to delay it on not finding it to be worthy and above all super-ego stresses upon maintaining the ______ part.

a. moralb. behaviourc. attitudec. culture

35. In type theories Physiognomy theory deals with the physique or body type of a ______ and his associated personality temperaments.

a. personb. animalc. birdd. insect

36.______ are good tempered, show a relaxed posture, read slowly and are tolerant of others. They are easy to get along with others and prefer to be led than to lead.

a. Endomorphb. Mesomorphc. Ectomorphd. Morphs

37.Ectomorphs are thin, tall and poorly developed physically. Such persons show their desire for control.

a. Endomorphb. Mesomorphc. Ectomorphsd. Morphs

38. Self theory has been propounded by ______ ______. An individual’s self concept is the centre of attraction in this theory.

a. Carl Rogersb. Carl Jungc. Sheldond. Sigmund Freud

39. Type ______ people are impatient, aggressive, hard working and very competitive. a. Ab. Bc. Cd. D

40. State true or false:1. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that the study of personality gives an insight to human behaviour. 2. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that it helps in selecting the right person for the right job.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

41. State true or false:1. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that it helps in identifying an individual’s strong as well as weak points. 2. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that personality leads to greater self-awareness, which in turn results in increases personal integrity.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

42. State true or false:1. One of the main difference between extroverts and introverts is extroverts are not open and often talkative and introverts need to have own territory.2. One of the main difference between extroverts and introverts is extroverts like acton and intiative and introverts usually do not have many friends.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Fd.1.F 2.T

UNIT 6 Introduction to Emotions

1. ______ of the employees, if not channeled properly, can have terrible consequences.a. Behaviourb. Emotionsc. Attituded. Manners

2. As ______ we have been endowed with emotions, both positive and negative, and hence there is hardly any moment, even in our professional life, when we are not emotional.

a. Animalsb. Humansc. Birdsd. Insects

3. Emotions are our personal and subjective experiences and have their roots in the intricate, dynamic interaction of ______ , cognitive and situational variables.

a. Psychologicalb. Behaviouralc. Physicald. Physiological

4. Emotions can result in a ______ and fulfilling life as they transform our thought processes, improve perception, enhance memory and learning, augment performance and increase adaptability.

a. Joyfulb. Happyc. Satisfyingd. Ecstatic

5. In personal and professional life emotions have an effect on our ______, our ability to perform and our interpersonal relationships.

a. Self-confidenceb. Self-reliancec. Self-esteemd. Self-worth

6. Under the influence of ______ emotions we under perform, lack confidence and conviction and our interpersonal relations are damaged.

a. Positiveb. Negativec. Balancedd. Unbalanced

7. “Emotional Social_______ is necessary for human survival and adaptation”, Charles Darwin (1872).

a. Intelligenceb. Behavior

c. Thinkingd. Sense

8. As ______ we carry emotional components to our work places, and hence study of organizational behavior will be incomplete without a thorough understanding of emotions.

a. Employeesb. Jobseekersc. Employersd. Professionals

9. ______ are defined as a complex pattern of arousal, subjective feeling and cognitive interpretation involving physiological and psychological reactions.

a. Behaviorsb. Mannersc. Attituded. Emotions

10. Emotions can also be explained as______feelings that are directed at someone or something (object).

a. Deepb. Extremec. Intensed. Special

11. ______ is a broad concept and includes a wide range of feelings that we experience under normal and abnormal circumstances. They include emotions. Thus emotion is a component of affect.

a. Effectb. Affectc. Moodsd. Attitude

12. State true or false:a) Emotions are diverseb) Emotions are objective

a. a)True b)Falseb. a)True b)Truec. a)False b)Falsed. a)False b)True

13. The emotions such as joy, fear, anger, disgust, sadness and surprise, and which are natural and universal are called ______emotions.

a. Fundamentalsb. Basicc. Primaryd. Secondary

14. Emotional expressions communicated by way of gestures, body language, and eye contact differs from culture to culture.

a. Impressionsb. Cuesc. Behaviorsd. Expressions

15. ______ emotions are an individual’s real emotions whereas displayed emotions are emotions being expressed by the person.

a. Heartfeltb. Feltc. Expressived. True

16. Emotional ______ refers to the effort required to express unfelt emotions. a. Workerb. Overloadc. Weightd. Labour

17. Scientifically speaking, emotion experiences are a result of ______ activations in which the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and the cerebral cortex play important roles.

a. Physiologicb. Psychologicalc. Neurophysiologicd. Logic

18. In which theory of emotion, when a particular event occurs, our body responds by bringing about physiological changes such as palpitations, increased heart beat etc.?

a. James Lange theory of emotionb. James Bard Theoryc. Cannon Bard Theoryd. Schachter and Singer

19. Emotional ______ is the ability to perceive, appraise and express emotions accurately, so that we can understand, recognize and control our own feelings and emotions and those of others to generate feelings that facilitate thoughts, and motivate ourselves and others as well.

a. Intellectualityb. Aptitudec. Knowledged. Intelligence

20. .A simple and an all-inclusive definition of emotional intelligence has been given by Daniel Goleman in 1998 when he defines emotional intelligence as a person’s self-awareness, self-confidence, self-control, commitment and integrity, and person’s ability to communicate, influence, initiate change and accept ______.

a. Changeb. Challenges

c. Peopled. Life

21. State true or false:a) According to Goleman, based on the Recognition and Regulation of emotions, the four major skills that make up emotional intelligence are:-self awareness, social awareness, self management, relationship management.

b) we generally make decisions with our “head” as well as with our “heart”. A rational decision may not be the correct decision because an important component (head) of decision making has been suppressed by us.

a. a) true b) falseb. a) true b) truec. a) false b) falsed. a) false b) true

22. ______ emotional intelligence results in highly ethical decisions whereas low emotional intelligence often leads to unethical decisions.

a. Deepb. Heavyc. Highd. Extreme

23. The positive emotion of ______ creates the urge to explore, take in new information and experiences, and expand the self.

a. Curiosityb. Interestc. Creativityd. Motivation

24. Emotional Intelligence of individuals can be enhanced by appropriate training and counselling programmes and this results in enhanced ______ performance.

a. Workb. Jobc. Individuald. Group

25. To manage ______ therefore a manager has to learn to manage emotions. His ability to identify the emotional component in a conflict and also the ability to make conflicting parties to work through their emotions are essential to manage conflict.

a. peopleb. individualsc. groupsd. conflicts

26. Researchers have shown that emotionally intelligent people have fewer______ problems and better work performance as they are able to manage and express their emotions appropriately.

a. Moneyb. Healthc. Behaviorald. Psychological

27. Negative moods and emotions release ______ hormones that weaken our immune system and ultimately lead to poorer health outcomes, increased risk of injury and even death due to chronic blood pressure and heart attacks.

a. panicb. stressc. responsed. fighting

28. The positive emotion of ______ gives rise to an impulse to play and be creative. a. Happinessb. Laughterc. Fund. Joy

29. The emotion of ______ experienced within our near and dear ones initiates a wish to save our loved ones at any cost.

a. Happinessb. Sadnessc. Hoped. Love

30. Emotional Intelligence of individuals can be enhanced by appropriate training and ______ programmes and this results in enhanced work performance.

a. Counsellingb. Softskillsc. Etiquetted. Therapeutic

31. A person performs better because he does not want to______ his team and his organization, because he wants to rise above his selfish existence and serve selflessly, because of his emotional commitments and so on.

a. winb. leavec. faild. pass

32. The ______ approach suggests that people can be motivated with rewards and inducements. Thus, higher wages, bonus, insurance etc. traditionally have been in operation to provide the required motivation.

a. irrationalb. sensiblec. rationald. sesponsible

33. ______ Emotions being expressed by the person .a. Learnedb. Potrayedc. Basic d. Felt

34. State true or false:-a) The association between emotions and OB is best explained by the Affective Events Theory (AET).b) Schachter and Singer forwarded the four-factor theory of emotions which is founded on cognitive analysis.

a. a)True b) Falseb. a) True b) Truec. a) False b) Falsed. a) False b) True

UNIT 7. Motivation

1. In Today’s Organizations one of the most important functions of manager is to motivate people for successfully accomplishing the organizational ______.

a. Goalsb. Aimsc. Objectivesd. Targets

2. According to Rensis Likert ______ is the “core of management”.a. Problem solvingb. Decision makingc. Inspirationd. Motivation

3. A manager has to use the various techniques of motivation to inspire the work force to fulfill the objectives. In other words we can say that a “______ to work is necessary for the achievement of organizational goals.”

a. Motivationb. Willc. Abilityd. Skill

4. According to Behavioural scientists “Motivation refers to a dynamic driving force, which stems from within. It is an inner striving condition, which activates or moves individuals into ______ and continues to keep him in the course of action enthusiastically”.

a. Actionb. Activityc. Movementd. Work

5. We can say that a manager has to create and maintain such an environment where individuals can work together in groups for the accomplishment of common objectives. Motivation is the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways. We can say that Performance = f( ______ x motivation).

a. Knowledgeb. Skillc. Abilityd. Courage

6. The term motivation may be defined as “the managerial function of ascertaining the motives of ______ and helping them to realize those motives”.

a. Employeesb. Coworkersc. Subordinatesd. Managers

7. According to Dubin, motivation could be defined as “the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an ______. Motivation is something that moves the person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated”.

a. Officeb. Workplacec. Aread. Organization

8. Motivation refers to the way a person is enthused at work to intensify his/her ______ and willingness to use and channelize his/her energy for the achievement of organizational objectives.

a. Wishb. Desirec. Needsd. Wants

9. In the words of Dalton E. McFarland, “ ______ is the way in which urges, desires, aspiration, striving or needs direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings”.

a. Inspirationb. Motivationc. Aspirationd. Desperation

10. According to McFarland “Motivation is a form of tension occurring within an individual, with resulting behaviour aimed at reducing, eliminating or diverting the tension. Understanding the needs and drives and their resulting tensions helps to explain and predict human behavior, ultimately providing a sound basis for ______ decision and action.”

a. entrepreneurialb. managerialc. organizationald. individual

11. Motivation is present in every life function. Even a simple act such as eating is motivated by ______.

a. angerb. foodc. smelld. hunger

12. Education is motivated by desire for ______. Motivators can be anything from reward to coercion.

a. knowledgeb. Skillc. Studiesd. degree

13.______ motivation occurs when people are compelled to do something out of pleasure, importance, or desire.

a. Extrinsicb. Intrinsicc. Externald. Internal

14.______ motivation occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. External motivation is generally materialistic in nature. Not better or worse then internal, but just what makes a person want to take action.


15. A teacher implements motivational techniques to see an increased participation, effort, and higher grades. Part of the teacher’s job is to provide a motivationally charged environment especially for the students who lack their own ______ motivation.


16. Content (or need) theories of motivation focus on factors internal to the individual that energize and ______ behavior.

a. motivateb. directc. coordinated. inspire

17. Content theories include ______ need hierarchy theory, Herzberg’s two factor theory, Alderfer’s ERG and Achievement Motivation theory.

a. Porter’sb. Vroom’sc. Maslow’sd. Adam’s

18. Process theories include Vroom’s Expectancy Model, Adam’s Equity theory and ______ Performance and Satisfaction model.

a. Maslow’sb. Herzberg’sc. Alderfer’sd. Porter’s

19.The next level in Maslow’s hierarchy is esteem or ego needs. These needs arise when we want to be appreciated for what we can do. These needs include self-______, personal achievement, status, recognition and attention.

a. Esteemb. Confidencec. Respectd. Actualization

20. The______ Theory proposes that the best way to stimulate motivation among employees is to improve the nature of the job .According to Herzberg the best way to improve the job was to enrich it (1987). Job enrichment includes giving a job greater variety, responsibility and control.

a. Achievement motivationb. ERGc. Dual-factord. Motivation-Hygiene

21. The ERG Theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer in the late ______.a. 30’sb. 40’sc. 50’sd. 60’s

22. Process (or cognitive) theories of motivation focus on conscious human decision processes as an explanation of motivation. Process theories are concerned with determining how individual behavior is energized, directed, and maintained in the specifically willed and self-directed human ______ processes.

a. Cognitiveb. Behavioral

c. Emotionald. Decision

23. The Expectancy Theory is also known as instrumentality theory, path-goal theory and valence- instrumentality-expectancy theory. This theory was developed by Victor H. Vroom. According to this theory, work effort in an organization is directed towards ______ that people believe will lead to desired outcomes.(Vroom 1964).

a. Emotionsb. Behavioursc. Mannersd. Ethics

24. ______ is the preference of an individual for a particular second level outcome. Valence can have values ranging from negative to positive. An outcome is positive when it is preferred and negative when it is not preferred.

a. Balanceb. Valencec. Valued. Chance

25. Managers of successful organizations try to ensure that employee’s levels of expectancy, instrumentality and valence are ______ so that they will be highly motivated.

a. highb. lowc. mediumd. balanced

26. Equity Theory was formulated by ______. It is also known as Social Comparison Theory. This theory is based on the perception that people are motivated to maintain a fair or equitable relationship between themselves and others and to avoid relationships that are unfair or inequitable.

a. Herzbergb. Maslowc. Adamsd. Porter

27. ______ have given a comprehensive theory of motivation. It says that motivation, performance and satisfaction are all separate variables and they relate in ways different from what was traditionally assumed.

a. Lawlerb. Porterc. Both a.& b.d. None of the above

28. Success in a job depends not only on ______ expertise but also on the interest of the job-holder.

a. technicalb. mechanicalc. administratived. operational

29.______ view motivation as the force which impels or incites all living organisms to action.a. Physiologistsb. Doctorsc. Researchersd. Psychologists

30. Three elements - ______ and Goal - interact in motivation.a. Need, Driveb. Need, Aimc. Need, Wantd. Want, Drive

31. The needs of man are numerous He not only wants food, clothing and shelter but also status and recognition. Drives are the intra organic activities for a particular type of ______. Drive moves one towards the goal. The goal may be food, and drink or social interactions.

a. attitudeb. behaviourc. mannerd. etiquettes

32. ______ who have high growth need can perform well on challenging jobs. So when the right job is given to the right person every organization gets the benefit of it.

a. Peopleb. A personc. An individuald. Individuals

33. ______ should always be challenging enough to motivate people because they need high levels of effort.

a. Aimsb. Targetsc. Goalsd. Objectives

34. Through Job ______ every company tries to evaluate the worth of jobs. Jobs with higher status are rewarded with attractive perks and other facilities.

a. Descriptionb. Analysisc. Evaluationd. Design

35. ______ based on competences are not based on status but on skill, ability, creativity, competency and the technical knowledge of a person to perform a task. It facilitates continuous learning. The employee‟s pay increases with enhanced skills.

a. Awardsb. Rewardsc. Giftsd. Compensations

36. Any incentive paid in terms of bonus, commission or royalty, paid for achieving a certain goal is an ______ reward.

a. groupb. teamc. individuald. organizational

37. Profit sharing, right to purchase and purchase right of company’s shares at a discounted rate can be such rewards which create ownership culture and make ______ work for the success of the company.

a. employersb. employeesc. managersd. individuals

38. Before deciding about the compensation organizations carefully observes the inputs of particular job ______.

a. evaluationb. analysisc. designd. equity

39. Indian companies are using both ______ and performance based pay to attract people.a. experienceb. knowledgec. skillsd. seniority

40. Management by ______ is a participative process. MBO was propounded by Peter F. Drucker in 1954. This also can be motivational because in this employees are involved in setting their own goals and so feel responsible for the completion of the task.

a. Opinionb. Opportunityc. Objectived. Organization

41. The role of Information and Technology is an important factor for ______ because it gives access to all the desirable information.

a. empowermentb. professionalismc. knowledged. organization

42. A Job is a set of ______ which is performed by any person. Keeping the principles of scientific management in view, Job Design is breaking the job into sub tasks.

a. tasksb. choresc. skillsd. goals

43. Job ______ involves moving employees from one job to another in a very systematic manner and thus providing them with more interesting and satisfying work.

a. Enlargement

b. Enrichmentc. Rotationd. Design

44. Job ______ is an effective tool for reducing the monotony and boredom of performing by expanding the worker’s job. It increases interest and provides variety by increasing the number of tasks in a job. In spite of all the benefits, job designing is not an easy task.

a. Enlargementb. Enrichmentc. Rotationd. Design

UNIT 8 Leadership

1. There are two conflicting views about leadership development some say ______ are born, while other say leaders are made out of situation. General belief is that leaders are both born and made.

a. managersb. leadersc. employersd. researchers

2 Leadership is a process of influencing ______ towards the fulfillment of goals in a given situation.

a. individualsb. employeesc. workersd. people

3. Organizations today emphasize leadership training and development to fulfill the future ______ needs. Succession planning is a part of it.

a. HRb. Marketingc. Productiond. Financial

4. Leadership, as a concept, is as old as human civilization. Its need is felt more strongly in today’s highly complex, specialized and adjustment oriented surroundings. Leaders indeed are the ______ resources in the world.

a. abundantb. costliestc. cheapest

d. scarcest

5. According to ______ and O’Donnell “Leadership is the process of influencing others towards the accomplishment of the goal. It is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with zeal and confidence”.

a. Selznickb. Terryc. Hemphilld. Koontz

6. In the words of ______ “Leadership can be defined as a process in which a person tries to influence a set of individuals in the pursuit of achieving individual, group and organizational objectives. Effective leaders help groups of people to define their goals and find ways to achieve them”.

a. Selznickb. Terryc. Hemphilld. Louis A. Allen

7. ______ says that it is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives.a. Selznickb. Terryc. Hemphilld. Louis A. Allen

8. According to ______ “It is the initiation of acts which result in a consistent pattern of group interaction directed towards the solution of a mutual problem”.


9. According to ______ “A leader is one who guides and directs other people. He gives the efforts of his followers a direction and purpose, by influencing their behavior”.


10. Leadership is a process of ______.a. Affluenceb. Successionc. Influenced. Consequence

11. Leadership is related to a situation. The ability of a leader is determined by his skills or capacity to handle a situation to allow his subordinates to work with ______ and ______.

a. Freedom

b. Independencec. Both a.& b.d. None of the above

12. Leadership is a function of stimulation. A leader should set attainable ______ and inspire people in such a manner that individuals and organizational goals do not contradict each other.

a. Goalsb. Aimsc. Objectivesd. Tasks

13. _______ gives an experience of helping others in attaining their common objective. It gives a sense of identification and recognition to the people.

a. Leadershipb. Friendshipc. Assistanced. Sportsmanship

14. There should be the existence of ______ , because it is a two way relationship which may involve psychological or economical exchange.

a. employersb. leadersc. supportersd. followers

15. The ______ of a leader is determined by three factors- qualification, skill and knowledge.a. attitudeb. behaviourc. mannerd. character

16. Leadership is a ______ term, but a manager is more than a leader.a. broadb. narrowc. wided. lengthy

17. The authority of the leader depends upon the followers who give consent to be influenced. A manager has formal ______ from the top management.

a. Responsibilityb. Accountabilityc. Authorityd. Priority

18. Leaders also act as ______ who listen to their subordinates, remove obstacles and keep the employees happy at the work place.

a. advisors

b. therapistsc. supervisorsd. counselors

19. A leader manages ______ and strives for effectiveness by enforcing discipline and control.a. Timeb. Resourcesc. Moneyd. Employees

20. A leader creates positive energy, with his confidence and enthusiasm; he creates a charisma and leads people toward accomplishment of the ______.

a. Missionb. Visionc. Goald. Objective

21. Thus leadership transforms potential into reality and develops confidence in ______ for successful work accomplishment.

a. Employeesb. Employersc. Followersd. Individuals

22. There are three different types of leadership styles: Autocratic, ______ and Laissez-faire.a. Independentb. Authoritarianc. Participatived. Informal

23. ______ power is centralized in the hands of the leader and he does not give subordinates the freedom to influence his behavior. So we can say that it is a one way process.

a. Problem solvingb. Purchasingc. Manageriald. Decision making

24. Autocratic leadership style is again divided into three types. Strict autocratic, Benevolent autocratic, ______.

a. Manipulativeb. Participativec. Informald. formal

25. ______ style is also known as democratic style. In this style the decision making power is dispersed among the group members. Policies are worked out in group discussions and with the acceptance of the group.

a. Manipulativeb. Participativec. Informald. Formal

26. One of the disadvantages of the Participative style of leadership is that ______ can use participative leadership as a tool of manipulation.

a. Employeesb. Leadersc. Subordinatesd. Employers

27. Laissez- faire style leadership style is also known as free-rein leadership. The leader acts as a ______. Generally self managed teams have this kind of leadership.

a. Supervisorb. Figureheadc. Liaisond. Negotiator

28. ______ is also called permissive leadership. a. Laissez-faire styleb. Participativec. Autocraticd. Strict autocratic

29. According to ______ theory, leadership is a combination of certain personality traits.a. Situationalb. Behaviouralc. Personalityd. Trait

30. Situational theory says that there are certain ______ factors which decide about a person‟s leadership style.

a. situationalb. behaviouralc. personalityd. trait

31. ______ theory identifies the behaviour of an individual which is associated with the leadership style.

a. Situationalb. Behaviouralc. Personalityd. Trait

32. The Great ______ theory of leadership was formulated in the year 1950 according to which leaders are born and not made. This theory says that leaders have certain inherent traits which make them leaders.

a. Humanb. Birdc. Animald. Man

33. Trait theory is based on Great man theory. In the year 1930-40 many researches were conducted to find out the factors which are responsible for making a leader and it was said that if a person possesses particular ______ he can become a leader. In other words this theory believes that leadership is the result of certain traits.

a. Mannersb. Behaviorsc. Traitsd. Habits

34. The Ohio State Studies identified various independent dimensions of a leader’s behaviour. After analyzing the leadership behavior in various situations they narrowed down the list to two leadership behaviors a) Initiating structure and b) ______.

a. Emotionb. Sensitivityc. Kindnessd. Consideration

35.______ structure indicates the role of the leader and his subordinates, concern for establishing well defined norms, implementing new ideas and practices, developing channels of communication and ways of performing the task. High rank on initiating structure shows that the leader is task oriented.

a. Initiatingb. Verticalc. Horizontald. Flat

36. Consideration indicates friendship, respect, and mutual trust and worth a ______ can show to be friendly and approachable. High on consideration helps in developing good rapport with the subordinates.

a. managerb. leaderc. subordinated. employer

37. ______ leader has very little concern for both result and relation with people. They are the least required ones. They put least effort towards completion of task and maintaining the high morale of the employees.

a. Country clubb. Middle roadc. Impoverishedd. Influential

38. The ______ theories emphasise that there is no specific style of leadership; it is the situation which decides whether a person is a leader or not.

a. Managerial grid

b. Behaviouralc. Traitd. Situational

39. In the situational model a style of the leadership is matched with the maturity of the followers. The maturity of the follower is decided by his ability to take responsibility, his education, willingness to do a task and capacity to set high but attainable _____.

a. Goalsb. Objectivesc. Aimsd. Vision

40. Relationship behavior includes maintaining proper communication processes and developing healthy ______ with subordinates by providing social and emotional support.

a. Behaviourb. Attitudec. Relationshipd. Life

41. Path-goal theory was proposed by R. J. House. This theory says that a leader should motivate his subordinates for attaining the work goal by clarifying the path so that they can get personal ______.

a. Awardsb. Prizec. Benefitsd. Rewards

42. A leader should analyse the situation, the need of the follower and task, and provide support , clear the path, clarifying the path so that follower can get the rewards. For this a leader can adopt following styles: supportive, directive, participative, ______ oriented.

a. Profitb. Qualityc. Peopled. Achievement

43. According to House, any leadership style will be effective in any particular situation, not in the other one. These situations are determined by two ______ a) Characteristics of Followers: The style of leadership should be according to the ability and personality of the followers.

b) Employee’s Working Environment: The factors which are not under the control of the subordinates but affect their performance and satisfaction are the environmental factors. These factors can be work environment and other organizational factors.

a. Factorsb. Situationsc. Variablesd. Things

44. Charismatic leadership is a process of influencing the ______ so that they can admire their actions.

a. Followers

b. Employeesc. Individualsd. Subordinates

45. Transactional leaders are the ones who ______ and direct their followers on the path of established goals.

a. Motivateb. Inspirec. Aspired. Encourage

46. In______ , leaders are the ones who try to transform individuals to extract their potential and develop them to become better leaders.

a. Charismatic leadershipb. Transactional leadershipc. Transformational leadershipd. Visionary leadership

47. Visionary leaders are the ones who have the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible and attractive ______ of the future. The effectiveness of the visionary leader depends upon his ability to explain his vision to others.

a. predictionb. visionc. pictured. version

48.In______degree leadership every individual has certain leadership qualities and potential all over the organization.

a. 100b. 120c. 180d. 360

UNIT 9 Organizational Stress

1. What acts as a motivator or energizer, propels people to put up the best possible efforts and complete the work?

a. Managersb. Rewardsc. Tensiond. Stress

2. By learning to manage stress at the work place or in our day- to-day life, we can learn to manage our responses to stress, which will result in better physical and mental health, and also to foster healthy ______with others.

a. Friendshipsb. Relationshipsc. Behaviord. Attitude

3. Stress is our mind and body’s ______ or reaction to a real or imagined threat, event or change. Such threat, event or change is commonly called a stressor. Stressors can be internal such as thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, or external such as loss, tragedy or change.

a. Sensitivityb. Conditionc. Stimulusd. Response

4. Stress is the physiological and behavioral response of an individual seeking to ______ and adjust to both internal and external pressures.

a. Adoptb. Adjustc. Compromised. Handle

5. Stress is the reaction, people have to excessive pressures or other types of demands placed upon them. It arises when they worry that they can’t cope with the fast ______ environment.

a. Growingb. Developingc. Demandingd. Changing

6. According to Robbins, “Stress is a condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand related to what he or she ______ and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important”.

a. Needsb. Wishesc. Wantsd. Desires

7. Stress is associated with two factors- ______ and resources.a. Suppliesb. Demandsc. Commandsd. Money

8. Demands are the pressures, responsibilities and ______, faced by an individual at the work place.

a. Risksb. Liabilitiesc. Accountabilitiesd. Uncertainties

9. Resources are anything, which can be used to ______ the demand.a. Recoverb. Controlc. Resolved. Fulfill

10. Dr Hans Selye, in the year 1974, said that in a stressful situation there can be physiological responses in people that act as a defence system to cope with the demands of the environment. This response is known as general adaptation syndrome. There are three stages of it: a) Alarm Reaction

b) Resistance

c) ______ a. Tirednessb. Sleepinessc. Relaxationd. Exhaustion

11. In ______ stage, our body tries to cope or adapt to the stressors. They start a process of repairing the damage caused by the stressors.

a. Co-existenceb. Resistancec. Distanced. Persistence

12. During ______ stage, we are not able to manage the stressor effectively. It becomes difficult to be normal. Our body and mind are not able to repair the damage. The reaction can be digestive disorder, withdrawal, headache, tension, insomnia, loss of temper etc.

a. Resistanceb. Exhaustionc. Alarm reactiond. Sleep

13. For a ______ it is very important to recognize and understand the stressor, which causes job related stress, and ultimately affects the work attitude as well as behaviour.

a. Workerb. Subordinatec. Leaderd. Manager

14. It is not that ______ is caused by external environmental factors. It is our reaction to the environmental factors. It depends upon the way we perceive it and react to it. The same situation can affect two people in two different manners.

a. Tensionb. Stressc. Pressured. Tiredness

15. Stressors can be both internal and external factors. The various factors, which can be stressors are- money, traffic, job related stress, health or medical issues, lack of free time, relationships, family or friends etc. The organizational stressors can be: a) Physical environment such as light, noise, temperature, polluted air, overcrowded work place etc.

b) ______ factors such as role conflict and role ambiguity, work overload or work under load, responsibility, working conditions, task demands, job future ambiguity, autonomy, frequent disagreements etc.

c) Group’s factors such as poor relations with peers, subordinates or boss, poor structural design, politics, lack of specific policies, organizational leadership, organizational life stage etc.

a. Groupb. Individualc. Teamd. Job

16. During Occupational Demands certain jobs are more stressful than others. If physical environment is not satisfactory, it can increase the ______. Even overcrowding can lead to frequent interruptions in work, which can be very stressful.

a. Nervousnessb. Anxietyc. Angerd. Frustration

17. Role conflicts exist when a job includes such duties and responsibilities, which conflict which each other. Conflict arises when ______ have contradictory expectations from a person.

a. Peopleb. Individualsc. Groupsd. Employees

18. Role ______ arises when a person is not certain about his duties and authority, rules and policies of the company, job security and methods of appraisal. It has been found that role ambiguity is related to low job satisfaction, job anxiety and physical and mental health.

a. Confusionb. Conflictsc. Overloadd. Ambiuguity

19. Role ______ When a person is expected to perform beyond his competence and skills, it can create work overload. Constant pressure and unreasonable deadlines can cause stress in the organization.

a. Underloadb. Overloadc. Ambiguityd. Conflict

20. Poor interpersonal relationships with superiors, subordinates, co-workers or client can be a ______ of stress. In the absence of healthy and benign relationships, employees develop anxiety and hostility, which leads to stress.

a. Reasonb. Purposec. Sourced. Presence

21. Stress can be the result of ______ communication or no communication in an organization. In such a situation, we start interpreting issues wrongly. We misunderstand others and develop a stressful situation.

a. Richb. Heavyc. Falsed. Poor

22. Sometimes high responsibility also acts as a stressor. It has been seen that people with more responsibility suffer from ______ blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.

a. Highb. Lowc. Mediumd. Less

23. Job change In the fast changing society, employees are expected to be ready for new job requirements. Job reengineering, computerization and ______ create uncertainty amongst the employees, which ultimately leads to stress.

a. Liberalizationb. Mordernizationc. Centralizationd. Decentralization

24. According to Friedman and Roseman, there are two different personality types Type A personality and Type B personality. The main characteristics of Type A personalities are that they are hard working, ambitious and set _____ targets for themselves. They are impatient, aggressive, restless and competitive. Type B personalities work at a slow pace and set reasonable targets for themselves. They avoid fighting on every issue. They are more patient and try to maintain good interpersonal relationships with others.

a. Highb. Lowc. Mediumd. Less

25. In a limited time, people experience role conflicts due to the overlapping demands of the work and family. Excessive ______ and regulations can be a cause of stress. Thus, the race of reaching the top can cause frustration and fear of failure. This will contribute to a situation of overall stress.

a. Lawsb. Procedures

c. Rulesd. Information

26. ______ is also known as positive stress. Low to moderate stress is constructive in nature. It can increase the effort and stimulate creativity.

a. Stressb. Distressc. Eustressd. Process

27. ______ or negative stress occurs when the level of stress is either too high or too low, and the body or mind begins to respond negatively to the stressors.

a. Stressb. Distressc. Eustressd. Process

28. Generally, people feel that it is part of their day- to-day life, but actually special attention should be paid to any physiological, psychological or behavioral change. The cost of stress is not only borne by individuals, but it is borne by organizations as well. The effect can be seen in terms of lower productivity, turnover, absenteeism and lower participation in ______ activities.

a. Groupsb. Individualsc. Peopled. Organizational

29. The cost of stress can be evaluated from three aspects: i. In terms of ______insurance: If the employee is under stress, and any serious illness arises, then the employer has to pay for it.

ii. Majority of accidents caused by employees: Stress can affect the task productivity of the employee. There is a chance of accident due to the emotional disorder of the employee.

iii. There can be a legal issue between employer and employee due to stress related worker compensation claims.

a. Wealthb. Lifec. Healthd. Company

30. The ______ effects of stress are anxiety, poor concentration, poor nervous symptoms, and lower self esteem. Excessive stress results in job burnout where work environment becomes adverse and the employee finds it difficult to confront and manage stress.

a. Physiologicalb. Psychologicalc. Logicald. Normal

31. Behavioural effects can be alcoholism, drug abuse, accident proneness, irritability and forgetfulness. Negative stress affects the ______ ______ ability of the employee. Even a polite and respectful employee can shout at others if he/she is under stress. It may also result in violence or physical attack at the work place.

a. Problem solvingb. Decision makingc. Evaluatingd. Communication

32. To manage the ______ impact of stress, there is a three step process: i) Be aware of the symptoms of stress.

ii) Identify the sources of stress.

iii) Develop strategies to cope with stress. a. Positiveb. Balancedc. Negatived. Zero

33.State true or false:- If the stress is due to environmental or job related factors, the individual can adopt the following coping strategies:

a) Time managementb) Change the jobc) Exercised) Meditation & Relaxatione) Increase your comfort zone

a. a)true b)true c)true d)true e)true b. a)true b)false c)true d)false e)true c. a)false b)true c)false d)true e)falsed. a)false b)false c)false d)false e)false

34. State true or false:To minimize the work pressure, organizations are adopting the following strategies:a) Role ambuguityb) supportive work environmentc) career developmentd) institutional programmes

a. a)true b)true c)true d)trueb. a)true b)false c)true d)falsec. a)false b) false c) false d) falsed. a) false b) true c) false d) true

33. Job ______ the end result of the stress experienced, but not properly coped with; exhaustion due to the adverse effect of the working environment.

a. Workoutb. Burnoutc. Attritiond. Turnover

34. Poor ______ relationships with superiors subordinates, co-workers or client can be a source of stress. In the absence of healthy and benign relationships, employees develop anxiety and hostility, which leads to stress.

a. Intrapersonalb. Interpersonalc. Personald. Organizational

35. State true or false :-

Excessive amount of stress is always very harmful for the organization. To make it clearer, signs and symptoms of stress can be broadly divided into four categories: Feelings, Thoughts, Behaviour, and Physiology.The following are some of the signs and symptoms of feelings:-

A. Feeling moodyB. DepressC. Obsessions D. Low self-esteem

a. A.T B.T C.T D. Tb. A. T B. T C. T. D. Fc. A. F B. F C. F D. Fd. A. F B.T C. F D. T

36. State true or false :-Excessive amount of stress is always very harmful for the organization. To make it clearer, signs and symptoms of stress can be broadly divided into four categories: Feelings, Thoughts, Behaviour, and Physiology.The following are some of the signs and symptoms of thoughts:-

A. Low self-esteem

B. Fear of failure

C. Sleep disturbance

D. Forgetfulness

a. A.T B.T C.T D.T

b. A.T B.T C.F D.T

c. A. F B.F C.F D.F

d. A. F B.T C.F D.F

37. ______ is the method of concentrating on something in a very relaxed frame of mind. From ancient times in india, meditation has been followed as a tool of mental relaxation. In a hectic and busy work schedule, by devoting some time to meditation, individuals can cope effectively with stress .

a. Yoga

b. Meditationc. Exercised. Awareness

38. A friendly ______ atmosphere with clear communication and participative decision making can make an employee happy at the work place. All these efforts can reduce the level of stress in the organization.

a. Supportiveb. Encouragingc. Demotivatingd. Motivating

39. ______ can act as a great stress buster.a. Tensionb. Pressurec. Workd. Exercise

40. ______ is a stimulus, which produces stress.a. Pressureb. Tensionc. Motivationd. Stressor

UNIT 11 Introduction to organization culture.

1. The identity or personality possessed by an organization is known as organizational ______ .a. Stressb. Identityc. Personalityd. Culture

2. As there are many cultures across the ______ , there are many different cultures across organizations also.

a. Countriesb. Nationsc. Citiesd. World

3. The culture of a manufacturing company is likely to be different from that of a ______ company.

a. Textileb. Insurancec. Retaild. Production

4. In ______ industry, the culture of a hotel will definitely be different from that of a hospital.a. Consumer goodsb. Servicec. Financed. Steel

5. The understanding of culture is important, especially in today’s times of ______ and frequent change.

a. Slowb. Steadyc. Speedyd. Great

6. As individuals have their personality traits of being confident, sociable, empathetic, competitive in nature, similarly ______ also have their own personality traits of being disciplined, concerned, highly productive, efficient and good organizations.

a. Organizationsb. Consumersc. Employersd. Subordinates

7. The culture of an organization refers to the collective understanding or ______ that are shared by a community at large. It determines what its employees think about their organizations and to what extent the majority of employees support it.

a. Idealsb. Valuesc. Objectivesd. Ideas

8. ______ organizations are continuously developing their unique cultures in order to differentiate themselves from that of other organizations.

a. Traditionalb. Modernc. Newd. Old

9. Organization culture is the set of shared values and norms that _______ organizational member‟s interactions with each other and with people outside the organization.

a. Plansb. Directsc. Organizesd. Controls

10. Organization culture is a system where ______ , norms and principles are shared largely by all people.

a. Idealsb. Ideasc. Valuesd. Objectives

11. Organization culture defines what is “______” or “wrong”, what is “important” or “unimportant” and what is “favorable” or “unfavorable” in the company.

a. Rightb. Correctc. Yesd. Real

12. According to ______ , “organization culture is a common perception held by the organization‟s members; a system of shared meaning. ”

a. Dobsonb. Waltersc. Robbinsd. Morgan

13. According to Williams Dobson and Walters, “culture is the commonly held and relatively ______ beliefs, attitudes and values that exist within the organization.”

a. Unstableb. Balancedc. Imbalancedd. Stable

14. Gareth Morgan has described organizational culture as: "The set of ______ , values, and norms, together with symbols like dramatized events and personalities that represents the unique character of an organization, and provides the context for action in it and by it."

a. Promisesb. Beliefsc. Favoursd. Ideals

15. People working in organizations having good ______ tend to be more satisfied and productive than those who work in poor cultures.

a. Cultureb. Valuesc. Behaviourd. Attitude

16. A ______ organization is the one that is viewed as unique even if in a small manner. To have this distinguished image they need to nurture a certain culture.

a. Unsuccessfulb. Successfulc. Valuabled. Modern

17. Levels of Culture: culture is found at three levels in an organization: (a) Artifacts (b) Values and (c) Assumptions :(a) Artifacts – Artifacts that are ______ but often not interpretable

(b) Values – Things that are important to people

(c) Assumptions – The basic assumptions people make that guide and direct their behaviour or their way of life.

a. Invisibleb. Visiblec. Predictabled. Unpredictable

18. The culture of an organization is considered to be ______ when the majority of people in the organization are liable to practice the same beliefs and values that are useful to the organization.

a. Weakb. Strongc. Traditionald. Modern

19. In a ______ cultured organization, the employees respond very strongly to the values and pass it on successfully to the rest of people.

a. Weakb. Strongc. Traditional

d. Modern

20. In a ______ culture, the values are translated directly into every person’s day-to-day lives.a. Weakb. Strongc. Traditional

d. Modern

21. An organization becomes ______ in culture when its employees are not ready to support the values and beliefs of the organization.

a. Weakb. Strongc. Traditional

d. Modern

22. A culture becomes weak when ______ gets promoted over organizational interest.a. Self-respectb. Self-esteemc. Self-confidenced. Self-interest

23. IBM, in the late______ turned out to be a weak cultured organization because they started focusing only on their internal goals, were overconfident about their strategies, and to manage people and to get the work done they became bureaucratic.

a. 1910’sb. 1920’s

c. 1980’sd. 1990’s

24. It is the strong culture that is successful at translating their ______ beliefs into daily actions; weak cultures on the other hand are not able to implement their values effectively.

a. Tangibleb. Intangiblec. Abstractd. Clear

25. The best way to examine the culture of an organization is done by analyzing - the employee turnover ratio, loyalty and commitment of employees towards the contribution, the degree of interpersonal relationships and the ______ level of employees at the work place with each other.

a. Satisfactionb. Dissatisfactionc. Highd. Low

26. There are seven dimensions of organization culture that decide whether the culture is a strong or a weak one:

Innovation and risk taking

Attention to detail

Outcome orientation

People orientation

Team orientation

Aggressiveness

______

a. Balanceb. Couragec. Stabilityd. Competitiveness

27. As the growth of a ______ depends on the way it has been nurtured and given proper care by its owner, likewise the culture of an organization totally depends upon the founder who creates it and other employees who have to continuously maintain it.

a. Buildingb. Humanc. Mindd. Tree

28. Usually, the culture of an organization speaks about its founder’s ______ and aspirations. Those who are not aware about their dreams are responsible for creating a weak culture.

a. Goalsb. Wantsc. Dreamsd. Needs

29. The founders of any organization convey their values in a written and expressed form that gets shaped into the vision and mission of their company. They find those people who fit well into their organization’s values and are ready to carry it forward. The ones who prove to be ______ tend to leave the organization.

a. Challengingb. Misfitsc. Unreasonabled. Irresponsible

30. The founder recruits the top management on some criteria that support the founder’s ______.

a. Philosophiesb. Culturec. Mannersd. Education

31. The top management creates a good organization culture by using ______ process to train the other employees of the organization.

a. Modernizationb. Liberalizationc. Socializationd. Customization

32. The most important and effective method of learning culture is by telling stories to the _______ about the heroes of the organization, who have done wonders or of those people who came out with some outstanding performances.

a. Managersb. Employeesc. Directorsd. Heroes

33. ______ or ceremonies are those facets of an organization that try to create a feeling of togetherness and bonding among all the employees. This is done to bring the members close to each other and retain their values.

a. Traditionsb. Culturesc. Ritualsd. Customs

36. ______ are the most apparent way of expressing the culture of an organization. Symbols can take the form of uniforms, awards, logos, punch lines, and infrastructure etc.

a. Numbersb. Symbolsc. Codesd. Words

37. ______ Process is the process by which members learn and internalize the values, beliefs and norms of their organization.

a. Liberalization

b. Socializationc. Customizationd. Modernization

38. ______ at this stage the new comer learns about the organization from the material that is readily available or the people who he already knows are linked with the company. In due course, the individual develops his own mind frames and assumptions about the company.

a. Arrivalb. Post-arrivalc. Pre-arrivald. Entry

39. ______- the last stage of socialization symbolizes conflicts and adjustments.a. Caterpillarb. Cocoonc. Metamorphosisd. Butterfly

40. Managing diverse culture at the work place is a very tedious and ______ job. If organizations tackle it properly, they can reap the fruits of having a qualified, talented and committed workforce that can help the organization grow and shine at its peak.

a. Toughb. Easyc. Difficultd. Tiring

41. To manage the cultural ______ efficiently, company policies should be designed in such a way that they forbid discriminatory behavior. These policies must be included in the company’s manual, mission statement and in other written documents.

a. Differencesb. Diversitiesc. Boundariesd. Discriminations

42. To manage the cultural diversities efficiently, ______ programmes should be modelled in order to train people about cultural differences and to prepare them work with the other gender also.

a. Educationalb. Developmentc. Trainingd. Learning

43. To manage the cultural diversities efficiently, ______ of the performance appraisal and reward systems must be in such a way that every individual gets the chance to develop his career.

a. Patternb. Lookc. Designd. Structure

UNIT 12 Organizational Conflict

1. ______ is a natural disagreement resulting from individuals or groups that differ in attitudes, beliefs, values or needs. It can also originate from past rivalries and personality differences.

a. Fight

b. Bargaining

c. Conflict

d. Rivalry

2. ______ can also originate from past rivalries and personality differences.a. Grievanceb. Fightc. Conflictd. Rivalry

3. Causes of conflict also include trying to ______ before the timing is right or before needed information is available.

a. Bargainb. Negotiatec. Interfered. Assume

4. If the conflict is understood, it can be effectively managed by reaching a ______ that meets both the individual's and organizational needs. This results in mutual benefits and strengthens the relationship.

a. Majorityb. Minorityc. Consensusd. Agreement

5. Robbins says that, conflict is a perceived difference of values between two or more parties that results in mutual opposition. It implies both, opposing interests or goals; opposing or incompatible ______. It is a process in which A deliberately tries to offset the efforts of B by some form of blocking that will result in frustrating B in attaining his goals or frustrating his interests.

a. Culturesb. Interestsc. Goalsd. Behaviour

6. Conflict can be defined as a ______ in which one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, some thing that the first party cares about.

a. Situationb. Dispute c. Processd. Response

7. We all have some or other ______ with conflict management and negotiation, in various disputes of our life, such as, with a salesman, among family members, with colleagues or with our employer.

a. Practiceb. Experiencec. Situationd. Phenomenon

8. ______ can be within an individual, between two individuals, within a team or group of individuals or between two or more groups / teams within an organization.

a. Disputeb. Negotiation

c. Confrontationd. Conflict

9. When people have different interpretations of the same thing then there can be conflict, which is known as conflict of ______.

a. Goalsb. Ideasc. Aimsd. Objectives

10. Conflict is incompatible in nature. It occurs when ______ or more people have mutually exclusive goals to be achieved.

a. Twob. Threec. Fourd. Five

11. Conflict is deliberate. Conflict exists when some negative ______ is shown intentionally.a. Attitudeb. Behaviourc. Mannersd. Action

12. Conflict is based on ______. It arises when people have differences in the interpretation of facts.a. Situationb. Misunderstandingc. Confrontationd. Perception

13. The ______ ______ approach considers conflict as an organizational abnormality. This approach says that conflict is always negative, it upsets the proper functioning of the organization and creates chaos. So it should be avoided at any cost.

a. Interactionist viewb. Classical conflictc. Behaviourald. Classical view

14. The ______ approach also believes that conflict is harmful and it should be avoided. However, they accept the fact that conflict is natural in all the organizations.


15. There is one more view, which is known as ______ ______. It believes that conflict is inevitable. It is a normal aspect of an organization. It is not bad or good for the organization.


16. According to S. P. Robbins, “While the behavioural approach accepted conflict, the interactionist view encourages conflict on the grounds that a harmonious, peaceful, tranquil and cooperative group is prone to becoming static, apathetic and nonresponsive to ______ for change and innovation.”

a. Needsb. Wantsc. Desiresd. Inclination

17. In every organization conflict begins with ______ conflict. Conflict can be created by any unexpected incident such as change in direction of the organization or over loaded employee being given another project, or promise of salary increase which was not implemented etc.

a. Latentb. Perceivedc. Feltd. Manifest

18. At ______ level the conflict arises as a misunderstanding between two parties. This misunderstanding can be resolved by improved communication.


19. At this stage both the parties start highlighting the ______ conflict. They are emotionally involved and focus on differences of opinion. Here emotion becomes very important because negative emotion leads to low trust and wrong perception of the other party, and positive emotion will lead to more balanced behaviour in that particular situation.


20. The ______ conflict becomes obvious to every body or we can say it is a stage of open confrontation, where both the groups/ parties show aggression and act towards achieving their own goal and destroying the other party.


21. If the conflict is handled properly then it can help in developing great cooperation between the employees, and if not then it will lead to ______ and negative sentiments.

a. Happinessb. Frustrationc. Anxietyd. Joy

22. Conflict is a very big ______ so we need to keep it at minimum.a. Barrierb. Issuec. Situationd. Obstacle

23. The proper management of organizational conflict needs an understanding of the nature and the source of conflict at the ______ ______.

a. Stadiumb. Shopping centerc. Work placed. House

24. There is no such direct relationship between interdependence and conflict, but it is said thatInterdependence ______ the chance of conflict.

a. Decreasesb. Increasesc. Reducesd. Minimizes

25. When ______ have very little interaction with each other, but can be affected by each other’s action, then it is known as pooled interdependence.

a. Teamsb. Groupsc. Organizationsd. Departments

26. When the output of one department becomes the input of another department, it is known as ______ interdependence.

a. Reciprocalb. Sequentialc. Pooledd. Departmental

27. When two or more people are mutually interdependent in accomplishing the task, it is known as ______ interdependence. They share information and resources.

a. Reciprocalb. Sequentialc. Pooledd. Departmental

28. A person with a ______ degree of specialization will not give importance to the advice of others. Not only this, he will not be aware of the other areas.

a. High

b. Low

c. Equal

d. Zero

29. Competitive incentive and ______ system can be one of the causes of inter- group conflict.a. Rewardb. Awardc. Benefitd. Prize

30. No two people are the same. There are certain people who consider themselves as ______. They are achievement oriented and hard working. These people are not aware of the feelings of others. They are highly critical of others, which create stress among others and leads to conflict.

a. Imperfectionistsb. Perfectionistsc. Communistsd. Misfits

31. A clear line of ______ and responsibility is very important for any organization.a. Roleb. Characterc. Actiond. Management

32. The ______ of an individual plays a very important role in creating perception. Different people have different expectations, and when they are not fulfilled, it generates conflict.

a. Behaviourb. Attitudec. Personality

d. Importance

33. ______ conflict is the most difficult type of conflict. It is internal to an individual and the result of internal frustration and tensions.

a. Approach avoidanceb. Avoidance-avoidancec. Intrapersonald. Inter group

34. ______ ______ conflict occurs when one person receives different messages from two role senders, and he is unable to meet different expectations.

a. Approach avoidanceb. Avoidance-avoidancec. Intrapersonald. Intra role

35. _______ ______ conflict arises when a person has to perform a task which is against his value system.a. Approach avoidanceb. Person rolec. Intrapersonald. Intra role

36. ______ conflict: It is a situation when an individual has two desirable things and one has to be chosen over the other. For example, you get two equally attractive job offers and you have to choose any one of them.

a. Approach avoidanceb. Person rolec. Approach-approachd. Intra role

37. When a person has to choose between two negative situations, he faces ______ conflict. For example your present job is low paying, but the other job is in another city, which requires relocation.

a. Approach avoidanceb. Person rolec. Aviodance-avoidanced. Intra role

38.In ______ conflict situation a person has to choose between two goals in which one is positive and another one is negative for example you are offered a very good job but at a remote location.

a. Approach avoidanceb. Person rolec. Aviodance-avoidanced. Intra role

39. The conflict between groups or departments is known as ______ ______ conflict.a. Inter organizationalb. Intra rolec. Inter group d. Intra group

40. ______ ______ conflict is conflict between two or more organizations.a. Inter organizational b. Intra rolec. Inter d. Intra group

41. Which conflict handling strategy can be adopted where people use fight, argument even physical aggression to achieve their goal

a. Avoidingb. Accommodating

c. Compromisingd. Handling

42. Which conflict handling strategy can be adopted where people try to ignore arguments and disagreements?

a. Avoidingb. Accommodatingc. Compromisingd. Competing

43. ______ is a conflict handling strategy where there is a win-win position for both the parties, where people share information, try to listen to others and show cooperation.

a. Avoidingb. Accommodatingc. Collaboratingd. Competing

44. ______ is a conflict handling strategy which uses compromise and bargaining. This is a traditional method of conflict handling where both the parties are losing.

a. Avoidingb. Accommodatingc. Compromisingd. Competing

45. ______ is a situation when you withdraw from a conflict. It may be withdrawing from a promotion, from a relationship with a group or from a fight for resources.

a. Dominanceb. Withdrawalc. Compromised. Appeal

46. ______ ______ is an approach which can be useful in a situation when two parties can attain their goal without interaction with each other.

a. Dominanceb. Withdrawalc. Physical separationd. Appeal

47. _______ ______ ______is a method which can come up with solutions which are accepted by both the parties. Both the parties work for mutually accepted solutions.

a. Dominanceb. Withdrawalc. Physical separationd. Integrated problem solving

48. ______ is a method in which the manager uses his power and forces the trouble maker to leave the company. He sometimes tries to separate the conflicting groups, so that a more powerful solution can be obtained.

a. Dominanceb. Withdrawalc. Physical separationd. Integrated problem solving

49.______ involves continuous interaction and dialogue between the groups in order to find a solution with maximum advantage to both.

a. Compromiseb. Understandingc. Negotiationd. Dealing

50. Members should open up to each other, because ______ can help in solving the conflict.a. Opennessb. Closenessc. Transparencyd. Clarity

51. A ______ party intervention can be done if both the parties are not moving towards the solution.a. Secondb. Fourthc. Thirdd. First

52. ______ members should clarify all the doubts and show their genuine commitment.a. Clubb. Organizationalc. Familyd. Group

UNIT 13 Power and Politics

1. We as students of organizational behavior must accept that ______ and politics are impossible to eliminate, and are essential to bring about positive changes and achieve just and principled objectives.

a. Strengthb. Powerc. Healthd. Wealth

2. ______ power is all around us. We find it in families, schools, organizations, administration. Wherever you notice leadership, guidance, management, persuasion, coercing, forcing or selling, you actually witness power in action.

a. Socialb. Politicalc. Economicd. Financial

3. The reason is that the ______ cooperation and harmonization that we seek is not possible without influence (power). The quality of life that we have today, is the direct result of the power that some have over others in various organizations.

a. Socialb. Politicalc. Economicd. Financial

4. The challenge managers face is to ensure that positive ______ comes about in an organization through the positive face of power.

a. Transformationb. Inspirationc. Motivationd. Action

5. ______ is defined (Salanick and Pfeffer, 1971) as the “ability of those who possess power to bring about the outcome they desire”.

a. Politicsb. Economicsc. Ethicsd. Power

6. Later in 1987 Pfeiffer defined ______ as the “capability of one social actor to overcome resistance in achieving a desired objective.”

a. Politicsb. Economicsc. Ethicsd. Power

7. According to Robbins power is the capacity that A has to influence the ______ of B.a. Lifeb. Behaviourc. Actiond. Goal

8. Power is often confused with ______ , influence and control. It is related to all the three but is different.

a. Responsibilityb. Accountabilityc. Authorityd. Majority

9. ______ is the behavioral reaction to the exercise of power.a. Powerb. Influencec. Authorityd. Control

10. ______ is the definitive form of influence and is achieved when acceptable behavior is specified, and those under the influence are barred from behaving otherwise.

a. Powerb. Influencec. Authorityd. Control

11. Power and ______ are very similar, but are at the same time different. Authority refers to the formal power.

a. Powerb. Influencec. Authorityd. Control

12. Technically speaking, there can be authority without power; power without authority and power along with ______.

a. Power

b. Influencec. Authorityd. Control

13. Authority is a right – legal or ______. Power on the other hand is the ability to influence others.

a. Legalb. Illegalc. Formald. Informal

14. ______ is linked to managers, whereas power is associated with leadership. a. Powerb. Influencec. Authorityd. Control

15. Authority is a narrow concept as one may have no ______ despite having all the authority. Power on the other hand is a broader concept and includes authority.

a. Authority b. Influencec. Power d. Control

16. Authority is a positional attribute whereas ______ is purely a personal attribute. a. Authority b. Powerc. Influenced. Control

17. Legitimate power is derived from the socio – ______ rights of a manager. He holds power by virtue of his position. Power in this case therefore is positional and not personal. If a person is removed from that position he loses all the power.

a. Illegalb. Economicc. Legald. Cultural

18. ______ power is very high in armed forces because of the nature of the organization and the criticality that its task demands.

a. Illegalb. Economicc. Legitimated. Social

19. To make ______ power effective, power should be exercised discretely and sensitivities of subordinates should be kept in mind.

a. Illegal

b. legitimatec. economicd. Social

20. ______ power is respected a lot as any lack of respect for it leads to anarchy and chaos.a. Illegitimateb. legitimatec. economicd. Social

21. ______ power is linked to the person and not to the position. Such leaders are very effective during a crisis or when a transition is taking place.

a. Connectionb. Expertc. Rewardd. Charismatic

22. ______ power is a result of specific skill, knowledge or expertise that a person has. Others accept the recommendation of such a person because they trust his or her expertise.


23. An individual who controls the ______ or rewarding system also has lot of influence on others. People are willing to follow him because they expect to be rewarded.


24. A manager having access to the most important ______ wields immense power. a. Informationb. Expertc. Coercived. Charismatic

25. ______power is derived from the ability to punish others. Such a power is legitimate and is needed by managers to deal with unproductive, disturbing and anti-social elements in the organization.

a. Informationb. Expertc. Coercived. Charismatic

26. In a ______ power very often a person is able to exercise power over others because of the number and quality of connections he has. A person who carefully develops important networks is able to enjoy substantial power.


27. Expert and ______ powers, are considered better than formal, reward and coercive powers. This is so because personal powers are more effective and long lasting. They also bring better satisfaction and commitment.


28. In itself, therefore, politics is neither good nor bad. Politics too is ______ and ever presenting all organizations, as power is.

a. Naturalb. Unnaturalc. Normald. Abnormal

29. Use of illegitimate means and illegitimate objectives makes politics ______.a. Goodb. Badc. Worsed. Better

30. Pfeffer maintained that for the effective and efficient functioning of an organization, ______ is essential and indispensable.

a. Politicsb. Powerc. Conflictd. Culture

31. ______ define organizational politics as involvement in intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups.

a. Mayes and Allenb. French and Bellc. Farrel and Peretrsend. Pfeffer

32. ______ defined organizational politics as the management of influence to obtain ends not sanctioned by the organization or to obtain ends through non sanctioned influence. Both these definitions imply that politics is negative and undesirable.


33. ______ defined political behavior in organizations as activities that are not required as part of one‟s formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.


34. Political ______ includes controlling the flow of information, forming coalitions, whistle-blowing, spreading rumors, leaking confidential information, exchanging favours and lobbying in support of or against an individual or a group.

a. Behaviourb. Attitudec. Mannersd. Ettiquettes

35. Legitimate ______ includes, making complaints, by-passing the chain of command, building coalitions, obstructing decisions by inaction.

a. Behaviourb. Attitudec. Mannersd. Ettiquettes

36. Organizations generally______ (or even encourage) legitimate political activities, but take decisive action against illegitimate activities as they threaten the very basis of the organization.

a. Permitb. Discouragec. Discontinued. Stop

37. Political ______ cannot be eliminated, but it needs to be managed properly to take advantage of its positive aspects and reduce the possibility of its negative impact.

a. Manners b. Attitudec. Behaviour d. Ettiquettes

38. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end where there is involvement of people to reach a desired decision or to bring about desired change?

a. Consultationb. Rational persuasionc. Inspirational appeald. Coalition strategy

39.Which Strategy is used to achieve political end which involves convincing others by reason, logic, information etc.?


40. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end where support is sought by appealing to higher ideals, values or emotions of others?


41. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at times we make others appear important, trustworthy or good, with a view to make them accept our point of view or request?

a. Consultationb. Rational persuasionc. Ingratiating strategyd. Coalition strategy

42. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at times individuals and groups collaborate with each other to achieve the desired end?

a. Consultationb. Rational persuasionc. Ingratiating strategyd. Coalition strategy

43. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at use of threats, intimidation or harmful consequences to gain support?

a. Consultationb. Rational persuasionc. Ingratiating strategyd. Pressure strategy

44. Which Strategy , involves seeking support of top level executives?a. Upward appealb. Rational persuasionc. Ingratiating strategyd. Pressure strategy

45. Which Strategy favours or promises of favour are offered on exchange basis, to achieve desired the objective?

a. Upward appealb. Exchange strategyc. Ingratiating strategyd. Pressure strategy

46. Which Strategy is used where it means making efforts to create a positive image for oneself?

a. Image Buildingb. Rule manipulationc. Ingratiating strategyd. Pressure strategy

47. Which Strategy , where putting the blame for a failure on others and taking credit for any success?

a. Upward appeal

b. Rule manipulationc. Ingratiating strategyd. Escapegoating

UNIT 14 Introduction to groups and teams.

1. The early cave ______ realized the importance of a group and created it for his safe and secure survival.

a. Manb. Womanc. Persond. Group

2. “______ is a social animal” and prefers to live in a group rather than in isolation.a. Manb. Womanc. Persond. Group

3. Every ______ is a member of one or the other group and performs his activities within these groups.

a. individualb. employeec. laborerd. employer

4. The behaviour of ______ is largely influenced by the type of group they belong to.a. Manb. Womanc. Peopled. Group

5. Social needs are among the most important and powerful motivating forces that prevail on the job. For the satisfaction of these social needs, ______ tend to form small groups in the job place.

a. Manb. Workers c. Peopled. Group

6. ______ perform many of the activities in the workplace, and these can have a significant and positive impact on individual work performance.

a. Manb. Workers c. Peopled. Groups

7. Communication and interaction, whether in a group or team, have many advantages, but some limitations too. They offer the opportunity for better decision-making and for the ______ a sense of belongingness.

a. Manb. Workers c. Membersd. Group

8. In today’s modern era, even ______ recognize the benefits of having teams at their work places, as they are helpful in outperforming the individuals.

a. Menb. Workers c. Peopled. Organizations

9. A ______ can be defined as a collection of two or more people who have a common explicit goal and interact with each other for achieving the goal; members are aware of each other and perceive themselves to be a part of the group.

a. Organization b. Workers c. Membersd. Group

10. According to ______ , “A group is a set of two or more individuals who are jointly characterized by a network of relevant communications, a shared sense of collective identity and one or more shared dispositions with associated normative strength.”

a. Kreitner & Kinickib. Kreitnerc. David H. Smithd. David & Kinicki

11. According to ______ a group is, “A collection of people who interact for a common purpose, and between whose members there is interdependency.”

a. Kreitner & Kinickib. Kreitnerc. David H. Smithd. David & Kinicki

12. ______ is the degree to which any individual member can rely on others to reach the group goals.

a. Dependencyb. Outerdependencyc. Interdependencyd. Ultradependency

13. Every ______ of the family contributes according to his/her capacities. We have faith in the decisions taken by our parents, for food we depend on our mother, for sharing views and playing, we need our siblings; spouses also support each other for the benefit of the family, etc.

a. Workerb. Memberc. Employee

d. Lady

16. ______ are able to utilize individual talents and resources in a better way. a. Workersb. Membersc. Employeesd. Groups

17. You must be aware of the fact that human beings are blind towards their own mistakes. Hence, if we are working in a group, these ______ can be identified by other members of the group and thus, can be rectified immediately.

a. Errorsb. Correctionsc. Mistakesd. Attitudes

18. ______ give a direction to their members and continuously insist on achieving the objectives.

a. Workersb. Membersc. Employeesd. Groups

19. It is through ______ that the members are able to satisfy their social needs.a. Workersb. Groups c. Employeesd. Members

20. Groups facilitates good quality of decision making, since we all know that “ten brains are always better than one”, and once a fair decision has been taken, it also increases the ______ of members towards it.

a. Loyaltyb. Attractionc. Qualityd. Affinity

21. A group, specially the ______ ones, provides a platform to the employees for releasing their frustration in front of their friends or peers, which people cannot do in front of their seniors.

a. Big b. Informalc. Formald. Small

22. ______ are helpful in sustaining cultural values, as people tend to celebrate each other‟s happy occasions together.

a. Workersb. Groups c. Employeesd. Members

23. Due to the involvement of many ______ , taking decisions in a group becomes a very time consuming process.

a. Groupb. Individualc. Peopled. Men

24. ______ often lack individual accountability for mistakes. a. Groupsb. Individualsc. Peopled. Men

25. ______ conformity becomes very high, as the members are pressurized to obey the group norms instead of the organizational norms.

a. People b. Individualc. Group d. Men

26. It becomes difficult to make any ______ responsible for getting or not getting the work done. a. People b. Individualc. Person d. Men

27. The synergy level of groups is generally neutral or ______ because members are more committed towards their individual outcome.

a. Positiveb. Negativec. Equald. Zero

28. The level of interdependence is very ______ as people are more inclined towards achieving their own goals and receiving the rewards. This even leads to lack of sharing information.

a. Lowb. Mediumc. Highd. Extreme

30. ______ groups are a very important source of information. If one member of the group has any information, he can spread it to all other members very quickly.

a. Bigb. Smallc. Mediumd. Little

31. Working in ______ results in higher motivation of the employees and thus, yields job satisfaction.

a. Organizations b. Offices

c. Groupsd. Shops

32. ______ groups are those groups, which are purposely created by the management for achieving some of its objectives. According to Chester I. Barnard, it is “a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons.”

a. Formalb. Informalc. Bigd. Small

33. ______ management, for achieving its goals, creates formal groups.a. Topb. Bottomc. Middled. Organizational

34. In order to ensure efficiency in all its operations, the organizational structure of formal groups is based on the principle of division of ______.

a. Labourb. Workersc. Mend. Women

35. In formal groups, the emphasis is laid on getting the job done and no concern is shown towards the ______ who perform these jobs.

a. Menb. Womenc. Workersd. Individuals

36. ______ groups have their own hierarchies of authority and responsibility, which are to be followed by everyone in the organization.

a. Informalb. Formalc. Efficientd. Effective

37. ______ groups are specified by the organizational chart and often consist of a supervisor and the subordinates who report to that supervisor. In a command group, the subordinates are responsible to carry out the orders given by the seniors and continuously have to report to them.

a. Task b. Functionalc. Commandd. Informal

38. An ______ group consists of people having some common interest. These members may not be part of the same organizational department, but they come together because of some common interest.

a. Interestb. Disinterest

c. Favorited. Functional

39. Members who enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs, religious values, or other common bonds form ______ groups. These groups may even cross the organization boundaries and extend outside the organization.

a. Taskb. Commandc. Referenced. Friendship

40. Individuals for their self-evaluation create ______ groups.a. Taskb. Commandc. Referenced. Friendship

41. According to Cherrington, the main purposes of ______ groups are social validation and social comparison.

a. Taskb. Commandc. Referenced. Friendship

42. The initial stage of group development is marked as the forming stage. As the name depicts, “______” means the initial formation of the group. In this stage, the group members are brought together on one platform.

a. Formingb. Stormingc. Normingd. Performing

43. ______ the fourth stage of group development is the action stage where every member starts performing this/her assigned duties.

a. Formingb. Stormingc. Normingd. Performing

44. At ______ stage, the members are expected to break off their socialties and go back to their original work places.

a. Adjourningb. Stormingc. Normingd. Performing

45. According to Katzenbach and Smith, a team is, “A ______ number of people with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach, for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”

a. Bigb. Large

c. Wided. Small

47. Nowadays, almost every ______ insists on having teams as it speeds up the work, increases mutual trust and co-operation, and yields creative ideas because of the existence of multiskilled people.

a. familyb. sportsteamc. organizationd. college

48. The members of ______ teams are geographically dispersed across the organization/nation or world.

a. virtualb. cross-functionalc. self-managingd. problem-solving

49. The main aim of ______ teams is to work out the problem and provide suggestions to it. However, these teams rarely are given the authority to implement any of their suggested actions.


50.______ teams consist of employees from the same hierarchical levels, but from different sections/units/ departments of the organization.


UNIT 15 Communication Skills

1. In such a ______ world where there is a scarcity of jobs and abundance of labour, and we are not equipped enough to get the right job, other candidates better than us would out-perform in this race and we will be left without one.

a. competitiveb. bigc. smalld. abundant

2. Job ______ plays a vital role in getting an employment of your desire. It helps the employer to choose the right candidate for the right job for his organization.

a. analysisb. interviewc. descriptiond. opportunities

3. The increase in population with specialized education and training, as well as ______ of the world economy, has given more opportunity for the job seekers to look out for a suitable job.

a. globalizationb. privatizationc. specializationd. liberalization

4. The organizations seek to get candidates who are ______ , challenging and meet their expectations. Moreover, the positions have become demanding, and responsibilities required for a particular job position have gone broader than the past.

a. experiencedb. inexperiencedc. strongd. weak

5. With the business growing ______ , companies are competing with themselves to keep their share of market.

a. universallyb. globallyc. intentionallyd. purposefully

6. Due to the ______ of human resource and competent individuals, the job market has become very stringent and narrow.

a. abundanceb. scarcityc. typesd. styles

7. As seen from the past, interviewing a ______ and getting the right one has improved in leaps and bounds.

a. candidateb. employeesc. membersd. students

8. Most organizations have competent people in their recruitment departments who are always in the look out for the best ______ from the market.

a. candidateb. employeec. memberd. student

9. Many ______ agencies have also come up to help the multinationals in getting the right candidate because time constraint and lack of adequate manpower have become major issues to be discussed nowadays.

a. internalb. externalc. internationald. national

10. Originally the word “interview” is derived from “intrevue”, which means “sight between two people.” It can be defined as a ______ conversation between two individuals with a predetermined purpose involving question answer session.

a. unplannedb. plannedc. usefuld. unimportant

11. A job ______ requires planning in order to achieve an effective result. a. interviewb. analysisc. descriptiond. constraints

12. The purpose of a job ______ is to achieve certain objectives. a. interviewb. analysisc. descriptiond. constraints

13. As ______ people communicate between themselves, interview is a formal conversation between the job applicant and the recruiter or member of the selection committee.

a. twob. threec. fourd. five

14. Interview can be on one – to – one interaction or a panel ______ where you have more than one interviewer.

a. analysisb. recruitingc. selectiond. interview

15.______ is a process is not to make the candidate tensed or unpleasant, rather make it more open to him so that he is able to express his potential and his views clearly on the subject.

a. informalityb. formalityc. conversationd. purpose

16. ______ interview is a process is very common for the recruiter if the recruitment is to be done in bulk for a number of posts. They generally visit colleges to interview students passing out of college.

a. walk in interviewb. face to facec. telephonicd. campus

17.______ is a process, the employer advertises in the leading newspaper or job portals inviting the candidates to apply for the job, giving a clear description about the job profile, the experience required and the salary to be remunerated to him.


18. ______ interview is a process, the applications are received either through advertisements, reference or consultants.


19. ______ interview as the name suggests, is an interview is conducted over telephone if the candidate is living in a far of city, away from the place where the interviewer would conduct the interview.

a. Telephonicb. Face to facec. Walk in interview

d. Campus

20. In a______ interview interview, the interviewer does not ask any hypothetical questions to the candidate. He specifically asks what role the candidate played during the situation or how he reacted or what was the outcome.

a. telephonicb. face to facec. behavioural

d. campus

21.______ ______ is done to see the problem-solving skills of the candidates. A live situation is given and the candidate is asked about his views regarding the case. It is actually to find out that the candidate is applying his thoughts, skills and experience to actually solve the problem.

a. case interviewb. face to facec. walk in interview

d. campus

22. ______ interview is a pressure interview where the candidate is judged on how he can handle pressure jobs. It can be argumentative, controversial or unfriendly.

a. Case interviewb. Face to facec. Walk in interview

d. Stress

23. Sometimes it so happens that in order to judge the ______ temperant level, the interviewer can subject him to a stressful interview where the candidate might be asked pointed question specially designed to unsettle him, give a hostile situation and ask him how he would react or deliberately intercept him and criticize his views.

a. candidate’sb. worker’sc. employee’sd. student’s

24. A ______ should do a critical examination about his professional background and educational qualification. It has been seen that a candidate is very good in his educational qualification, but he may not have the right background to do the job.

a. candidateb. workerc. employeed. student

25. An accomplishment should be expressed articulately in order to let the ______ know how important was the role you had played during your stay in school / college/ university or the last organization.

a. employerb. workerc. employeed. student

26. If a ______ does not have the required skills, he should try to find out techniques for adapting these skills to fit the job as desired.

a. employeeb. workerc. candidated. student

27. A ______ should do a thorough research of the organization where he is going to be interviewed. This is because he should be aware about what business it is into, recent expansion to be taken, new projects to be ventured, company rating in national or globallevel, work culture, financial turnover, and introduction of new products, organization structure and his interest in the company.

a. workerb. employeec. candidated. student

28. Job ______ is done to provide the total information about the job. The applicant should have a clear idea about the job of what it is, what responsibilities to be handled, whom to report, challenges to be faced, professional knowledge required, areas of expertise and career prospective in future.

a. analysisb. appraisalc. evaluationd. interviews

29. It is always suggested that an applicant should always have a good ______, confidence and clarity about his own subject. A candidate should do a preparation of the subject he has studied, look into the latest developments, and get an idea of the general knowledge regarding political, social, economic or an environmental issues.

a. informationb. knowledgec. confidenced. attitude

30. A proper ______ demands a professional approach. A proper interview file should contain reference papers, merit certificates, covering letter, educational credentials, experience certificates and resume.

a. interviewb. appraisalc. evaluationd. training

31. The word ______ is derived from a French word, which means “ticket” or label. It was used formally in court where people were required to behave properly and follow certain code of conduct.

a. behaviourb. attitudec. etiquetted. manner

32. Today ______ came to be known as a “code for social behavior”. In simple terms, it is the manners and behaviour we follow or maintain in our social work life.

a. behaviourb. attitudec. etiquetted. manner

33. It is to be noted that a candidate not only has to know about the manners and etiquettes practiced at work place, but should also be well ______ and maintain personal hygiene.

a. manicuredb. pedicuredc. groomedd. styled

34. Flexibility to work in a ______ , tactful in using words, which do not lead to unnecessary controversies or arguing with an interviewer should be practiced.

a. teamb. organizationc. officed. home

35. In ______ questions The main purpose is to ask the candidate to talk about something and encourage him to speak about a topic forcing him to think out of the box.

a. closedb. open c. probingd. hypothetical

36.In ______ questions the questions are closed and the candidates are asked to provide specific information or facts.

a. closedb. open c. leadingd. hypothetical

37. ______ questions is an advanced form of closed question, where the interviewer wants to probe deeply for more clarification and explanation on the subject. Actually, he wants to know his decision about the subject, which is being discussed.

a. probingb. open c. leadingd. hypothetical

38. ______ questions are generally asked by the interviewer to find out the candidate's reaction to a certain situation he described or what steps he had taken in such a situation and why.

a. hypotheticalb. open

c. leadingd. closed

39. A ______ should be a good listener before he gives his answer to the question. He should understand the question and then respond accordingly.

a. listenerb. readerc. candidated. person

40. A ______ should give more attention to date, place, person and time. If he has forgotten, then he should not mention it rather than bluffing the interviewer. It is better to accept the wrong, rather to give a wrong answer.

a. listenerb. readerc. candidated. person

41. The answer given by the candidate should be ______ and to the point. He should not brag over a certain matter, which might make the interviewer think twice and ask him a question regarding it.

a. briefb. detailc. shortd. long

42. It should be practiced that a ______ should always try to give only the required information asked by the interviewer. The more convincing answers a candidate gives, helps the interviewer to choose the right candidate.

a. candidateb. studentc. intervieweed. interviewer

43. A ______ should try to behave more positively rather than bargain or argue with the interviewer on a certain issue. It is always advisable to remain calm and be positive.

a. studentb. intervieweec. interviewerd. candidate

44. A candidate should always think in a ______ way and be rational about making decision. It reflects one’s personality and leadership quality.

a. rationalb. logicalc. normald. abnormal

Continued Organizational Behaviour:

UNIT 15

1. ______ is a reality of life which every individual has to to accept in order to survive, and we must try to cope with it.

a. Changeb. Development c. Educationd. Training

2. Change is a multi dimensional ______. Organizational change can be any type of change in strategy, culture, structure, task, technology or even change in employees.

a. processb. systemc. situationd. solution

3. Organizational change is a process by which organizations move from their ______ state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness.

a. pastb. presentc. futured. early

4. When change activities are ______ and goal oriented then it is known as planned change.a. intentionalb. naturalc. legald. controlled

5. The main ______ of a planned change in the organization is to improve the ability of the organization to adapt to changes in the environment.

a. goalb. problemc. decisiond. story

6. People who act as ______ and assume the responsibility for managing change activities are called change agents.

a. negotiatorb. mediatorc. catalystsd. strategists

7. ______ changes are gradual, incremental, and specifically focused.a. Revolutionaryb. Evolutionaryc. Dictionaryd. Stationary

8. Revolutionary change is ______ , drastic, and organization-wide.a. suddenb. gradualc. slowd. natural

9. Changing the organization’s structure or its structural components is known as _____change.a. technological

b. structuralc. automationd. workforce

10. Adopting new equipment or operating methods that displace old skills and require new ones is called ______ change.

a. structuralb. technologicalc. automationd. workforce

11. Replacing certain tasks done by people with machines is ______ change. a. structuralb. technologicalc. automationd. workforce

12. Changing attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviour of the ______ .a. structuralb. technologicalc. automationd. workforce

13. Economic, political, and global forces affect organizations by forcing them to change the ______ they adopt for producing goods and services.

a. processb. stylec. behaviord. attitude

14. Changes in the composition of the workforce and the increasing ______ of employees has presented many challenges for organizations. Managing diversity has become a challenge for the organization.

a. diversityb. similarityc. numberd. competition

15. It is very important for an organization to take steps to promote______ behaviour.a. ethicalb. unethicalc. ruded. strange

16. The employees should be encouraged to report ______ behaviour.a. ethicalb. unethicalc. rightd. proper

17. For a planned change it is important that the benefits of change be measurable and ______ changes should be recognized.

a. positiveb. negativec. zerod. balanced

18. Some of the organizations believe in _____ risks so they will not like to change if the a. maximizingb. minimizing

c. cancellingd. magnifying

19. When people do not have ______ information they substitute it with speculation and guesses, which are mostly negative and fearsome.

a. faultyb. adequatec. wrongd. false

20. ______ are very difficult to break or to form.a. Objectsb. Metalsc. Habitsd. Decision

21. Very often workers do not see the benefits of change and consider it ______ and unreasonable.

a. fairb. unfairc. reasonabled. legal

22. One of the change agents are ______ who are also called internal entrepreneurs.a. managersb. non managersc. outside consultantsd. outside managers

23. One of the change agents are ______ who are change specialists.a. managersb. non managersc. outside consultantsd. outside managers

24. One of the change agents are ______ who are the experts who implement change.a. managersb. non managersc. outside consultantsd. outside managers

25. State true or false :1. One of the causes for a need to change organizational structure is to allow expansion in the foreign market.2. One of the causes for a need to change organizational structure os to adapt to different types of national structures.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Td.1.F 2.F

26. State true or false:1. People resist change due to the ambiguity and certainty that change introduces.2. People resist change due to the comfort of new habits.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Td.1.F 2.F

27. State true or false:

1. People resist change due to a concern over personal loss of status, money, authority, friendships, and personal convenience.2. People resist change due to lack information.

a.1.T 2.Tb.1.T 2.Fc.1.F 2.Td.1.F 2.F

28.______ is very often in the root of our fears and apprehension. Therefore we can address them through education and communication.

a. Ignoranceb. Arrogancec. Lazinessd. Happiness

29. If individuals and groups themselves are involved in the designing and implementation of ______ , they overcome their feeling of uncertainity and helplessness.

a. changeb. technologyc. strategyd. ideas

30. People will give up resistance to ______ if and when they feel empowered.a. changeb. technologyc. strategyd. ideas

31. ______ means asking resistant groups to accept changes by providing them with benefits they desire, along with a non-influential role in the process.

a. Co-operationb. Corporationc. Co-optationd. Communication

32. The ______ management on the basis of observation or discussion, decides about change management and it leads to the hiring of a change consultant.

a. topb. bottomc. middled. right

33. In the process of change at ______ stage the management tries to search for the major cause which needs attention while bringing about a change in the organization.

a. diagnosisb. initiationc. motivationd. collection

34. In the process of change at ______ stage the management and the expert, take necessary action to involve people from all levels of the organization.

a. diagnosisb. initiationc. motivationd. collection

35. In the process of change at ______ stage, the whole structure of the proposal is prepared, so that any problem cn be identified and solved.

a. action proposal

b. diagnosisc. initiationd. motivation

36. In the process of change at ______ stage is where all the ideas or proposals are converted into action.

a. implementationb. initiationc. motivationd. collection

37. In the process of change at ______ stage change is internalized, and it becomes an important part of the organization.

a. implementationb. stabilizationc. motivationd. collection

38. It is said that ______ ______ is a technique which helps two interdependent groups explore their perceptions and relations in order to improve their work interactions.

a. organization developmentb. organization changec. organization structured, organization work

39. According to Pareek, “ OD is a ______ effort initiated by process specialists to help an organization develop its diagnostic skills, coping capabilities, linkage strategies, in the form of temporary and semi-permanent systems,and a culture of mutuality”.

a. plannedb. controlledc. strategicd. casual

40. An organizational intervention is a ______ structural group of activities designed to achieve the goals of OD.

a. plannedb. controlledc. strategicd. casual

41. Several OD interventions have been developed, which help in ______ resource building.a. internalb.externalc, properd. periodical

Org. Beh. (Seema Ma'm New)

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