OREGON CASCADES

OREGON

CASCADES

Direction for Management

Three Oregon Cascade Queens - theNorth, Middle and South Sisters - andneighboring Broken Top, dominate thismid-winter aerial view southward. Fromleft, North Sister (10,085 feet); Brokenlop (9,173 feet); Middle Sister (10,047feet); and South Sister (10,358 feet).

Photo by Jcrr C Vmc",

U. S. Department of AgricultureForest Service

PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION

On The CoverThe Three Sisters, cloaked in the first snow of autumn,

are mirrored in Scott Lake, near McKenzie Pass.

Marion Lake Mt. JeffersonWilderness.

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CONTENTS

Inside Back Cover

Waldo Lake

All phoogrophs by the Forest Service unless otherwise noted.

Big Lake and Mt. Washington

Page

Foreword 4

Introduction 6

Wilderness 10

Study Zone 14

Map

Special Interest Zone

16, 17

18

Recreation Occupancy Zone 20

Alpine Zone 24

Landscape Management Zone 26

Lands of Many Uses 28

Statistical Summary 31, 32,

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FOREWORDThe Cascade Mountain Range, extending through Central

Oregon from north to south, is dramatic country. Nature hasfashioned a spectacular presentation on a land mass createdby volcanic activity through the centuries. The mountainpeaks, overlaid with patches of snow and wisps of clouds;the lakes, the timber, the wildlife and the wildflowers, excitethe emotions of all who see them.

For more than half a century most of this area has beenwithin the National Forests. From the time the NationalForests were established, the Forest Service has recognizedthe great attraction of the region; and plans and managementactions were designed to harmonize with Nature's abundantofferings. Over the years, with study, observation and ex-perience, a definite pattern of land use was evolved. Thepattern has the benefit of widespread fitting and testing onthe ground and extensive counsel from the interested public.This booklet will acquaint interested observers with manage-ment for the Oregon Cascades as practiced by the Forest Service.

Opinions continue to be sought and welcomed. Wheneveropinions and experience indicate changes are desirable, theywill be made. The changes will be determined by the publicinterest and welfare, and by the best determination of howland use can be adjusted so that this great area will serve itshighest purpose most effectively for all the people.

Internationally known Timberline Lodgeon Mt. Hood.

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MCHAS. A. CONNAUGHTONRegional ForesterPacific Northwest RegionDecember 1, 1968

Ant-like figures of climbers approachthe summit of 11,235-foot Mt. Hood, themost climbed major mountain peak inAmerica, if not the world.

INTRODUCTION

Reverie at McKenzie PassOnly the wind sighing through the gnarled trees breaks

the quiet of the high country at sundown on McKenzie Pass.

Here - where the Deschutes and Willamette NationalForests join together - is one of many places to begin apersonal involvement with Oregon's volcanic Cascades.

From here may be seen the crowning pinnacles of threeof the six Wildernesses in the National Forests of the OregonCascades.

To the south, the Sisters are bathed in pink alpine glowas they lose a fight to hold back the night. To the west, thejagged outline of Mt. Washington is silhouetted against the

darkening sky. Far to the north, Mt. Jefferson reflects thelast rays of the setting sun.

Looking at the old fire peaks and the vast spread of lavafields, it's easy to imagine how it was when this land wasborn of fire - volcanic fire - the deep rumbles climaxed bythunderous explosions, the spectacular fire fountains, the serp-entine patterns of molten lava glowing in the darkness.

Through eons of time, the land-shaping forces continuedat work - spectacular volcanism alternated with glaciation -topsoil built by fractions of inches - forests born and re-born.

Finally, the time of man - Indians living a primitive ex-istence - and the coming of the first settlers and their travels

Dee Wright Ob5ervaory, McKenzie Pass, silhouefled al sunset.

back and forth across the mountains born of fire - first bytrail and later by wagon roads which still can be traced acrossthe lava fields and through the forests.

The Forest Service has been part of the history of thisland since 1905. Gifford Pinchot, first Chief of the ForestService, set down the rugged qualifications for those early-day Rangers and other Forest Service employees. These menhad a fierce determination to do their best with the tools theyhad, as they carried out what Pinchot described as the "greatand necessary undertaking" to protect America's natural re-sources for the generations to come. At McKenzie Pass, theDee Wright Observatory stands like a stone fortress mon-ument to one of those men - Dee Wright, a mountain manand early-day Forest Service packer and trail builder.

As night descends on McKenzie Pass, a single car ap-proaches with headlights stabbing ahead to pick out the curvesin the winding highway built in places atop the old wagonroad through the lava. The car is loaded with a tired familyseeking a campsite in the dark. They'll find a vacancy in aForest Service campground a few miles distant. But whatwill be the case 20 or 30 years from now? The populationof the United States has passed the 200 million mark, and20 years from now, an expected 330 million Americans mustget along on the same land base we have now.

For the National Forests and their managers, the challengewill be to meet a greater-than-ever demand for food, fiber,pure water and air, and outdoor recreation. There must beWilderness for soul satisfying solitude, and there must bedynamic, productive forest land where renewable resourcesare managed intensively and perpetuated.

The Oregon Cascades - lands born of fire - are amongthe jewels in America's precious National Forest system, andthe Forest Service has a mandate to meet the demands of afuture that is already here.

7

McKenzie Pass at sunset - a good place to begin a personal in-volvement with the Oregon Cascades.

I

Resembling the skull of a dead thing from the dim past, apiece of weathered tree trunk lies at trailside in the lava fieldsof the Mt. Washington Wilderness.

The Oregon Cascades encompass 5.9 million acres ofNational Forest land extending from the Columbia RiverGorge on the north, almost to the California border on thesouth. Six National Forests are involved - the Mt. Hood,Deschutes, Willamette, Tjmpqua, Rogue River and Winema.

As is true throughout the National Forest system, theNational Forests in the Oregon Cascades are managed andprotected under multiple use concepts that have evolved since1905, and which were affirmed by Congress in passage of theMultiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960.

The 1960 law is a Congressional declaration that the Na-tional Forests "shall be administered for outdoor recreation,range, timber, watershed, and wildlife and fish purposes. .

"Multiple Use" said Congress, "means the managementof all the various renewable surface resources of the National

Cascade lily, 011alie Ridge, Wi!-lamette National Forest.

Forests so that they are utilized in the combination that willbest meet the needs of the American people.

"Sustained Yield," as defined by the law, "means theachievement and maintenance in perpetuity of a high-levelannual or regular periodic output of the various renewableresources of the National Forests without impairment of theproductivity of the land."

This booklet presents Forest Service management forWilderness and zones of primary recreation value in the Ore-gon Cascades. Six zones of management are recognized inthat area. The zones are - Wilderness, Study, Special In-terest, Recreation Occupancy, Alpine, and Landscape Man-agement.

Also discussed are the broad management objectives forthe vast expanse of working, dynamic forest lands outsidethe Wilderness and the primary recreation zones.

Grazing is an important and historic use of the National Forests. Here, a ranch foreman on animble-footed cowhorse cuts out an Angus steer during fall roundup in Sparks Lake Meadow near thefoot of Bachelor Butte, coated with fresh snow in the background.

Tiger lily, Mt. JeffersonWilderness

ilderness is the America that was - the wild landthat shaped the growth of the Nation. Once it covered allthe land. It was the great region beyond the frontier. Butthe Nation grew and pushed back the frontier. Men occu-pied the land, and it ceased to be wilderness.

Now, wilderness has vanished from much of the country,and we place a high value upon that which remains. Fortu-nately, back in 1924, the Forest Service of the U. S. Depart-ment of Agriculture designated and placed under protectionthe first federal Wilderness. In the ensuing years, manymore areas were so designated and protected under authorityof the Secretary of Agriculture and the Chief of the ForestService.

In 1964, Congress strengthened this protection by rec-ognizing Wilderness as a valued part of our heritage. The

Congressional act created the National Wilderness Preser-vation System, applied it to all National Forest areas pre-viously designated for wilderness protection, and provided forthe addition of more wilderness in the years to come.

Wilderness is managed as a unique resource, not only toprovide a primitive-type recreation experience, but also toprotect priceless scenic, ecological, geological and historicalvalues. Recreation facilities and improvements will be pro-vided only as necessary for the protection and managementof the wilderness resource and for public safety.

With mechanized travel prohibited, Wilderness is a spe-cial domain of hikers and horsemen who wish to journey be-yond civilization to enjoy the soul-healing freedom of a worldapart from the pressures of daily living.

Wilderness in theOregon Cascades

Today, six of the finest examples of America's remaining\Vfldei'iiess are protected within the National Forests of theOregon Cascades. Together, they comprise 415,666 acres.

Three Sisters WildernessBiggest of the Oregon Cascades Wildemnesses, at 196,708

acres, is the Three Sisters Wilderness. This is a rugged andbeautiful country climaxed by the namesake Three Sistersvolcanic peaks. Glaciers, lakes, lava flows, alpine vegetation.and dense forests are all a part of the Three Sisters Wilder-ness, lying astride the summit of the Cascades in the Deschutesand WillametteN ational Forests.

Mt. Jefferson Wilderness is the newest of the OregonCascades Wildernesses, and one of the newest in the entireNational Wilderness Preservation System. It was establishedby Congress in 1968, to include most of the former Mt. Jef-ferson Primitive Area of the Mt. Hood, Deschutes and \Vil-lamette National Forests, plus additional acreage to make atotal of 99,632 acres. Dominated by Oregon's second highestpeak, 10,497-foot Mt. Jefferson. the area has long been recog-nized as one of Nature's masterpieces in the Oregon Cascades.

Mt. Washington WildernessThe old volcanic fire peak of 7,81)2-foot Mt. Washington.

deeply carved by glaciation, and the vast McKenzie Pass lavafields are features of the 46,655-acre Mt. Washington Wilder-ness in the Deschutes and Willamette National Forests. Itprovides one of the best places to i'ead the story of volcanismand the development of the Oregon Cascade Range. Geol-ogists believe some of the eruptions were recent enough tohave been witnessed by human eyes within the past 1,000 years.

Mt. Jefferson, Oregon's second highest peak at 10,497 feet, overlooksScout Lake in the Jefferson Pork area of the Mt. Jefferson Wilderness.

Diamond Peak Wilderness

In October of 1853, winter was descending on the highcountry. Members of an ill-fated wagon train, bitter withdisappointment, had to abandon their wagons short of theirgoal. They were thankful for their very lives. They wouldnever know the same land that caused their pioneer hardshipswould, more than a century later, be attracting people to enjoywhat is now the Diamond Peak Wilderness. This lake-studded35,440-acre Wilderness straddles the Cascade Crest in partsof both the Deschutes and Willamette National Forests.

Mountain Lakes Wilderness

Mountain Lakes Wilderness, in the Winema National For-est, is an aptly named area bounded on all sides by highmountains and dotted with numerous lakes, well-stocked withtrout. The 23,071-acre Mountain Lakes Wilderness is one ofthe more accessible Wildernesses, with trails entering fromall four sides.

A young hiker draws hisown conclusions on the valueof a precious resource bornof the melting snow in theThree Sisters Wilderness.

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Mt. Hood Wilderness

According to an ancient Indian legend, Mt. Hood was oncea handsome Indian chief, Wy'east, who vied with his brother,also a chief, for the affections of a beautiful maiden. Annoyedby the rivalry, the Great Spirit turned Wy'east into Mt. Hood.Likewise, the other chief, Klickitat, became Mt. Adams, andthe Maiden Loo-wit became Mt. St. Helens. Today, 11,235-foot Mt. Hood is Oregon's highest peak, and probably the most-climbed mountain in America, if not the world. It is thedominant feature of the 14,160-acre Mt. Hood Wilderness inthe Mt. Hood National Forest.

These are the Wildernesses, the wild and primitive lands,of the Oregon Cascades - a part of our National Heritage -protected by the Forest Service for the spiritual and physicalenjoyment of people today and those yet unborn.

A dead snag stands as alone sentinel against the sky-line in the lava fields of theMt. Washington Wilderness.

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anagement concepts for National Forest lands in theOregon Cascades have been evolving since 1905, and the evo-lutionary process is continuing, with special attention to twoareas which have been designated as Study Zones.

They are the Eagle Creek Study Zone (Mt. Hood NationalForest), extending south from the Columbia Gorge, and theSky Lakes Study Zone (Winema and Rogue River NationalForests), lying south of Crater Lake National Park. Bothzones contain areas of unique value, and they total 165,500acres.

Study zone designation will enable a complete evaluationleading to final decisions as to what type of managementclassification will best meet future public needs.

The studies will show whether areas within the StudyZones should be designated as Wilderness, special interest,recreation occupancy, landscape management, or some otherclassification. Public meetings will be held to review rec-ommendations reached from the studies.

Punch Bowl Falls on Eagle Creek, in the Eagle Creek Study Zone.

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WILDERNESS andPRIMARY RECREATION ZONESof the NATIONAL FORESTS in

the OREGON CASCADESScAle MIles

LIMITED AREA BOUNDARY

STUDY ZONE SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY

RECREATION AREA BOUNDARY

/ WILDERNESS

/ STUDY ZONE

SPECIAL INTEREST ZONE

/ RECREATION OCCUPANCY ZONE

ALPINE ZONE

LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT ZONE

OTHER NATIONAL FOREST LAND IJIAIulEssr ml.

LEGEND

EXTERIOR NATIONAL FOREST BOUNDARY

LIMIT OF PLANNING AREA WHERE NATIONAL FORESTLAND EXTENDS ON TO THE EAST AND SOUTHEAST

See Statistical Summary starting on Page 31 for acreagefigures, and listing of Special Interest Areas.

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Quaking Aspen on the"wrong" side of the Cascades- how did the trees get here?

ith leaves shimmering in the sun, a graceful quakingaspen growing far west of the Cascade divide seems to ask,"how did I get here on the wrong side of the mountain?"Nearby, a delicate scarlet-hued carnivorous plant lies in waitat the edge of the bog to trap an unwary insect.

Across the mountains to the east, a visitor stands on Paul-ma Peak, the highest remnant of an ancient volcano, Mt.Newberry. From this towering vantage point, he can studythe caldera of old Newberry, containing Paulina Lake, EastLake, and the wrinkled surface of a great obsidian flow.

Far to the south, in a crystal clear spring, grows a strangeform of algae known as mares eggs, and perhaps found inoniy four or five other places in the world.

These are but three examples of areas set aside and pro-tected by the Forest Service for public study, use and enjoy-ment.

There are 31 Special Interest Areas in the Oregon Cas-cades, ranging in size from the 32,600-acre Waldo Lake Rec-reation Area on the Willamette and Deschutes National For-

A forester views mares eggs, a strange form of algae growingin only a few places in the world.

Areas Protected

For Special Values

est, to the 3-acre Cloud Cap Historical Area on the northeastslope of Mt. Hood. More than 115,000 acres are included inOregon Cascades Special Interest Zone classification.

To qualify for Special Interest zoning, areas must havesignificant scenic, historical, geological, botanical, recreation,or other values. Mile-high Waldo Lake, for example, is beingdeveloped as one of Oregon's finest outdoor playgrounds. Its

Visitors contemplate theview from a dizzying perchatop Paulina Peak, highestremnant of an ancient vol-cano, Mt. Newberry. PaulinaLake, famed for good fishing,lies far below in NewberryCrater.

Photo by David Folcorier.

eastern shore has extensive new campground developments.The western shoreline and the backcountry surrounding the10-mile-long lake will be managed as a roadless recreationarea to protect the unspoiled beauty.

A Special Interest Area may pose a mystery such as thatof Quaking Aspen Swamp. Located on the Willamette Na-tional Forest, west of the Three Sisters Wilderness, the swampsupports a stand of quaking aspen growing on the "wrong"side of the Cascades. Some say the trees with their quiveringleaves are modern remnants of quaking aspen that grew herebefore the time of man. Another explanation is that the treeswere borne of seed carried in the wool of sheep grazing thisarea years ago.

Management policies for Special Interest Areas require:

Recreation developments situated to serve public needs.but not to detract from special or unique features of the area.

Timber managed for recreation-associated values, with

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harvest limited to such purposes as construction and maint-enance of roads, trails and campgrounds, or other recreationand administrative facilities, and to contribute to scenic values.

Road and trail systems constructed to contribute topublic enjoyment of the unusual recreation value.

Wildlife and fishery resources maintained at an op-timum level, with hunting and fishing provided and regulatedunder state laws.

Unique among the 31 Special Interest Areas in the OregonCascades is the Oregon Skyline Trail, Oregon's part of thePacific Crest Trail system, which traverses the state from northto south for approximately 450 miles. The Pacific Crest Trailwas established as a National Scenic Trail by Congress, andsigned into law by the President in October of 1968.

Where the trail isn't already in an established Wilderness,the Forest Service is including it in Special Interest Zoneclassification, and will manage it as a continuous route forfoot and horse travelers.

acilities for outdoor recreationists in the Oregon Cas-cades offer a wide-ranging appeal. Timberline Lodge, a na-tional treasure which draws thousands of visitors to Mt. Hood,is at one end of the scale. At the other, and perhaps just asappealing through the eyes of the users, are secluded camp-sites offering a bare minimum of creature comforts. ForestService management identifies an Oregon Cascades RecreationOccupancy Zone of some 30,000 acres for present and futuresites of campgrounds, picnic areas, winter sports complexes,organization camps, resorts, and recreation residences.

The 431 existing National Forest picnic and campgroundsin the Oregon Cascades can accommodate up to 32,800 visitorson any one day. Operation of the campgrounds involves pro-viding sanitation, water and other essential services, includingsuch specifics as 2,593 garbage cans and 4,472 picnic tables.

And what of the future? By 1976, based on projected,ever-increasing use of the National Forests, the daily camp-ground capacity in the Oregon Cascades must be increasedto 50,000 visitors to handle the demand. By the year 2000there will be estimated need for campsites with a daily capa-city of 150,000 visitors.

Winter sports is another of the recreation activities regis-tering spectacular growth on the National Forests. In theOregon Cascades, the 11 existing ski areas on National Forestland can accommodate a daily capacity of 18,700 users. By1976, on a typical Saturday during the height of the snow

Multnomah Falls and Lodge - a popular attraction in the OregonCascades Recreation Occupancy Zone.

Two "Huckleberry Finns" try rafting on Lava Camp Lakenear McKenzie Pass.

season, an estimated 50,000 skiers will want to hit the slopesat the same time, and by 2000 the number should nearly triple.

The anticipated increased demands for recreation use bythe general public will take preference over exclusive occu-pancy for individuals.

Certain other basic management concepts apply to theRecreation Occupancy Zone. Timber harvest is limited to thatnecessary for site development or for removal of dead, dying'and hazardous trees. Roads and parking facilities are designedto maintain aesthetic qualities; and powerlines, gaslines andother such encroachments will be routed around the RecreationOccupancy Zone whenever possible.

An expert skier blasts off from a cornice onHoodoo Butte, a popular winter spans area in theOregon Cascades, Mt. Washington and 'the Sisiersare in the distance.

Photo by Jatm Honey.

'4:

At Lake of the Woods, campers stroll along the lake shore in theRecreation Occupancy Zone. Mt. McLoughlin, in the background, isclassified as Alpine Zone.

Skier starts his final run of the day atone of the 11 winter sports areas on theNational Forests of the Oregon Cascades.

Winter adds a new dimension to the many recreational pleasureson the National Forests. Mrs. Bob Guches of Jacksonville, Oregon,pats a Siberian husky before the start of a sled dog race near BigLake in the Willamette National Forest.

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Four Oregon Cascades management zones are represented in this view of Diamond Lake. The lakeitself, one of the most popular fishing and camping spots in the Pacific Northwest, is Recreation Occu-pancy Zone. Lc.wer slopes in background are Landscape Management Zone, which blends into AlpineZone. Mt. Thielsen, looming 9182 feet an skyline, is classified as a Geological Area, one of the 31Special Interest Areas in the Oregon Cascades.

Ph by Jares C. Vnce,-

An archer hunts for deer in the AlpineZone near Bachelor Butte, Deschutes Nationol Forest. The National Forests havelong been a happy hunting ground forsportsmen, whether they use rifle or bow.

The Alpine Zoneregon Cascades high country not already included in

Wilderness or other zoning is managed as an Alpine Zone,totalling 46,000 acres.

With scenery comparable to Wilderness in many instances,the Alpine Zone contains numerous high elevation lakes,streams, open meadows, peaks, and even glaciers.

Alpine Zone management includes planned campsites, scenicvista points, sanitation structhres, trail shelters and hostels.Roads may also be constructed. All facilities in the AlpineZone, however, will be designed to protect the scenery andretaiii the alpine qualities of the area.

Timber may be removed from the Alpine Zone to developrecreation, wildlife or water resources; to control insect anddisease outbreaks or to salvage dead or dying trees; or foradministrative site development. Special management atten-tion is given to watershed values and wildlife habitat.

Aerial view of Alpine Zone overlooking Diamond Lake, with Mt.Thielsen Geological Area at left.

Gid Scouts outbound on a backpacking trip pass through the Alpine Zone bordering the Three SistersWilderness near Broken Top Crater.

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In the landscape Management Zone, timber may be removed in theForeground to provide a vISta designed th resemb'e a natural opening inthe forest - such as this point where WilLamette Pass travelers get a sweepingview of foresi and mountains, including Diamond Peak.

preservation of scenic values in timber harvesting areasis the purpose of the Landscape Management Zone in the Ore-gon Cascades.

Totalling more than 900,000 acres, the Landscape Man-agement Zone is comprised of varying-sized areas borderingor surrounding Recreation Occupancy Zones, bodies of water,streams, or routes of travel - wherever the scenic resourceis recognized as having primary importance.

Timber production is a part of landscape managementand logging is carried out under exacting controls to preservescenery. Road and trail construction is designed to harmonizewith topography and vegetation.

Blossoming rhododendron and bear grass in the LandscapeManagement Foreground make the trip more enjoyable for foresthighway travelers.

The Landscape Management Zone is divided into Fore-ground and Background. Maintaining the natural forest en-vironment is the primary objective in the Foreground, whichis the immediate area viewable from a road, stream, lake ortrail. Logging is limited to partial timber removal, except forsmall area cuts to provide vistas. Debris from logging androad construction is disposed of to retain a natural environment.

The Background of the Landscape Management Zone isthe more distant view or scenic backdrop. Maintaining or de-veloping a forest of attractive overall appearance is the man-agement objective for the Background. Random-shaped tim-ber harvest areas are designed to resemble natural openingssuch as meadows or avalanche scars. Artificial reforestationfollows logging, to speed reestablishment of the natural cover.

Sketch by a Forest Service landscape architect illustrates the appli-cation of landscape management principles to protect scenic values in atypical Oregon Cascades National Forest area. Shrubs and trees, in-cluding stately old growth, in the Landscape Management Foregroundcontribute to the appearance of a natural environment along this forest

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highway. Meanwhile, timber cutting practiced in the Landscape Man-agement Background is designed to blend into the overall scenery.Logging areas, three of which are shown, are irregular in shape andare located to resemble meadows, avalanche paths, or other naturalopenings in the trees.

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Black-tailed deer fawn in an OregonCascades National Forest.

'T'he opportunity for outdoor recreation is a basic needof people. There are also other needs - material needs thata productive and dynamic forest can and must provide.

This booklet discusses Forest Service management forsome 1.7 million acres of the Oregon Cascades where wilder-ness and recreation values predominate, and where the landis managed with prime emphasis on recreation.

In addition, there are 4.2 million acres of National For-est where trees may be grown and managed as a crop. Here,modern forest land management forms a dynamic patternutilizing the combined skills of such specialists as foresters,landscape architects, soil and water scientists, forest genet-icists, engineers, botanists, nursery technicians, wildlife biol-ogists, and range technicians.

The National Forests of the Oregon Cascades are amongthe top timber growing areas of the world, supplying wood

for industries producing material for homes, paper, furniture'and countless other products regarded as vital necessities fordaily living. Thousands of jobs are directly dependent on tim-ber harvested from the National Forests. The wood-yieldingforest is also the place where streams grow into the importantrivers that supply the water needs of countless thousands ofpeople.

It's the area where the hunter - the stream fisherman -the berry picker - the sightseer - can range out over anaccess road network covering hundreds of square miles.

Sometimes the visitor sees a freshly logged area wherethe timber removal causes a temporary loss of natural beauty.A few miles down the road, however, are other areas loggeda few years previously. Here the temporary scars of use aregiving way to a green mantle of vigorous conifers reaching

Illustrating how forestry is moving into the space age, a forester works from a hovering helicopterto collect a Douglas-fir foliage sample as part of a research project aimed at developing better methodsfor early detection of tree killing diseases.

for their place in the sun. Usually the new forest is the re-suit of hand planting or direct seeding, because high priorityis given to prompt artificial reforestation wherever Naturealone cannot do the job.

Thanks to newer and more sophisticated logging methodsnow coming into play, and more complete utilization, the im-pact on natural beauty made by timber harvest will be les-sened as time goes on. Also, succeeding timber crops willgrow faster and stronger, as forest researchers aim their ef-forts at developing superior, faster growing trees, and pro-viding more effective protection against the forest killer in-sects and disease that now cause even greater damage thanfire.

If he's lucky, the visitor may see deer, elk or bear attractedto the logged area by the warmth of the same sunlight thatencourages the growth of forage species and berries as wellas young evergreens.

East of the Cascade crest, where grazing is an importantand historical use of the National Forests, cattle and sheepgrow fat on the lush grass in meadow and forest.

Wood, water, forage, wildlife, recreation - these are thebountiful products of the working forest in Oregon's Cas-cades, as elsewhere across the Nation.

As one Oregon newspaper editor put it recently, in de-scribing the economic and social contributions of multiple-use forests:

"We must treasure productive forest lands just as we dothe remaining wilderness areas. We need them both."

Young citizens and a young forest share common groundthrough the medium of a nature trail in a vigorous stand ofsecond growth timber in an Oregon Cascades National Forest.

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This booklet is designed to acquaint the public with highlights ofNational Forest management in the Oregon Cascades, as detailed in acomprehensive working plan entitled "Management Direction for Wil-derness and Primary Recreation Zones of the National Forests in theOregon Cascades".

Anyone desiring more detailed information may have access to thefull plan through the following:

Regional ForesterMultnomah Building319 SW Pine StreetP.O. Box 3623Portland, Oregon 97208

SupervisorMt. Hood National Forest340 NE 122nd AvenuePortland, Oregon 97216

Supervisor'Deschutes National Forest211 East RevereBend, Oregon 97701

SupervisorWillamette National Forest210 East 11th StreetEugene, Oregon 97401

SupervisorUmpqua National ForestFederal BuildingRoseburg, Oregon 97470

SupervisorWinema National ForestPost Office BuildingKiamath Falls, Oregon 97601

SupervisorRogue River National ForestFederal BuildingMedford, Oregon 97501

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

LAND WITHIN THE EXTERIOR NATIONAL FOREST BOUNDARY IN OREGON CASCADES

(Rounded to 1,000 Acres)

Lands Not Under ForestNational Forest Service Administration National Forest Land Total

1 Percentage of National Forest Land in planning area - 91.6%2 Percentage of Land Not Under Forest Service Administration in the planning area - 8.4

Segments of these National Forests are not included in the planning area.

NATIONAL FOREST LAND IN WILDERNESS

AND PRIMARY RECREATION ZONES

(Rounded to 1,000 Acres)

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' There are 5,955,000 acres of National Forest land plus an additional 549,000 acres of landnot under Forest Service administration within exterior National Forest boundaries shownon the attached map.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Category

WildernessStudy ZoneSpecial Interest ZoneRecreation Occupancy ZoneAlpine ZoneLandscape Management Zone

TOTAL *

Acres

416,000166,000

115,000

34,00046,000

958,000

1,735,000

Percentof Total

24,09.6

6.62.02.7

55.1

100.0

Deschutes 3 259,000 1,432,000 1,691,000

Mt. Hood 54,000 1,116,000 1,170,000

Rogue River 34,000 426,000 460,000

Umpqua 56000 984,000 1,040,000

Willamette 118,000 1,666,000 1,784,000

Winema 28,000 331,000 359,000

TOTAL 549,0002 5,955,000 1 6,504,000

Protection of the Oregon Cascades National Forest re-sources against fire is one of the major efforts of the ForestService, ond smokejumpers are frequently the first line ofattack. Here, an airborne firefighter from the RedmondAir Center descends during a training jump. The Red-mond Air Center is one of the Forest Service's major basesfor aerial firefighting.

STUDY ZONE

Diamond PeokMountain LakesMt. HoodMt. JeffersonMt. WashingtonThree Sisters

Eagle CreekSky Lakes

Type of Special Interest AreasPacific Crest Trail OregonScenic

Geoloaical

Areas Managed for RoadlessDispersed Recreation Use

Recreahonal

ALPINE ZONEEstimated Acreage

LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT ZONEEstimated Acreage

TOTALROUNDED TOTAL

* Acreage of Pacific Crest Trail is included in Wildernesscalculations.

Existing Recreation DevelopmentsAdditional Area Planned for Recreation

Development by Year 2000TOTAL

ROUNDED TOTAL

35,440

23,071

14, 160

99,63246,655

196,708

415,666416,000

29,10033,600

34,000Acres46,000Acres

958,000

Map Type ofumber Name Special Interest

Old Wagon Road HistoricalParkdale Lava Beds GeologicalCloud Cap HistoricalLittle Crater Lake GeologicalBagby Hot Springs GeologicalBull of the Woods Roadless

recreationSugar Pine BotanicalOlallie Lake Roadless

recreationMetotius Rocks (two Geological

separate areas)Yankee Mountain ScenicLowder Mountain GeologicalLamb Butte ScenicQuaking Aspen Swamp BotanicalRebel Rock GeologicalHosmer Lake BotanicalLava Butte GeologicalLavacicle Cave * GeologicalLava Cast Forest GeologicalNewberry Crater GeologicalWaldo Lake Recreation

Hole In The Ground GeologicalKatati Butte GeologicalMt. Thielsen GeologicalCedar Grove BotanicalRogue-Umpqua Divide Scenic

Needle RockSand Creek CanyonMares Eggs Spring

Brown MountainGrizzly CanyonPacific Crest Trail

ScenicGeologicalBotanical-BiologicalGeologicalGeologicalNational ScenicTrail

Mt. HoodMt. HoodMt. HoodMt. HoodMt. HoodMt. Hood

WillametteWillametteWillametteWillametteWillametteDeschutesDeschutesDeschutesDesch utesDesch utesWi I lamette

andDeschutesDeschutesDeschutesWin emaUmpquaRogue River

andUmpquaRogue RiverWine maWine ma

Rogue RiverRogue RiverAll NationalForests inOregon Cascades

490140390240700

508,983

805,630

17,23032,600

Lavacicle Cave is located just east of designated planning area.Acreage of Pacific Crest Trail is included in Wilderness and Primary Recreationcalculations.

The violence of volcanic action thousands of years agocreated what today is beautiful Clear Lake, formed by lavaflows damming the McKenzie River. Mt. Washington isin the distance.

The Forest Service of the U. S. Deportment of Agricultureis dedicated to the principle of multiple use management ofthe Nation's forest resources for sustained yields of wood,water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestryresearch, cooperation with States and private forest owners,and management of the National Forests and National Grass-lands, it strives - as directed by Congress - to provide in -

creasingly greater service to a growing Nation.