ORDINANCE NO 630 BILL 1535, Draft 1 AN ORDINANCE …inadequately flood proofed, elevated or...

Chapter 6: Appendix 1 Kaua‘i County Flood Ordinances

ORDINANCE NO 630 BILL 1535, Draft 1

AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL ORDINANCE, THE BUILDING CODE ORDINANCE, ARTICLE 15-1 AND CHAPTERS

12, RESPECTIVELY, OF THE KAUAI COUNTY CODE, 1987 TO ADOPT SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA REGULATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATIONAL

FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM

BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF KAUAI, STATE OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Legislative Findings and Purpose

The County Council enacted the Flood Plain Management Ordinance in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program pursuant to the National Disaster Protection Act of 1968 (Pub. L. 90-440 and 91-152), as amended, and the Flood of Disaster 1973 (Pub. L. 93-234), to continue the County’s participation in the Program to enable property owners in flood-prone areas of the County to obtain flood insurance and to assure future federal assistance for the County for use in such areas. The Legislature of the State of Hawaii through H.R.S. Section 46-11 authorized the various counties to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Therefore, the County Council of the County of Kauai ordain as follows:

SECTION 2. That Chapter 15, Article 1, Kauai County Code 1987 relating to

Flood Plain Management, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“ARTICLE 1. FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT Sec 15-1.1 Legislative Findings of Fact; Purpose and Objectives. (a) Findings of Fact. Certain areas of the County are subject to periodic flooding caused by heavy rain storms, high wave action, and tsunamis which result in the loss of life and property, health and safety factors, disruption of commerce and governmental services, extraordinary public expenditures for flood protection and relief and impairment of the tax base, all of which adversely affect the public health, safety and general welfare. These flood losses are caused by a cumulative set of obstructions in areas of special flood hazards which increase flood heights and velocities, and when adequately anchored, damage uses in other areas. Uses that are inadequately flood proofed, elevated or otherwise protected from flood damage also contribute to the flood loss. (b) Statement of Purpose. It is the purpose this Article to promote the public health, safety, and general, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed:

County of Kaua‘i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Mitigation Strategy Appendix Chapter 6 ‐1

(1) To protect human life and health; (2) To minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects; (3) To minimize expenditure the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public, (4) To minimize prolonged business interruptions; (5) To minimize damage to public facilities and utilities located in areas of special flood hazard (6) To help maintain a stable tax base by minimizing future flood loss; (7) To assist in notifying potential buyers that property is in an area of special flood hazard; and (8) To insure that those who occupy areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions. (c) Methods of reducing Flood Losses. In order to accomplish its purpose, this Article includes methods and provisions for: (1) Requiring the facilities be protected by to minimize flood damage at the time of initial construction (2) Controlling filing, grading, dredging and other development which may increase flood damage; (3) Controlling the alteration of natural flood plains, stream channels and natural protective barriers, which help to accommodate or channel flood waters; and (4) Preventing or regulating the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood waters or which may increase flood hazards in other areas. Sec. 15-1.2 General Provisions.

(a) Statutory authority. The Article is enacted pursuant to the U.S. National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Public Laws 90-418 and 91-152), as amended, and the U.S. Disaster Flood Protection of 1973 (Public Law 93-234), as amended.

(b) Lands Subject to this Article. This article shall apply to all areas of special flood hazards identified by the Federal Insurance Administration in a scientific and engineering report entitled “The Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai,” dated March 4, 1987, with the accompanying Flood Insurance Rate Maps; and lands outside the identified special floods hazard areas encompassing and adjacent to a river, stream, storm water channel, outfall area or other inland water or drainage facility determined by the County Engineer to be subject to special flood hazards. The different special flood hazard areas are as follows:

(1) Flood Fringe-AE and AH zones (2) Floodway (3) Coastal High Hazard (Tsunami)—VE Zones (4) General Flood Plain—A, X and D zones (5) Land Adjacent to Drainage Facility

(c) Compliance; Effective Date. No Structure or land shall hereafter be constructed, located, extended, converted or altered without full compliance with the terms of this article and other applicable regulations.

This Article shall take affect on March 31, 1987.


(d) Other Laws and Regulations. All construction and improvements subject to this Article shall comply with other applicable laws and regulations including but not limited to, the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance, Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Subdivision Code, and Grading Ordinance. This article, designed to reduce flood losses, shall take precedence over any less restrictive, conflicting laws, ordinances and regulations.

(e) Interpretation. In the interpretation and application of this article shall be: (1) Considered as minimum requirements; (2) Liberally construed in favor of the County; and (3) Deemed neither to limit nor repeal any other powers granted under state

statues. (f) Warning and Disclaimer of Liability. The degree of flood protection required by this Article is considered reasonable for regulatory purposes and is based on scientific and engineering considerations. Larger floods can and will occur on rare occasions. Flood heights may be increased by man-made or natural causes. This Article does not imply that land outside the areas of special flood hazards or uses permitted within such areas will be free from flooding or flood damages. This Article shall not create liability on the part of the County of Kauai, any officer or employee thereof, or the Federal Insurance Administration, for any flood damage that result from reliance on this Article or any administrative decision lawfully made thereunder.

Sec. 15-1.3 Definitions Unless plainly evident from the context that a different meaning is intended , the words and terms used herein are only applicable to this Article and defined as follows:

(1) “Base Flood” means the flood having a one percent (1.0%) chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year, otherwise commonly referred to as the 100-year flood.

(2) “Base Flood Elevation” means the water surface elevation of the base flood. (3) “Breakaway walls” mean any type of walls, whether solid or lattice and whether

constructed of concrete, masonry, wood, metal, plastic or any other suitable building material which are not part of the structural support of the building and which are not part of the structural support of the building and which are so designed as to breakaway, under abnormally high tides or wave action, without causing the elevated portion of the building or supporting foundation system.

(4) “Coastal High Hazard Area” means the area subject to high velocity waters, including but not limited to coastal and tidal inundation or tsunamis. The area is designated on a FIRM as Zone VE.

(5) “County Engineer” means the County Engineer of the County of Kauai or his authorized representative.

(6) “Development” means any man-made change to improved or unimproved buildings or other structures, filing, grading or excavation operations.

(7) “Existing Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction of facilities for serving the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed (including the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads.

(8) “Expansion to an Existing Manufacture Home Park or Subdivision” means the preparation of additional sites by the construction of facilities for serving the lots on


which the manufactured homes are to be affixed (including the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads.

[(7)] (9) “Flood or Flooding” means a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from overflow of inland or tidal water resulting from any source, such as tsunamis, or the usual and rapid accumulation of runoff or surface waters from any source. [(8)] (10) “Flood Fringe Area” means the portion of the flood plain outside the floodway, designated as AE, AO, and AH Zones on the FIRM. [(9)] (11) “Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)” means the official map on which the federal insurance Administration has delineated areas of special flood hazards, risk premium zones applicable, base flood elevations and the floodway. [(10)] (12) “Flood Insurance Study” means the official report provided by the Federal Insurance Administration that includes flood profiles, the FIRM, and the water surface elevation of the base flood. [(11)] (13) “Floodway” means the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one (1) foot). [(12)] (14) “General flood plain Area” means the area consisting of the approximate flood plain area as delineated on the flood maps , identified as A, D, and X zones on the FIRM, where detailed engineering studies have not been conducted by the Federal Insurance Administration to delineate the flood elevations and floodway. [(13)] “Habitable Floor” means any floor usable for living purposes, which include working, sleeping, eating, cooking or recreation, or a combination thereof. A floor used only for storage purposes is not a habitable floor, provided that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable non-elevation design requirements of this ordinance.] [(14)] (15) “Lowest Floor” means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement). An unfinished or flood resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement area that is not considered a building’s lowest floor provided that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable non-evaluation design requirements of this Ordinance. (16) “Manufactured Home” means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without a permanent foundation when attached to the required utilities. The term “manufacture home” does not include a “recreational vehicle”.

(17) “Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a parcel (or contiguous parcels of land divided into two or more manufactured home lots for rent or sale.

[(15)] (18) “New construction” means structures for which the start of construction commences on or after the effective date of this Article and includes subsequent improvements to such structures. (19) “New Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction of facilities for servicing the lots o which manufactured lots are to be affixed (including, at a minimum, the installation of utilities, the


construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads) is completed on or after the effective date of flood plain management regulations adopted by a community.

(20) “Recreational Vehicle” means a vehicle which is: a) built on a single chassis; b) 400 square feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection; c) designed to be self- propelled or permanently towable by a light duty truck; and a designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel or seasonal use.

[(16)] (21) “Special Flood Hazard” means an area subject to flood and flood related hazards, identified on the FIRMS or determined by the County Engineer in areas adjacent to drainage facilities not identified by the flood maps.

[(17)] (22) “Start of Construction” means the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site, such as the poring of slabs or footing or any work beyond the stage of excavation. Permanent construction includes land preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling and includes excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; it also includes installation on the property of accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not as apart of the main structure. For a structure without a basement or poured footings, the start of construction includes the first permanent framing or assembly of the structure or any part thereof on its piling or foundation.

[(18)] (23) “Structure “ means a walled and roofed building and include the first permanent framing or assembly of the structure or any part of thereof on its piling or foundation.

[(19)] (24) “Substantial Improvement means any repair, reconstruction, improvement to addition to a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the market value of the structure either: (a) before the improvement or repair is started, or (b) if the structure has been damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred. For the purposes of this definition, substantial improvement is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure. The Value of any substantial improvement shall be determined by the County Engineer or his authorized representative. The term does not however, include either: a) Any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing violations of a state or local health, sanitary or safety code specifications which have been identified by the local code enforcement official and which are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions, or (b) any alteration of a “historic structure” provided that the alteration will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as a “historic structure”.

Sec. 15-1.4 Administration

(a) Building Permit, Certificate of Occupancy, Grading Permit, Subdivision approval. This Ordinance shall be a part of the Building Code Ordinance, Chapter 12 of the Kauai County Code, 1987, as amended, and shall be inspected and enforced as part of the Building Code of the County of Kauai by the Building Division. No building permit, certificate of occupancy or grading permit shall be issued or subdivision shall be approved without the approval of the County Engineer or his authorized representative with respect to compliance with the provisions of this Article. (b) Certificate of Occupancy Required in the Special Flood Hazard Areas. Notwithstanding

Section 307 of the County Building Code, a new certificate of occupancy shall be required before any new construction or substantial improvement in the special flood hazard areas may be used or occupied.


(c) County Engineer. The County Engineer and his authorized representative with the cooperation and assistance of other county departments shall administer the provisions of this Article.

(d) Duties and responsibilities of the County Engineer. The duties and responsibilities of the County Engineer shall include but not be limited to:

(1) Permit Review (A) Review all building permits, certificates of occupancy, grading

permits, and subdivision proposals to determine whether the requirements of this proposal have been satisfied.

(B) [Review all other developmental permits refereed by other governmental departments and agencies for consistency with the requirements of this Article]. See that all other required State and Federal permits have been obtained.

(C) Review permits and proposals to determine that the site is reasonably safe from flooding.

(D) Review permits and proposals to determine [if] that the proposed construction or development [adversely affects] will not decrease the flood carrying capacity of the area of special flood hazard.

(2) Information to be Obtained and Maintained. Obtain and maintain for public inspection [and make available as needed for Flood Insurance Polices]

(A) the Flood Insurance Study and Flood Insurance Rate Maps for the County;

(B) the certified elevation of the lowest floor; (C) the flood proofing certification for spaces below the base level in

non-residential structures; (D) the certified final pad elevation where the site is filled above the

base flood level; (E) the certification that an encroachment in the floodway will not result

in any increase in flood levels during base flood discharge; (F) the certification of elevational and structural support for structures in

the coastal high hazard (i.e. tsunami) area. (3) Interpretation of Maps. Make interpretation where needed, as to the exact location of the

boundaries of the areas of special flood hazards. (4) Use of Other Base Flood Data. When base flood elevation data has not been provided by

the Federal Insurance Administration, the County Engineer shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available forma federal, state, or other sources, in order to administer this Article.

Sec. 15-1.5 Construction and Development Standards.

(a) Flood Fringe. The flood fringe areas are identification on the FIRMS as AE, AO, and AH Zones.

(1) Anchoring. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to [resist] prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure.

(2) Constructional Materials and Methods.


(A) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.

(B) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.

(C) All electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air-conditioning equipment and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during the conditions of flooding.

(3) Elevation and Flood proofing

(A) Residential Structures. All new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures within the zones a1-30, AE and AH Zones on the community’s FIRM shall have the lowest floor (including basements) elevated to or above the base flood level. Fully en closed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement and which are subject to flooding, shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of flood waters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry of flood waters.

(B) Non-residential Structures. All new construction and substantial improvement of non-residential structures shall either:

(i) Elevate the lowest floor, including basement, to or above the base flood elevation; or (ii) Together with an attendant utility and sanitary facilities be flood proofed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and have structural components capable to resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy.

(C) All manufactured homes, such as mobile homes, must be elevated above the base flood elevation.

(D) No machinery or equipment which service a building such as furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, hot water heaters, washers, dryers, elevator lift equipment, electrical junction and circuit breakers boxers and food freezers, are permitted below the base flood elevation; and

All interior wall, floor and ceiling materials located below the base flood elevation must be [unfurnished] unfinished and resistant to flood damage; and

The walls of any enclosed area below the base flood elevation must be constructed in a manner to prevent flotation, collapse and lateral movement of the structure.


(E) Building Height. Notwithstanding the maximum building height limitations as stated in overall building and wall plate height, provided in Paragraph 8-3.7 (b) (1) for single- family detached and attached residential dwellings under the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance and Paragraph 10-2.4 (e) (1) for all structures under the North Shore Development Plan Ordinance, the maximum building height in the flood fringe area shall be as follows:

(i) Within the North Shore Planning Area. No structure shall be higher than twenty-five (25) feet from the ground level or the base flood elevation plus fifteen (15) feet, whichever is greater at the site, unless a greater height is authorized by the planning commission pursuant to use a permit after review and recommendation by the North Shore Improvement Committee. (ii) Single Family Dwellings Outside the North Shore Special Planning Area. No single family detached and attached dwellings outside the North Shore Special Planning area shall be higher than thirty (30) feet from the ground plus (15) feet, whichever is greater at the site unless otherwise permitted by the planning Commission.

(4) Water and Sewer. (A) All new and replacement water supply and sanitary sewage systems shall be

designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the system and discharge from systems into flood waters.

(B) On- site waste disposal systems shall be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding. (5) Certification by Engineer or Architect. Building plans for new construction and

substantial improvements shall be certified by a registered professional structural engineer or architect that the new construction is designed in compliance with the requirements of this Section. Prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy, the elevation of the lowest [habitable] floor shall be certified by a registered professional civil engineer or surveyor.

All new construction or substantial improvements shall be designed (or modified) and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or the lateral movement of the structure resulting from the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy, be constructed with materials resistant to flood damages and be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damages.

(b)Floodway. The floodway, identified on the FIRMS, is the watercourse reserved to discharge the base flood.

(1)Development Standard. Encroachments, including fill, new construction and substantial improvements of structures, are prohibited in the flood way unless certified by a registered professional civil engineer, with the supporting data that the encroachment will not cause any increase in the base flood elevations during the occurrence of the base flood discharge. [The following uses, not involving fill, are deemed not to adversely affect the floodway and increase base flood elevations

[(A) Public and private outdoor nonstructural recreational facilities, lawn, garden and play areas; (B) Agricultural uses including faming, grazing, pasture and outdoor plant nurseries; and


(C) Drainage improvements, such as channels and stream crossings.] (2) Construction Standards. If permitted pursuant to Paragraph 15- 1,5 (b)(1), all

new construction and substantial improvements shall comply with all applicable requirements prescribed in subsection 15-1.5 (a) and Section 15- 1.6.

(3) Certification for Development. A registered professional civil engineer shall certify that the encroachment, including fill, new construction or substantial improvement will not result in any increase in base flood elevations during the occurrence of base flood discharges.

(C) Coastal High Hazard (Tsunami) Coastal high hazard areas more commonly known as tsunami inundation areas, are identified as VE Zones on the FIRMs. (1) Anchoring and Structural Support.

(A) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be securely anchored on pilings or columns.

(B) Pilings or columns used as structural support shall be designed and anchored so as to [resist] prevent flotation, collapse, and lateral movement, due to the effect s of wind and water loads acting simultaneously on all building components. The wind and water loading values shall each have a one percent chance to being equaled or exceeded in any given year.

(C) Fill is prohibited for structural support. (D) Manmade alteration of sand dunes and mangrove stands is prohibited. (E) All new construction shall be located landward of the reach of the mean of

high tide. (2) Construction Materials and Methods

(A) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.

(B) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.

(3) Elevation. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be elevated so that the lowest supporting member of the lowest floor, excluding pilings and columns, is at or above the base flood level elevation. (4) Building Height. Notwithstanding the maximum building height limitations as stated

in overall building height limitations as stated in overall building and wall plate height, provided in Paragraph 8-3.7 (b) (1) for single-family detached and residential dwellings under the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance and Paragraph 10-2.4 (e) (1) for all structures under the North Shore Development Plan Ordinance, the maximum building height in the coastal area shall be as follows:

(A) Within the North Shore Planning Area. No structure shall be higher than twenty- five (25) feet from ground level or the base flood elevation level unless a greater height is authorized by the Planning Commission pursuant to a use permit after review and recommendation by the North Shore Planning Committee.

(B) Single-family dwellings Outside the North Shore Special Planning Area. No single family detached and attached dwellings outside the North Shore Planning Special Planning area shall be higher than thirty (30) feet from the ground or the base flood elevation level plus fifteen (15) feet, whichever is greater at the site unless otherwise permitted by the Planning Commission.


(5) Enclosure of Space Below the Lowest Floor with Breakaway Walls. Space below the lowest floor may be enclosed solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage; no furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, hot water heaters, washers, dryers, elevator life equipment, electrical junction and circuit breaker boxes, and food freezers are permitted; however enclosure must only be achieved with breakaway walls, open wood lattice- work, or insect screening intended to collapse under wind and water loads without causing collapse, displacement or other structural damage to the elevated portion of the building or the supporting foundation system. A breakaway wall shall have a design safe loading resistance of 20 pounds per square foot may be permitted only if a registered professional structural engineer certifies that the design met the following conditions:

(C) Breakaway wall collapse shall result from a water load less than that which would occur during the base flood; and

(D) The elevated portion of the building and supporting foundation system shall not be subject to collapse, displacement to other structural damage due to the effects of wind and water loads acting simultaneously on all building components (structural and non-structural). Maximum wind and water loading values to be used in this determination each have a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year) 100- year mean occurrence interval.

(6)Water and Sewer (A) All new and replacement water supply and sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the system and discharge from systems into flood waters.

(B) On site waste disposal systems shall be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.

(7) Certification by Engineer or Architect. Building Plans for new construction and substantial improvements shall be certified by registered professional structural engineer to architect that the new construction or substantial improvement is designed and methods of construction that are to be used are in accordance with the accepted standards of practice for meeting the requirements of this Section. Prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy, the elevation of the bottom of the lowest structural member of the lowest floor shall be certified by methods and practices that minimize flood damages. (8)The placement of mobile homes or manufactured homes in the Coastal High Hazard Flood Zone is prohibited. (d) General Flood Plain. The general flood plain, identified as A,X and D Zones on the

FIRMS, are the areas of special flood hazards for which detailed engineering studies were not done by the Federal Insurance Administration to determine the base flood elevations and the location of floodways in the general flood plain.

(1) Determination of applicability Standards. All new construction and substantial improvements shall satisfy the requirements of Subsection 15-1.5 (a), relating to the flood fringe, or Subsection 15-1.5 (b), relating to the floodway, whichever subsection is determined to be applicable by the county Engineer to the construction or the improvement. The County Engineer shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state, to other source, including information requested by the applicant, to determine the base flood elevations and the location of floodways in the general flood plain.


(2) Construction and Development Standards. Construction and development standards provided in Subsections 15-1.5 (a) and 15-1.5(b) shall apply as determined by the County Engineer. (3 Information to be provided. The following information shall be provided the County Engineer to evaluate the proposed construction to the improvement site:

(A) Project location and site plan showing dimensions. (B) Relationship to floodway and flood fringe areas as determined by flood study. (C) Topographic data, contours, or spot elevations based on reference marks on

flood maps. (D) Existing and proposed flood-proofing and flood control measures. (E) If the State of Hawaii will allow alteration and relocation of streams, the

carrying capacity of the altered or relocated stream shall be maintained. [The County may waive any or all of the above informational

requirements or request further information, including detailed flood studies, to evaluate flood risks and determine the applicability of flood construction and development standards.

(e) Construction of Development Adjacent to Drainage Facility Outside Identified Special Food Hazard Areas.

(1) Subject to Review. All new construction and substantial developments proposed adjacent to a drainage facility outside of the special flood hazard area identified on the FIRMs shall be subject o review and approval of the County Engineer. Upon request by the County Engineer further information, including flood studies, findings and opinions by a registered professional civil engineer shall be provided to evaluate potential flooding. (2) Development and Construction Hazard.

(A) The county Engineer shall determine the applicability of the various development and construction standards provided in this Article based upon the best information provided by the applicant.

(B) No drainage facility shall be modified, constructed, lined or altered in any way unless approved by the County Engineer.

Sec 15-1.6 Development Standard For Subdivision Within the Special Flood Hazard Areas. (a) Standards. All subdivisions within the special flood hazards shall:

(1) Be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage; (2) Have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water

systems located and constructed to minimize flood damage. (3) Have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood damage

(b) Identification of Special Flood Hazards and Base Flood Level Elevations. (1) Subdivision Applications. All subdivision applications shall identify the areas of potential flood hazards and base flood elevations on the proposed sites. If such information is not provided by FIRMs, the County Engineer may request and the applicant shall provide such information (2) Elevation Information on Approved Plans. All finally approved subdivision plans for subdivisions within the special flood hazards area shall provide base flood elevations within the lots.


(3) Fill Above Base Flood Elevation. If fill is used to elevate the site of any lot above the base flood elevation, the final ground elevation of the pad shall be certified by a registered professional civil engineer or surveyor.

[Sec 15-1.7 Exemptions] (1) Reconstruction, rehabilitation, or restoration of structures listed on the

National Register of Historic Places or the State Inventory of State Historic Places;

(2) Repairs, maintenance or improvements required by state or county officials to comply with health, sanitation, building and other codes which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions;

(3) Exterior improvements to existing structures; (4) Outdoor swimming pools (non-elevated); (5) Signs; (6) Demolition; (7) Fences and retaining walls except in the floodway; (8) Carnivals, luaus, fairs and camping tents of a temporary nature; (9) Storage sheds for agriculture, lawn equipment and other similar storage sheds,

including garages and carports, except in the floodway; (10) Bathhouses, comfort stations, open park pavilions and boathouses, except

in the floodway; (11) Seawalls, bulkheads, wharves, piers and docks; (12) Other structures similar to those stated above which are consistent with

this Article as determined by the County Engineer.] [Sec. 15-1.8 Variance.

(a) Standards. A variance from this Article may be issued by the County Engineer only upon an applicant meeting the following standards:

(1) There is good and sufficient cause for requesting a variance (2) The applicant will suffer exceptional hardship should the variance be denied. (3) A variance is the minimum necessary, considering the flood hazard, to afford

relief: and (4) A variance will not increase flood heights.

(b) Considerations Applicable to Standards. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed principles and guidelines for the approval of any variance, and the intent of such is incorporated herein. These indicate that variances should be rarely granted, and compliance to flood requirements is a necessity.

An explanation of the standards are as follows: (1) Good and sufficient cause for Variance. Under this criteria, the applicant

must demonstrate that the variance request is for land which has physical characteristics so unusual that complying to flood requirements will create exceptional hardship to the applicant or surrounding land owners. The unique characteristics must pertain to the land itself and not the structure, its inhabitants or the property owner.

Under this criteria, only exceptional instances should arise where the physical characteristics of properties create a hardship sufficient to justify granting a variance. Even in a fairly common situation where an undeveloped lot is


surrounded by properties with structures built at grade and or below flood levels, a variance cannot be justified since an applicant can erect the concerned structure on pilings, etc. (2) Exceptional Hardships. Under this criteria, the hardship that would result from failure to grant a requested variance must be exceptional, unusual, and particular to the property involved. Mere economic or financial hardships alone is not exceptional. Inconvenience, aesthetic considerations, physical handicaps, personal preferences, or the disapproval of one’s neighbors cannot, as a rule, qualify as exceptional hardship. As an example, a member of a household is physically handicapped and wants a variance to build the dwelling at grade or at a lower level for access purposes. A variance should not be issued because the owner can construct a ramp or elevator to meet flood requirements. Elevation will allow the infirm or handicapped person to be evacuated in the early stage of flooding, and if there is sufficient warning or help in evacuating that person, then in all likelihood he can survive the flood by simply remaining in the home safely above the levels of floodwater. (4) Increased Flood Heights. Under this criteria, an applicant must demonstrate

that flood levels will not be raised above the base flood elevations. (5) Minimum to Afford Relief. Under this criteria, the variance that is granted

should be for the minimum deviation from the flood requirements that will still alleviate the hardship. In the case of variance to an elevation requirement, this does not mean approval to build at grade level or to whatever elevation an applicant proposes, but rather to a level that the County Engineer determines will both provide relief and preserve the integrity of the flood ordinance.

(c) Conditions for Variance. Such conditions may include: (1) Modification of the construction or substantial improvement including the

sewer and water supply facilities (2) Limitations on periods of use and operation (3) Imposition of operational controls, sureties ad deed restrictions (4) Requirements for construction of channels, dikes, levee and other flood-

protective measures. (5) Flood- proofing measures designed consistent with the regulatory flood

elevation, flood velocities, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces and other factors associated with the base flood.

(6) Other conditions as may be required by the County Engineer. (d) Application for Variance. An application for a variance shall be submitted to the

County Engineer signed and stamped by a registered professional engineer or architect and shall include three (3) sets of documents with the following information as may be applicable.

(1) Plans and specifications showing the site and location; dimensions of all property lines and topographic elevation of the lot; existing and proposed structures and improvements, fill, storage area; location and elevations of existing and proposed streets and utilities; flood-proofing measures;


relationship of the site to the location of the flood boundary; floodway and the existing and proposed flood control measures and improvements.

(2) Cross- sections and profile of the area and the regulatory flood elevations and profile based on elevation reference marks on flood maps.

(3) Flood study and drainage report in areas where study and report have not been reviewed and accepted by the County.

(4) Description of surrounding properties and existing structures and uses and the effect of the regulatory flood on them caused by the variance.

(5) Evaluation and supporting information for the variance with respect to each of the four (4) factors to be considered by the County Engineer as listed in Subsection 15-1.8 (b).

(6) An agreement that a covenant will be inserted in the deed and other conveyance documents of the property and filed with the Bureau of Conveyances of the State of Hawaii stating that the property is located in a flood hazard area subject to flooding and flood damage; that a flood hazard variance to reconstruct a structure below the base flood elevation will result in increased flood insurance premium rates and owners will not file any lawsuit or action against the Count for cost or damages or any claim; that the property owners will indemnify and hold harmless the County from liability when such loss, damage , injury or death results due to flood hazard variance and flooding of property, and that upon approval of the variance , the covenants shall be fully executed and proof filing with the Bureau of Conveyances shall be submitted to the County Engineer prior to the issuance of a building permit.

(7) Such other information as may be relevant and requested by the County Engineer.]

Sec. [15-1.9] 15-1.7 Nonconforming structures. Any non conforming structure existing on the effective date if is Article March 31, 1987, may continue subject to the following conditions:

(1) Any repair, reconstruction, improvement or addition to a non conforming structure, if it is considered to be substantial improvement, shall comply with the applicable standards for a special flood hazard area; provided, however, that substantial improvement of a damaged, destroyed, or demolished structure located in a floodway will not be allowed unless a variance from the flood requirements is obtained.

(2) All relocated structures shall comply with the applicable standards for the special flood hazard area.

[Sec. 15-1.10] Appeals.

An applicant may appeal to the Board of appeals of the County of Kauai when it is alleged that an error was made in any requirement, decision, or determination or from an adverse variance application decision by the County Engineer, by filing a notice of appeal within twenty-one (21) days after notification of the adverse decision. Such notice shall identify the provision(s) of this Article from which the appeal is taken and the reasons fro the appeal. In the review and hearing of the appeal, The Board of Appeals shall apply the standards established in this Article.]

Sec [15-1.11] 15-1.8 Penalties and Enforcement


(a) Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this Article shall be deemed guilty or a misdemeanor and each such person shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for each and every day or portion thereof during which any violation of any of the provision of this Article is committed, continued or permitted and upon conviction of any such violation such person shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred ($500) or by imprisonment for not more than ninety (90) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

(b) Any building, structure, improvement or development constructed or maintained contrary to the provision of thesis Article is deemed unlawful and a public nuisance, The County may commence a civil action for the abatement, removal or enjoinment thereof in any manner provided by law.

( c) The remedies provided in this Article are cumulative and nonexclusive.:

SECTION 3. Severability

If any provision of this Ordinance, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions of applications of the Ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provisions or application, and to this end, the provisions of this Ordinance are severable.

SECTION 4. Material to be repealed is bracketed. New material is underscored. The bracketed material and underscoring need not be included in any future publication of the Ordinance.

SECTION 5. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.

INTRODUCED By:/s/ JESSE FUKUSHIMA

DATE OF INTRODUCTION:

April 28, 1993

Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii Ordinance No. 696 Bill No 1751, Draft 1

AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE, CHAPTER 15, ARTICLE 1 OF THE KAUAI COUNTY CODE, 1987, TO REVISE AND

UPDATE THE FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS (FIRMS) IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM


BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF KAUAI, STATE OF HAWAII: Section 1. Legislative Findings and Purpose. The County Council enacted this Ordinance in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (pub. L 90-440 and 91-152), as amended, and continue the County’s participation in the Program so as to enable property owners in the flood- prone areas of the County to obtain flood insurance and to assure future federal financial assistance for the County for use in such areas. The Legislature of the State of Hawaii has in H.R.S. Section 46-11 authorized various counties to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and the Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai which were last amended in 1987 needs to be updated and revised. Therefore, the County Council of the County of Kauai does ordain as follows: Section 2. That Chapter 15, Article 1, Kauai County Code 1987 relating to Flood Plain Management, is hereby amended to read as follows: “Sec. 15-1.2 General Provisions.

(f) Statutory authority. The Article is enacted pursuant to the U.S. National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Public Laws 90-418 and 91-152), as amended, and the U.S. Disaster Flood Protection of 1973 (Public Law 93-234), as amended.

(g) Lands Subject to this Article. This article shall apply to all areas of special flood hazards identified by the Federal Insurance Administration in a scientific and engineering report entitled “the Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai,” [dated March 4, 1987] December 9,1994 and September 30, 1995, with the accompanying Flood Insurance Rate Maps; and lands outside the identified special floods hazard areas encompassing and adjacent to a river, stream, storm water channel, outfall area or other inland water or drainage facility determined by the County Engineer to be subject to special flood hazards. The different special flood hazard areas are as follows:

(1) Flood Fringe-AE and AH zones

(2) Floodway

(3) Coastal High Hazard (Tsunami)—VE Zones

(4) General Flood Plain—A,X and D zones

(5) Land Adjacent to Drainage Facility

(6) “The Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai,” dated March 4,

1987 and September 30, 1995 with the following Flood Insurance Rate


Maps that are dated March 4, 1987 with panel numbers 0030C, 0035C, 0055C, 0070C, 0135C, 0201C, 0202C, 0203C, 0204C, 0185C, 0180c, and 0100C and dated September 30, 1995 with panel numbers 0130D, 0140D, 0152D, 0156D, 0157D, 0160D, 0186D, 0190D, 0191D, 0192D and 0194D.

(h) Compliance; Effective Date. No Structure or land shall hereafter be

constructed, located, extended, converted or altered without full compliance with the terms of this article and other applicable regulations.

This Article shall take affect on [March 31, 1987] September 30, 1995.

(i) Other Laws and Regulations. All construction and improvements subject to

this Article shall comply with other applicable laws and regulations including but not limited to, the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance, Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Subdivision Code, and Grading Ordinance. This article, designed to reduce flood losses, shall take precedence over any less restrictive, conflicting laws, ordinances and regulations.

(e) Interpretation. In the interpretation and application of this article shall be:

(1) Considered as minimum requirements;

(2) Liberally construed in favor of the County; and

(3) Deemed neither to limit nor repeal any other powers granted under state statues.

(f) Warning and Disclaimer of Liability. The degree of flood protection

required by this Article is considered reasonable for regulatory purposes and is based on scientific and engineering considerations. Larger floods can and will occur on rare occasions. Flood heights may be increased by man-made or natural causes. This Article does not imply that land outside the areas of special flood hazards or uses permitted within such areas will be free from flooding or flood damages. This Article shall not create liability on the part of the County of Kauai, any officer or employee thereof, or the Federal Insurance Administration, for any flood damage that result from reliance on this Article or any administrative decision lawfully made thereunder.”

SECTION 3. Severability If any provision of this Ordinance, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions of applications of the Ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this Ordinance are severable.


SECTION 4. Material to be repealed is bracketed. New material is underscored. The bracketed material and underscoring need not be included in any future publication of this Ordinance. SECTION 5. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: /s/ NELSON J. SECRETARIO

(By Request) Date of Introduction: August 9, 1995 Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii


ORDINANCE NO. 788

AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE, CHAPTER 15, ARTICLE 1, OF THE KAUAI COUNTY CODE, 1987, TO REVISE

ANDUPDATE THE FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS (FIRMS) IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM

BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF KAUAI, STATE OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Legislative Findings and Purpose. The County Council enacted the Flood Plain Management Ordinance in accordance with the National Flood Insurance Program pursuant to the National Disaster Protection Act of 1968 (Pub. L. 90-440 and 91-152), as amended, and the Flood of Disaster 1973 (Pub. L. 93-234), to continue the County’s participation in the Program to enable property owners in flood-prone areas of the County to obtain flood insurance and to assure future federal assistance for the County for use in such areas. The Legislature of the State of Hawaii through H.R.S. Section 46-11 authorized the various counties to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) and the Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai must be updated and revised from time to time to satisfy the standards set forth in paragraph 60.3 (d and e) of the NFIP regulations. Therefore, the County Council of the County of Kauai ordain as follows: SECTION 2. That Chapter 15, Article 1, Kauai County Code 1987 relating to Flood Plain Management, is hereby amended to read as follows: “Sec. 15-1.2 General Provisions.

(a) Statutory Authority. This Article is enacted pursuant to the U.S. National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Public Laws 90-148 and 91-152), as amended, and the U.S. Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-234) as amended.

(b) Lands Subject to this Article. This Article shall apply to all areas of special

flood hazards identified by the Federal Insurance Administration in a scientific and engineering report entitled “The Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai,” dated December 9, 1994, [and] September 30, 1995 and October 18, 2002 with accompanying Flood Insurance Rate Maps, and lands outside the identified special flood hazard areas encompassing and adjacent to a river, stream, storm water channel, outfall area, or other inland water or drainage facility determined by the County Engineer to be subject to special flood hazards. The different special flood hazards are as follows:

(1) Flood Fringe-AE and AH zones


(2) Floodway

(3) Coastal High Hazard (Tsunami)—VE Zones

(4) General Flood Plain—A,X and D zones

(5) Land Adjacent to Drainage Facility

(6) “The Flood Insurance Study for the County of Kauai,” dated March 4, 1987 and September 30, 1995, and October 18, 2002, with the following Flood Insurance Rate Maps that are dated March 4, 1987 with panel numbers 0030C, 0035C, 0055C, 0070C, 0135C, 0201C, 0202C, 0203C, 0204C, 0185C, 0180c, and 0100C and dated September 30, 1995 with panel numbers 0130D, 0140D, 0152D, 0156D, 0157D, 0160D, 0186D, 0190D, 0191D, 0192D and 0194D [,] and dated October 18,2002 with panel numbers 0030D,0035D, 0045D, and 0355D.

(c) Compliance; Effective Date. No Structure or land shall hereafter be

constructed, located, extended, converted or altered without full compliance with the terms of this article and other applicable regulations.

This Article shall take affect on [September 30, 1995] October 18, 2002.

(d) Other Laws and Regulations. All construction and improvements subject to

this Article shall comply with other applicable laws and regulations including but not limited to, the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance, Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Subdivision Code, and Grading Ordinance. This article, designed to reduce flood losses, shall take precedence over any less restrictive, conflicting laws, ordinances and regulations.

(e) Interpretation. In the interpretation and application of this article shall be:

(1) Considered as minimum requirements;

(2) Liberally construed in favor of the County; and

(3) Deemed neither to limit nor repeal any other powers granted under state statues.

(f) Warning and Disclaimer of Liability. The degree of flood protection

required by this Article is considered reasonable for regulatory purposes and is based on scientific and engineering considerations. Larger floods can and will occur on rare occasions. Flood heights may be increased by man-made or natural causes. This Article does not imply that land outside the areas of special flood hazards or uses permitted within such areas will be free from flooding or flood



damages. This Article shall not create liability on the part of the County of Kauai, any officer or employee thereof, or the Federal Insurance Administration, for any flood damage that result from reliance on this Article or any administrative decision lawfully made thereunder.”

SECTION 3. Severability If any provision of this Ordinance, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions of applications of the Ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this Ordinance are severable. SECTION 4. Material to be repealed is bracketed. New material is underscored. The bracketed material and underscoring need not be included in any future publication of this Ordinance. SECTION 5. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: /s/ RON KOUCHI (By Request)

DATE OF INTRODUCTION: July 11, 2002 Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii

Chapter 6: Appendix 2 Safe Room Ordinance

ORDINANCE NO. 752 BILL NO. 1958, Draft 1

A BILL FOR AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ARTICLE 11 OF CHAPTER 5A, KAUAI COUNTY CODE 1987,

RELATING TO REAL PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF KAUAI, STATE OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Purpose. The purpose of this ordinance is to provide real property tax exemption to residential homeowners who construct safe rooms which meet the minimum design specifications listed below. The construction of a safe room will provide the citizens of Kauai with additional shelter during hurricane and high winds conditions and decrease public shelter requirements during such conditions in the future. SECTION 2. A new section shall be added to Article 11. Exemptions, Chapter 5A, Kauai County Code 1987, to read as follows:

“Sec. 5A-11.27 Safe Room Exemption.

(a) Definitions. When used in this section 5A-11.27:

“Owner” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Article 7, Sec. 5A-7.1, Kauai County Code.

“Safe Room” means a windowless room within a residence or within an accessory

building to a residence, designed and constructed to resist the effects of wind pressures and to resist the impact from windborne debris which, upon completion of construction, meets the following minimum design specifications:

(1) Location – The safe room shall not be located in a flood zone, storm surge, or other area

susceptible to flooding.

(2) Access – The safe room must be readily and easily accessible to persons residing within the residence.

(3) Load Criteria – Design and construction of the safe room shall be for wind loads of not less than 250 miles per hour, in accordance with American Society of Civil Engineers Standard Number 7-98 Minimum Design Loads For Buildings And Other Structures with an Importance Factor (I) of 1.0, a Directional Factor (Kd) of 1.0, a Minimum Site Exposure of C, and as recommended by the Federal Emergency Management Agency

County of Kaua‘i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Mitigation Strategy Appendix Chapter 6 ‐ 23

(hereafter FEMA) publication 320 ‘Taking Shelter From The Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House,’August 1999 edition, as amended.

(4) Missile Impact Criteria – Design and construction of the safe room shall be for missile impact not less than or equal to a fifteen (15) pound, wooden, two (2) inch-by-four (4) inch beam, striking on one-end, perpendicular to any building component, traveling at not less than 100 miles per hour, in accordance with systems tested, approved, and recommended by FEMA 361 ‘Design and Construction Guidance For Community Shelters,’ July 1999 edition, as amended.

(5) Size Criteria – Shall contain not less than forty (40) square feet of interior floor space or ten (10) square feet of interior space per occupant, whichever is more.

(6) Ventilation – Shall be in accordance with the Building Code of the County of Kauai, Chapter 12, Kauai County Code 1987.

(7) References – The Safe Room shall be designed and constructed pursuant to standards which at a minimum are in compliance with FEMA 320 ‘Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House,’ August 1999 edition, as amended, and FEMA 361 ‘Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters,’ July 1999 edition, as amended.

(b) Application for Eligibility. The owner of real property with a residential building(s), which meets the safe room definition, may apply to the Director pursuant to K.C.C. 1987, sec 5A-11.1 for a safe room exemption. No exemption shall be granted unless the owner has submitted to the Director an acceptable certification from an architect or structural engineer licensed to practice in the State of Hawaii stating that the completed safe room meets the minimum FEMA and Building Code specifications for a safe room.

(c) Partial Valuation Exemption. Residential buildings or accessory buildings to a residence certified as containing one (1) or more safe rooms shall receive an exemption of $40,000 per residence. SECTION 3. Sec. 5A-1.1 Kauai County Code 1987, is further amended to read as

follows: “Sec. 5A-11.1 Claim for Certain Exemptions.

(a) None of the exemptions from taxation granted in Sections 5A-11.4, 5A-11.6 to 5A-11.11, [and] 5A-11.27 shall be allowed in any case, unless the claimant shall have filed with the Director of Finance, on or before December 31 preceding the tax year for which such exemption is claimed, a claim for exemption in such form as shall be prescribed by the department.



SECTION 4. Ordinance material to be repealed is bracketed. New material is underscored. When revising, compiling, or printing this ordinance for inclusion in the Kauai County Code, the revisor of ordinance need not include the brackets, the bracketed material, or the underscoring.

SECTION 5. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.

Introduced by: /s/ James Kunane Tokioka (By Request)

Date of Introduction: September 20, 2000 Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii

Chapter 6 Appendix 3 State Law – Hawai‘i Coastal Zone Management Act

CHAPTER 205A

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

Part I. Coastal Zone Management

Section

205A-1 Definitions

205A-2 Coastal zone management program; objectives and policies

205A-3 Lead agency

205A-3.5 Public advisory body; establishment; composition

205A-4 Implementation of objectives, policies, and guidelines

205A-5 Compliance

205A-6 Cause of action

Part II. Special Management Areas

205A-21 Findings and purposes

205A-22 Definitions

205A-23 County special management area boundaries

205A-24, 25 Repealed

205A-26 Special management area guidelines

205A-27 Designation of special management area authority

205A-28 Permit required for development

205A-29 Special management area use permit procedure

205A-30 Emergency and minor permits


205A-31 Repealed

205A-32 Penalties

205A-33 Injunctions

Part III. Shoreline Setbacks

205A-41 Definitions

205A-42 Determination of the shoreline

205A-43 Establishment of shoreline setbacks and duties and powers of the department

205A-43.5 Powers and duties of the authority

205A-43.6 Enforcement of shoreline setbacks

205A-44 Prohibitions

205A-45 Shoreline setback lines established by county

205A-46 Variances

205A-47 Repealed

205A-48 Conflict of other laws

205A-49 Adoption of rules

Part IV. Marine and Coastal Affairs

205A-61 Definitions

205A-62 Duties and responsibilities of the lead agency

205A-63 Agency duties to coordinate related programs

205A-64 Public participation

HRS 0205A- ANNOTATIONS

Cross References

Kaho`olawe island reserve, see chapter 6K.


Law Journals and Reviews

Native Hawaiian Cultural Practices Under Threat. I HBJ No. 13, at pg. 1.

Timesharing in the 1990s. I HBJ No. 13, at pg. 89.

Sandy Beach Defense Fund v. City and County of Honolulu: The Sufficiency of Legislative Hearings in an Administrative Setting. 12 UH L. Rev. 499.

Shoreline Setback Regulations and the Takings Analysis. 13 UH L. Rev. 1.

The Lum Court, Land Use, and the Environment: A Survey of Hawai`i Case Law 1983 to 1991. 14 UH L. Rev. 119.

Public Access Shoreline Hawaii v. Hawaii County Planning Commission: The Affirmative Duty to Consider the Effect of Development on Native Hawaiian Gathering Rights. 16 UH L. Rev. 303.

Case Notes

Existence of chapter does not preclude private right of action to force beach access. 65 H. 383, 652 P.2d 1130.

Chapter requires county planning commission to give cultural interests asserted by public interest group "full consideration" and obligates commission to "preserve and protect" native Hawaiian rights to the extent feasible when issuing SMA permits. 79 H. 425, 903 P.2d 1246.

Chapter does not apply to any development, existing or planned, for which permits listed in L 1975, c 176, §3 were issued or ordinances were passed prior to December 1, 1975. 4 H. App. 304, 666 P.2d 177.

PART I. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

§205A-1 Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

"Agency" means any agency, board, commission, department, or officer of a county government or the state government, including the authority as defined in part II;

"Coastal zone management area" means all lands of the State and the area extending seaward from the shoreline to the limit of


the State's police power and management authority, including the United States territorial sea;

"Coastal zone management program" means the comprehensive statement in words, maps, or other permanent media of communication, prepared, approved for submission, and amended by the State and approved by the United States government pursuant to Public Law No. 92-583, as amended, and the federal regulations adopted pursuant thereto, which describes objectives, policies, laws, standards, and procedures to guide and regulate public and private uses in the coastal zone management area, provided however the "coastal zone management program" is consistent with the intent, purpose, and provisions of this chapter;

"Land" means the earth, water, and air above, below, or on the surface;

"Lead agency" means the office of planning;

"Person" means an individual, corporation, or partnership, and an organization or association, whether or not incorporated;

"Public advisory body" means the advisory body established in section 205A-3.5;

"Shoreline" means the upper reaches of the wash of the waves, other than storm and seismic waves, at high tide during the season of the year in which the highest wash of the waves occurs, usually evidenced by the edge of vegetation growth, or the upper limit of debris left by the wash of the waves. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1979, c 200, §1; am L 1983, c 124, §7; am L 1986, c 258, §2; am L 1987, c 336, §7; am L 1988, c 352, §4; am L 1989, c 356, §4; am L 1990, c 126, §7; am L 1993, c 91, §2; am L 1995, c 104, §4; am L 1996, c 299, §3; am L 2001, c 169, §2]

HRS 0205A-0001 ANNOTATIONS

Note

Former Part I, Long Range Goals, §§205A-1 to 3, repealed by L 1977, c 188, §2.

§205A-2 Coastal zone management program; objectives and policies. (a) The objectives and policies in this section shall apply to all parts of this chapter.


(b) Objectives.

(1) Recreational resources;

(A) Provide coastal recreational opportunities accessible to the public.

(2) Historic resources;

(A) Protect, preserve, and, where desirable, restore those natural and manmade historic and prehistoric resources in the coastal zone management area that are significant in Hawaiian and American history and culture.

(3) Scenic and open space resources;

(A) Protect, preserve, and, where desirable, restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources.

(4) Coastal ecosystems;

(A) Protect valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, from disruption and minimize adverse impacts on all coastal ecosystems.

(5) Economic uses;

(A) Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in suitable locations.

(6) Coastal hazards;

(A) Reduce hazard to life and property from tsunami, storm waves, stream flooding, erosion, subsidence, and pollution.

(7) Managing development;

(A) Improve the development review process, communication, and public participation in the management of coastal resources and hazards.

(8) Public participation;

(A) Stimulate public awareness, education, and participation in coastal management.

(9) Beach protection;


(A) Protect beaches for public use and recreation.

(10) Marine resources;

(A) Promote the protection, use, and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainability.

(c) Policies.

(1) Recreational resources;

(A) Improve coordination and funding of coastal recreational planning and management; and

(B) Provide adequate, accessible, and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area by:

(i) Protecting coastal resources uniquely suited for recreational activities that cannot be provided in other areas;

(ii) Requiring replacement of coastal resources having significant recreational value including, but not limited to, surfing sites, fishponds, and sand beaches, when such resources will be unavoidably damaged by development; or requiring reasonable monetary compensation to the State for recreation when replacement is not feasible or desirable;

(iii) Providing and managing adequate public access, consistent with conservation of natural resources, to and along shorelines with recreational value;

(iv) Providing an adequate supply of shoreline parks and other recreational facilities suitable for public recreation;

(v) Ensuring public recreational uses of county, state, and federally owned or controlled shoreline lands and waters having recreational value consistent with public safety standards and conservation of natural resources;

(vi) Adopting water quality standards and regulating point and nonpoint sources of pollution to protect, and where feasible, restore the recreational value of coastal waters;

(vii) Developing new shoreline recreational opportunities, where appropriate, such as artificial lagoons, artificial beaches, and artificial reefs for surfing and fishing; and


(viii) Encouraging reasonable dedication of shoreline areas with recreational value for public use as part of discretionary approvals or permits by the land use commission, board of land and natural resources, and county authorities; and crediting such dedication against the requirements of section 46-6.

(2) Historic resources;

(A) Identify and analyze significant archaeological resources;

(B) Maximize information retention through preservation of remains and artifacts or salvage operations; and

(C) Support state goals for protection, restoration, interpretation, and display of historic resources.

(3) Scenic and open space resources;

(A) Identify valued scenic resources in the coastal zone management area;

(B) Ensure that new developments are compatible with their visual environment by designing and locating such developments to minimize the alteration of natural landforms and existing public views to and along the shoreline;

(C) Preserve, maintain, and, where desirable, improve and restore shoreline open space and scenic resources; and

(D) Encourage those developments that are not coastal dependent to locate in inland areas.

(4) Coastal ecosystems;

(A) Exercise an overall conservation ethic, and practice stewardship in the protection, use, and development of marine and coastal resources;

(B) Improve the technical basis for natural resource management;

(C) Preserve valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, of significant biological or economic importance;

(D) Minimize disruption or degradation of coastal water ecosystems by effective regulation of stream diversions, channelization, and similar land and water uses, recognizing competing water needs; and


(E) Promote water quantity and quality planning and management practices that reflect the tolerance of fresh water and marine ecosystems and maintain and enhance water quality through the development and implementation of point and nonpoint source water pollution control measures.

(5) Economic uses;

(A) Concentrate coastal dependent development in appropriate areas;

(B) Ensure that coastal dependent development such as harbors and ports, and coastal related development such as visitor industry facilities and energy generating facilities, are located, designed, and constructed to minimize adverse social, visual, and environmental impacts in the coastal zone management area; and

(C) Direct the location and expansion of coastal dependent developments to areas presently designated and used for such developments and permit reasonable long-term growth at such areas, and permit coastal dependent development outside of presently designated areas when:

(i) Use of presently designated locations is not feasible;

(ii) Adverse environmental effects are minimized; and

(iii) The development is important to the State's economy.

(6) Coastal hazards;

(A) Develop and communicate adequate information about storm wave, tsunami, flood, erosion, subsidence, and point and nonpoint source pollution hazards;

(B) Control development in areas subject to storm wave, tsunami, flood, erosion, hurricane, wind, subsidence, and point and nonpoint source pollution hazards;

(C) Ensure that developments comply with requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance Program; and

(D) Prevent coastal flooding from inland projects.

(7) Managing development;

(A) Use, implement, and enforce existing law effectively to the maximum extent possible in managing present and future coastal zone development;


(B) Facilitate timely processing of applications for development permits and resolve overlapping or conflicting permit requirements; and

(C) Communicate the potential short and long-term impacts of proposed significant coastal developments early in their life cycle and in terms understandable to the public to facilitate public participation in the planning and review process.

(8) Public participation;

(A) Promote public involvement in coastal zone management processes;

(B) Disseminate information on coastal management issues by means of educational materials, published reports, staff contact, and public workshops for persons and organizations concerned with coastal issues, developments, and government activities; and

(C) Organize workshops, policy dialogues, and site-specific mediations to respond to coastal issues and conflicts.

(9) Beach protection;

(A) Locate new structures inland from the shoreline setback to conserve open space, minimize interference with natural shoreline processes, and minimize loss of improvements due to erosion;

(B) Prohibit construction of private erosion-protection structures seaward of the shoreline, except when they result in improved aesthetic and engineering solutions to erosion at the sites and do not interfere with existing recreational and waterline activities; and

(C) Minimize the construction of public erosion-protection structures seaward of the shoreline.

(10) Marine resources;

(A) Ensure that the use and development of marine and coastal resources are ecologically and environmentally sound and economically beneficial;

(B) Coordinate the management of marine and coastal resources and activities to improve effectiveness and efficiency;


(C) Assert and articulate the interests of the State as a partner with federal agencies in the sound management of ocean resources within the United States exclusive economic zone;

(D) Promote research, study, and understanding of ocean processes, marine life, and other ocean resources in order to acquire and inventory information necessary to understand how ocean development activities relate to and impact upon ocean and coastal resources; and

(E) Encourage research and development of new, innovative technologies for exploring, using, or protecting marine and coastal resources. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1993, c 258, §1; am L 1994, c 3, §1; am L 1995, c 104, §5; am L 2001, c 169, §3]



Beach Access: A Public Right? 23 HBJ 65.

§205A-3 Lead agency. The lead agency shall:

(1) Receive, disburse, use, expend, and account for all funds that are made available by the United States and the State for the coastal zone management program;

(2) Provide support and assistance in the administration of the coastal zone management program;

(3) Review federal programs, federal permits, federal licenses, and federal development proposals for consistency with the coastal zone management program;

(4) Consult with the counties and the public in preparing guidelines to further specify and clarify the objectives and policies of this chapter to be submitted twenty days prior to the convening of any regular session of the legislature for review, modification, or enactment by the legislature;

(5) Conduct a continuing review of the administration of the coastal zone management program and of the compliance of state and county agencies with the objectives and policies of this chapter;


(6) Facilitate public participation in the coastal zone management program, including the maintenance of a public advisory body to identify coastal management problems and to provide policy advice and assistance to the lead agency;

(7) Prepare and periodically update a plan for use of coastal zone management funds to resolve coastal problems and issues that are not adequately addressed by existing laws and rules;

(8) Advocate agency compliance with chapter 205A;

(9) Monitor the coastal zone management-related enforcement activities of the state and county agencies responsible for the administration of the objectives and policies of this chapter;

(10) Prepare an annual report to the governor and the legislature which shall include recommendations for enactment of any legislation necessary to require any agency to comply with the objectives and policies of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature; and

(11) Coordinate the implementation of the ocean resources management plan. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1979, c 200, §2; am L 1989, c 356, §5; am L 1993, c 258, §2; am L 1995, c 104, §6; am L 2001, c 169, §4]

§205A-3.5 Public advisory body; establishment; composition. (a) There is established within the lead agency a public advisory body that shall provide support to the lead agency as set forth in subsection (f).

(b) The public advisory body shall be composed of not more than twelve members who shall be appointed by the director of the lead agency for staggered terms of not more than three years. These members shall be selected with consideration given to the following criteria:

(1) Statewide geographic distribution; and

(2) Balanced representation from among the following interests: business, environment, practitioners of native Hawaiian culture, terrestrial and marine commerce, recreation, research, and tourism.

The lead agency shall undertake widespread solicitation of applications from persons who are interested in serving on the public advisory body.


(c) The public advisory body shall select its own chair from among its members.

(d) The public advisory body may establish working groups as needed. Working group members may include persons who are not members of the public advisory body.

(e) Public advisory body and working group members shall serve without compensation.

(f) The public advisory body shall support the lead agency by providing advice regarding marine and coastal zone management planning, coordination, and facilitation of functions of the coastal zone management program. It shall:

(1) Evaluate the state coastal zone management program, including activity of the network agencies, and make recommendations for improvements;

(2) Advocate for the program to the public and the executive and legislative branches of government; and

(3) Advocate, provide for, and act upon citizen input.

(g) The public advisory body shall work toward the implementation of an integrated and comprehensive management system for marine and coastal zone resources, consistent with the objectives and policies established in this chapter. [L 1995, c 104, §3; am L 2001, c 169, §5]

§205A-4 Implementation of objectives, policies, and guidelines. (a) In implementing the objectives of the coastal zone management program, the agencies shall give full consideration to ecological, cultural, historic, esthetic, recreational, scenic, and open space values, and coastal hazards, as well as to needs for economic development.

(b) The objectives and policies of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature shall be binding upon actions within the coastal zone management area by all agencies, within the scope of their authority. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1979, c 200, §3; am L 1989, c 356, §6]

§205A-5 Compliance. (a) All agencies shall ensure that their rules comply with the objectives and policies of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature.


(b) All agencies shall enforce the objectives and policies of this chapter and any rules adopted pursuant to this chapter. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1979, c 200, §4; am L 1989, c 356, §7; am L 1993, c 258, §3]

§205A-6 Cause of action. (a) Subject to chapters 661 and 662, any person or agency may commence a civil action alleging that any agency:

(1) Is not in compliance with one or more of the objectives, policies, and guidelines provided or authorized by this chapter within the special management area and the waters from the shoreline to the seaward limit of the State's jurisdiction; or

(2) Has failed to perform any act or duty required to be performed under this chapter; or

(3) In exercising any duty required to be performed under this chapter, has not complied with the provisions of this chapter.

(b) In any action brought under this section, the lead agency, if not a party, may intervene as a matter of right.

(c) A court, in any action brought under this section, shall have jurisdiction to provide any relief as may be appropriate, including a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction.

(d) Any action brought under this section shall be commenced within sixty days of the act which is the basis of the action.

(e) Nothing in this section shall restrict any right that any person may have to assert any other claim or bring any other action. [L 1977, c 188, pt of §3; am L 1979, c 200, §5]


Case Notes

Judicial intervention under this section should not precede resolution of issues by administrative agency. 69 H. 81, 734 P.2d 161.

Section allowed plaintiff to bring generic declaratory action under §632-1 without the need to proceed under this section. 75 H. 237, 858 P.2d 726.


PART II. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREAS

§205A-21 Findings and purposes. The legislature finds that, special controls on developments within an area along the shoreline are necessary to avoid permanent losses of valuable resources and the foreclosure of management options, and to ensure that adequate access, by dedication or other means, to public owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves is provided. The legislature finds and declares that it is the state policy to preserve, protect, and where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zone of Hawaii. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 188, §5]


Note

Part heading amended by L 1979, c 200, §6.

***********************************************************************

ANNOTATIONS ABOVE RELATE TO ARTICLE, CHAPTER, OR PART HEADING;

ANNOTATIONS BELOW ARE FOR SECTION ONLY.

***********************************************************************


The Protection of Individual Rights Under Hawai`i's Constitution. 14 UH L. Rev. 311.

§205A-22 Definitions. As used in this part, unless the context otherwise requires:

"Applicant" means any individual, organization, partnership, or corporation, including any utility and any agency of government.

"Authority" means the county planning commission, except in counties where the county planning commission is advisory only, in which case "authority" means the county council or such body as the council may by ordinance designate. The authority may, as appropriate, delegate the responsibility for administering this part.


"Department" means the planning department in the counties of Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii, and the department of land utilization in the city and county of Honolulu, or other appropriate agency as designated by the county councils.

"Development" means any of the uses, activities, or operations on land or in or under water within a special management area that are included below:

(1) Placement or erection of any solid material or any gaseous, liquid, solid, or thermal waste;

(2) Grading, removing, dredging, mining, or extraction of any materials;

(3) Change in the density or intensity of use of land, including but not limited to the division or subdivision of land;

(4) Change in the intensity of use of water, ecology related thereto, or of access thereto; and

(5) Construction, reconstruction, demolition, or alteration of the size of any structure.

"Development" does not include the following:

(1) Construction of a single-family residence that is not part of a larger development;

(2) Repair or maintenance of roads and highways within existing rights-of-way;

(3) Routine maintenance dredging of existing streams, channels, and drainage ways;

(4) Repair and maintenance of underground utility lines, including but not limited to water, sewer, power, and telephone and minor appurtenant structures such as pad mounted transformers and sewer pump stations;

(5) Zoning variances, except for height, density, parking, and shoreline setback;


(6) Repair, maintenance, or interior alterations to existing structures;

(7) Demolition or removal of structures, except those structures located on any historic site as designated in national or state registers;

(8) Use of any land for the purpose of cultivating, planting, growing, and harvesting plants, crops, trees, and other agricultural, horticultural, or forestry products or animal husbandry, or aquaculture or mariculture of plants or animals, or other agricultural purposes;

(9) Transfer of title to land;

(10) Creation or termination of easements, covenants, or other rights in structures or land;

(11) Subdivision of land into lots greater than twenty acres in size;

(12) Subdivision of a parcel of land into four or fewer parcels when no associated construction activities are proposed; provided that any land which is so subdivided shall not thereafter qualify for this exception with respect to any subsequent subdivision of any of the resulting parcels;

(13) Installation of underground utility lines and appurtenant aboveground fixtures less than four feet in height along existing corridors;

(14) Structural and nonstructural improvements to existing single-family residences, where otherwise permissible; and

(15) Nonstructural improvements to existing commercial structures;


provided that whenever the authority finds that any excluded use, activity, or operation may have a cumulative impact, or a significant environmental or ecological effect on a special management area, that use, activity, or operation shall be defined as "development" for the purpose of this part.

"Special management area" means the land extending inland from the shoreline as delineated on the maps filed with the authority as of June 8, 1977, or as amended pursuant to section 205A-23.

"Special management area emergency permit" means an action by the authority authorizing development in cases of emergency requiring immediate action to prevent substantial physical harm to persons or property or to allow the reconstruction of structures damaged by natural hazards to their original form; provided that such structures were previously found to be in compliance with requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance Program.

"Special management area minor permit" means an action by the authority authorizing development the valuation of which is not in excess of $125,000 and which has no substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, taking into account potential cumulative effects.

"Special management area use permit" means an action by the authority authorizing development the valuation of which exceeds $125,000 or which may have a substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, taking into account potential cumulative effects.

"Structure" includes but is not limited to any building, road, pipe, flume, conduit, siphon, aqueduct, telephone line, and electrical power transmission and distribution line.

"Valuation" shall be determined by the authority and means the estimated cost to replace the structure in kind based on current replacement costs, or in the cases of other development as defined above, the fair market value of the development. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 188, §6; am L 1979, c 200, §7; am L 1982, c 126, §1; am L 1983, c 124, §8; am L 1984, c 113, §1; am L 1991, c 129, §1; am L 1993, c 258, §4; am L 2001, c 169, §6]


Attorney General Opinions


"Special management area" must be shoreline or coastal water related land. Att. Gen. Op. 75-18.

Case Notes

Where no express procedure provided in Maui charter or Maui special management area rules for appeal of Maui planning director's decision on a minor permit application to the Maui planning commission, and commission delegated authority to render final decision on minor permit applications to director pursuant to this section, director's decision not to process developer's application was a final decision equivalent to a denial of the application and was thus appealable under §91-14(a). 88 H. 108, 962 P.2d 367.

Where defendant's tour boat operation changed the intensity of use of water in the Hanalei special management area, defendant's tour boat operation constituted a "development", within the meaning of this section, that was not exempt from the coastal zone management act or special management area rules. 89 H. 400, 974 P.2d 40.

Special management area minor permit issued by county to public utility invalid and public utility required to obtain special management area use permit for its cellular telephone tower where county board of appeals finding that valuation of tower development did not exceed $125,000 was clearly erroneous. 90 H. 384, 978 P.2d 822.

Where land lease did not constitute a "development" under this chapter, trial court erred in ruling that valuation of cellular telephone tower development must include value of the land lease; instead, valuation consisted of the "current replacement cost" of the structures built. 90 H. 384, 978 P.2d 822.

"Development" includes that which is planned. 4 H. App. 304, 666 P.2d 177.

§205A-23 County special management area boundaries. (a) The special management area in each county shall be as shown on such maps filed with the authority as of June 8, 1977.

(b) On or before December 31, 1979, the authority shall review and pursuant to chapter 91, amend as necessary its special management area boundaries, to further the objectives and policies of this chapter, provided that any contraction of the special management area boundaries as provided for in subsection (a), shall be subject to lead agency review and determination as to compliance with the objectives and policies of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature. Copies of the


existing and amended maps shall be filed with the authority and the lead agency.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall preclude the authority from amending its special management area boundary at any point in time; provided that the procedures and requirements outlined in subsection (b) shall be complied with and provided further that any future special management area boundary adjustments shall be restricted to the coastal zone management area. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 188, §7; am L 1979, c 200, §8]

Attorney General Opinions

Counties must reasonably determine whether lands, located in excess of one hundred yards from water to be protected, are lands the uses of which will have significant impact on the water. Att. Gen. Op. 75-18.

§§205A-24, 25 REPEALED. L 1977, c 188, §§8, 9.

§205A-26 Special management area guidelines. In implementing this part, the authority shall adopt the following guidelines for the review of developments proposed in the special management area:

(1) All development in the special management area shall be subject to reasonable terms and conditions set by the authority in order to ensure:

(A) Adequate access, by dedication or other means, to publicly owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves is provided to the extent consistent with sound conservation principles;

(B) Adequate and properly located public recreation areas and wildlife preserves are reserved;

(C) Provisions are made for solid and liquid waste treatment, disposition, and management which will minimize adverse effects upon special management area resources; and

(D) Alterations to existing land forms and vegetation, except crops, and construction of structures shall cause minimum adverse effect to water resources and scenic and recreational amenities and minimum danger of floods, wind damage, storm


surge, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of earthquake.

(2) No development shall be approved unless the authority has first found:

(A) That the development will not have any substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interests. Such adverse effects shall include, but not be limited to, the potential cumulative impact of individual developments, each one of which taken in itself might not have a substantial adverse effect, and the elimination of planning options;

(B) That the development is consistent with the objectives, policies, and special management area guidelines of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature; and

(C) That the development is consistent with the county general plan and zoning. Such a finding of consistency does not preclude concurrent processing where a general plan or zoning amendment may also be required.

(3) The authority shall seek to minimize, where reasonable:

(A) Dredging, filling or otherwise altering any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough or lagoon;

(B) Any development which would reduce the size of any beach or other area usable for public recreation;

(C) Any development which would reduce or impose restrictions upon public access to tidal and submerged lands, beaches, portions of rivers and streams within the special management areas and the mean high tide line where there is no beach;

(D) Any development which would substantially interfere with or detract from the line of sight toward the sea from the state highway nearest the coast; and

(E) Any development which would adversely affect water quality, existing areas of open water free of visible structures, existing and potential fisheries and fishing grounds, wildlife habitats, or potential or existing agricultural uses of land. [L


1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 188, §10; am L 1979, c 200, §9; am L 1984, c 113, §2; am L 1994, c 3, §2]


Case Notes

Grant of permit overturned because findings required by paragraph (2) not made. 65 H. 506, 654 P.2d 874; 68 H. 135, 705 P.2d 1042.

Where Kihei-Makena community plan was part of Maui general plan and county planning director determined that developer’s proposed action was inconsistent with community plan, special management area permit application properly denied by director pursuant to paragraph (2)(C). 88 H. 108, 962 P.2d 367.

Not violated where requisite findings were contained in committee report recommending approval of development. 6 H. App. 540, 735 P.2d 950.

Absent a finding that impact on public facilities would result in a substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, or render the development inconsistent with objectives, policies, and guidelines of Coastal Zone Management Act, planning commission’s finding that the development would have significant adverse effects and impact on existing highway system in area of the development did not provide a sufficient basis for denying permit petition. 9 H. App. 377, 842 P.2d 648.

Even if the development was shown to have a substantial adverse effect in accordance with the statute, planning commission was required under paragraph (2)(A) to determine whether that effect could be practicably minimized and, when minimized, whether the effect was clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interests. 9 H. App. 377, 842 P.2d 648.

Paragraph (3)(D) mandated planning commission to protect and preserve more than just the view of the shoreline; the statute, by its very language, is intended to protect the view toward the sea even though the "shoreline" cannot be seen either because of intervening development or natural growth. 9 H. App. 377, 842 P.2d 648.

§205A-27 Designation of special managementarea authority. The authority is designated the special management area authority and is authorized to carry out the objectives, policies and procedures of this part. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1979, c 200, §10]

§205A-28 Permit required for development. No development shall be allowed in any county within the special management area


without obtaining a permit in accordance with this part. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1979, c 200, §11]



Timesharing in the 1990s. I HBJ No. 13, at pg. 89.

§205A-29 Special management area use permit procedure. (a) The authority in each county, upon consultation with the central coordinating agency, shall adopt rules under chapter 91 setting the special management area use permit application procedures, conditions under which hearings must be held, and the time periods within which the hearing and action for special management area use permits shall occur. The authority shall provide for adequate notice to individuals whose property rights may be adversely affected and to persons who have requested in writing to be notified of special management area use permit hearings or applications. The authority shall also provide public notice statewide at least twenty days in advance of the hearing. The authority may require a reasonable filing fee which shall be used for the purposes set forth herein.

Any rule adopted by the authority shall be consistent with the objectives, policies, and special management area guidelines provided in this chapter. Action on the special management permit shall be final unless otherwise mandated by court order.

(b) No agency authorized to issue permits pertaining to any development within the special management area shall authorize any development unless approval is first received in accordance with the procedures adopted pursuant to this part. For the purposes of this subsection, county general plan, state land use district boundary amendments, and zoning changes are not permits. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 188, §11; am L 1979, c 200, §12; am L 1989, c 356, §8; am L 1998, c 2, §62]



Sandy Beach Defense Fund v. City and County of Honolulu: The Sufficiency of Legislative Hearings in an Administrative Setting. 12 UH L. Rev. 499.

Case Notes


Section does not require that notice of a meeting rescheduled for later date to be provided within time limit on original notice. 64 H. 431, 643 P.2d 55.

City council not subject to chapter 91 contested case procedures when acting upon shoreline management act use permits. 70 H. 361, 773 P.2d 250.

§205A-30 Emergency and minor permits. Each county authority shall provide specific procedures consistent with this part for the issuance of special management area emergency permits or special management area minor permits, pursuant to the procedural requirements within this part, and judicial review from the grant and denial thereof. The lead agency shall file notice of special management area minor permits in the next available issue of the periodic bulletin of the office of environmental quality control. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1979, c 200, §13; am L 2001, c 169, §7]

§205A-31 REPEALED. L 1979, c 200, §14.

§205A-32 Penalties. (a) Any person who violates any provision of part II or part III shall be liable as follows:

(1) For a civil fine not to exceed $100,000; or

(2) For the cost of returning the affected environment or ecology within the coastal management area to the condition existing before the violation.

(b) In addition to any other penalties, any person who is violating any provision of part II or part III shall be liable for a civil fine not to exceed $10,000 a day for each day in which such violation persists.

(c) Any civil fine or other penalty provided under this section may be imposed by the circuit court or may be imposed by the department after an opportunity for a hearing under chapter 91. Imposition of a civil fine shall not be a prerequisite to any civil fine or other injunctive relief ordered by the circuit court. [L 1975, c 176, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §9; am L 2001, c 169, §8]

§205A-33 Injunctions. Any person or agency violating any provision of this chapter may be enjoined by the circuit court of the State by mandatory or restraining order necessary or proper to effectuate the purposes of this chapter in a suit


brought by the authority or the lead agency. [L 1979, c 200, §15; am L 1983, c 76, §1]

PART III. SHORELINE SETBACKS

§205A-41 Definitions. As used in this part, unless the context otherwise requires:

"Board approval" means approval by the board of land and natural resources pursuant to chapter 183C.

"Shoreline area" shall include all of the land area between the shoreline and the shoreline setback line and may include the area between mean sea level and the shoreline; provided that if the highest annual wash of the waves is fixed or significantly affected by a structure that has not received all permits and approvals required by law or if any part of any structure in violation of this part extends seaward of the shoreline, then the term "shoreline area" shall include the entire structure.

"Shoreline setback line" means that line established in this part or by the county running inland from the shoreline at a horizontal plane.

"Structure" includes, but is not limited to, any portion of any building, pavement, road, pipe, flume, utility line, fence, groin, wall, or revetment. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §§2, 10; am L 1993, c 258, §5; am L 1995, c 11, §12 and c 69, §12]

§205A-42 Determination of the shoreline. (a) The board of land and natural resources shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 prescribing procedures for determining a shoreline and appeals of shoreline determinations that are consistent with subsection (b); provided that no determination of a shoreline shall be valid for a period longer than twelve months, except where the shoreline is fixed by artificial structures that have been approved by appropriate government agencies and for which engineering drawings exist to locate the interface between the shoreline and the structure.

(b) The chairperson of the board of land and natural resources shall cause a public notice to be published in the periodic bulletin published by the office of environmental quality control. All comments to the application for shoreline certification shall be submitted in writing to the state land surveyor no later than fifteen calendar days from the date of


the public notice of the application. Notice of application for certification shall be identified by tax map key number, and where applicable, street address and nearest town. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; gen ch 1993; am L 1995, c 102, §1]

§205A-43 Establishment of shoreline setbacks and duties and powers of the department. (a) Setbacks along shorelines are established of not less than twenty feet and not more than forty feet inland from the shoreline. The department shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91, and shall enforce the shoreline setbacks and rules pertaining thereto.

(b) The powers and duties of the department shall include, but not be limited to:

(1) The department shall adopt rules under chapter 91 prescribing procedures for determining the shoreline setback line; and

(2) The department shall review the plans of all applicants who propose any structure, activity, or facility that would be prohibited without a variance pursuant to this part. The department may require that the plans be supplemented by accurately mapped data and photographs showing natural conditions and topography relating to all existing and proposed structures and activities. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §11]

[§205A-43.5] Powers and duties of the authority. (a) Prior to action on a variance application, the authority shall hold a public hearing under chapter 91. By adoption of rules under chapter 91, the authority may delegate responsibility to the department. Public and private notice, including reasonable notice to abutting property owners and persons who have requested this notice, shall be provided, but a public hearing may be waived prior to action on a variance application for:

(1) Stabilization of shoreline erosion by the moving of sand entirely on public lands;

(2) Protection of a legal structure costing more than $20,000; provided the structure is at risk of immediate damage from shoreline erosion;


(3) Other structures or activities; provided that no person or agency has requested a public hearing within twenty- five calendar days after public notice of the application; or

(4) Maintenance, repair, reconstruction, and minor additions or alterations of legal boating, maritime, or watersports recreational facilities, which result in little or no interference with natural shoreline processes.

(b) The authority shall either act on variance applications or, by adoption of rules under chapter 91, delegate the responsibility to the department. [L 1989, c 356, pt of §1]

§205A-43.6 Enforcement of shoreline setbacks. (a) The department or an agency designated by department rules shall enforce this part and rules adopted pursuant to this part. Any structure or activity prohibited by section 205A-44, that has not received a variance pursuant to this part or complied with conditions on a variance, shall be removed or corrected. No other state or county permit or approval shall be construed as a variance pursuant to this part.

(b) Where the shoreline is affected by an artificial structure that has not been authorized with government agency permits required by law, if any part of the structure is on private property, then for purposes of enforcement of this part, the structure shall be construed to be entirely within the shoreline area.

(c) The authority of the board of land and natural resources to determine the shoreline and enforce rules established under chapter 183C shall not be diminished by an artificial structure in violation of this part. [L 1989, c 356, pt of §1; gen ch 1993; am L 1995, c 11, §13 and c 69, §13]

§205A-44 Prohibitions. (a) The mining or taking of sand, dead coral or coral rubble, rocks, soil, or other beach or marine deposits from the shoreline area is prohibited with the following exceptions:

(1) The taking from the shoreline area of the materials, not in excess of one gallon per person per day, for reasonable, personal, noncommercial use, provided that stricter provisions may be established by the counties;


(2) Where the mining or taking is authorized by a variance pursuant to this part;

(3) The clearing of the materials from existing drainage pipes and canals and from the mouths of streams including clearing for the purposes under section 46-11.5; provided that the sand removed shall be placed on adjacent areas unless such placement would result in significant turbidity; or

(4) The cleaning of the shoreline area for state or county maintenance purposes, including the clearing for purposes under section 46-12; provided that the sand removed shall be placed on adjacent areas unless the placement would result in significant turbidity.

(b) Except as provided in this section, structures are prohibited in the shoreline area without a variance pursuant to this part. Structures in the shoreline area shall not need a variance if:

(1) They were completed prior to June 22, 1970;

(2) They received either a building permit, board approval, or shoreline setback variance prior to June 16, 1989;

(3) They are outside the shoreline area when they receive either a building permit or board approval;

(4) They are necessary for or ancillary to continuation of existing agriculture or aquaculture in the shoreline area on June 16, 1989;

(5) They are minor structures permitted under rules adopted by the department which do not affect beach processes or artificially fix the shoreline and do not interfere with public access or public views to and along the shoreline; or

(6) Work being done consists of maintenance, repair, reconstruction, and minor additions or alterations of legal boating, maritime, or watersports recreational facilities, which are publicly owned, and which result in little or no interference with natural shoreline processes; provided that permitted structures may be repaired, but shall not be enlarged within the shoreline area without a variance. [L


1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1988, c 375, §1; am L 1989, c 356, §12]


Revision Note

"June 16, 1989" substituted for "the effective date of this Act" and "the effective date of this section".

Cross References

Mining or taking of sand, etc., see §171-58.5.

§205A-45 Shoreline setback lines established by county. (a) The several counties through rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91 or ordinance may require that shoreline setback lines be established at distances greater than that established in this part.

(b) The several counties through rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91 or ordinance may expand the shoreline area to include the area between mean sea level and the shoreline. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §13]

§205A-46 Variances. (a) A variance may be granted for a structure or activity otherwise prohibited in this part if the authority finds in writing, based on the record presented, that the proposed structure or activity is necessary for or ancillary to:

(1) Cultivation of crops;

(2) Aquaculture;

(3) Landscaping; provided that the authority finds that the proposed structure or activity will not adversely affect beach processes and will not artificially fix the shoreline;

(4) Drainage;

(5) Boating, maritime, or watersports recreational facilities;

(6) Facilities or improvements by public agencies or public utilities regulated under chapter 269;


(7) Private facilities or improvements that are clearly in the public interest;

(8) Private facilities or improvements which will neither adversely affect beach processes nor artificially fix the shoreline; provided that the authority also finds that hardship will result to the applicant if the facilities or improvements are not allowed within the shoreline area;

(9) Private facilities or improvements that may artificially fix the shoreline; provided that the authority also finds that shoreline erosion is likely to cause hardship to the applicant if the facilities or improvements are not allowed within the shoreline area, and the authority imposes conditions to prohibit any structure seaward of the existing shoreline unless it is clearly in the public interest; or

(10) Moving of sand from one location seaward of the shoreline to another location seaward of the shoreline; provided that the authority also finds that moving of sand will not adversely affect beach processes, will not diminish the size of a public beach, and will be necessary to stabilize an eroding shoreline.

(b) Hardship shall be defined in rules adopted by the authority under chapter 91. Hardship shall not be determined as a result of county zoning changes, planned development permits, cluster permits, or subdivision approvals after June 16, 1989, or as a result of any other permit or approval listed in rules adopted by the authority.

(c) No variance shall be granted unless appropriate conditions are imposed:

(1) To maintain safe lateral access to and along the shoreline or adequately compensate for its loss;

(2) To minimize risk of adverse impacts on beach processes;

(3) To minimize risk of structures failing and becoming loose rocks or rubble on public property; and

(4) To minimize adverse impacts on public views to, from, and along the shoreline. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §14; am L 1993, c 258, §6]



Revision Note

"June 16, 1989" substituted for "the effective date of this Act".

§205A-47 REPEALED. L 1989, c 356, §16.

§205A-48 Conflict of other laws. In case of a conflict between the requirements of any other state law or county ordinance regarding shoreline setback lines, the more restrictive requirements shall apply in furthering the purposes of this part. Nothing contained in this part shall be construed to diminish the jurisdiction of the state department of transportation over wharves, airports, docks, piers, or other commercial harbors, and any other maritime facilities constructed by the State; provided that such plans are submitted for the review and information of the officer of the respective agency charged with the administration of the county zoning laws, and found not to conflict with any county ordinances, zoning laws, and building codes. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1991, c 272, §6]

§205A-49 Adoption of rules. Each agency charged with carrying out this part shall adopt rules necessary to implement or comply with this part by July 1, 1990. All rules shall be adopted under chapter 91. [L 1986, c 258, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 356, §15]

[PART IV.] MARINE AND COASTAL AFFAIRS

[§205A-61] Definitions. As used in this part:

"Exclusive economic zone" or "EEZ" means that area set forth in the Presidential Proclamation 5030 issued on March 10, 1983, whereby the United States proclaimed jurisdiction from the seaward boundary of the State out to two hundred nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

"Marine" means ocean and ocean-related resources.

"Plan" means the Hawaii ocean resources management plan, created and approved by the Hawaii ocean and marine resources council, as amended by the lead agency. [L 1995, c 104, pt of §2]


[§205A-62] Duties and responsibilities of the lead agency. The lead agency shall have the following duties and responsibilities:

(1) Coordinate overall implementation of the plan, giving special consideration to the plan's priority recommendations;

(2) Review and periodically update the plan;

(3) Coordinate the development of state agency work plans to implement the ocean resources management plan. The work plans shall be revised on a biennial basis and coordinated with the budget process. State agencies with responsibilities relating to marine and coastal zone management include but are not limited to:

(A) The department of agriculture;

(B) The department of business, economic development, and tourism;

(C) The department of defense;

(D) The department of education;

(E) The department of health;

(F) The department of land and natural resources;

(G) The department of public safety;

(H) The department of transportation; and

(I) The University of Hawaii;

(4) Ensure that state agency work plans are closely coordinated with the work plans of relevant federal and county agencies;

(5) Analyze, resolve conflicts between, and prioritize, in cooperation with relevant agencies and as part of the work plan development process, the sector-specific recommendations included in the plan;

(6) Coordinate exclusive economic zone and other marine- related issues with state and county agencies;



(7) Provide technical assistance to the agencies on policy and issue-related matters regarding marine and coastal resources management;

(8) Coordinate marine and coastal education activities; and

(9) Adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 to carry out the purposes of this part. [L 1995, c 104, pt of §2]

[§205A-63] Agency duties to coordinate related programs. All agencies managing marine and coastal resources, shall:

(1) Actively work toward the goals, objectives, and policies established by this chapter; and

(2) Coordinate the development of the state or county agency's programs with the plan. [L 1995, c 104, pt of §2]

§205A-64 Public participation. The lead agency and the public advisory body shall involve citizens and interested groups and organizations in the updating and implementation of the plan. [L 1995, c 104, pt of §2; am L 2002, c 16, §7]


Cross References

Public advisory body, see §205A-3.5.

County of Kaua'i Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Kaua'i GIS Plan Chapter 6 Appendix 4 6- 4- 1

Chapter 6 Appendix 4 Kaua'i County Geographical Information Systems

Table of Contents Executive Summary Page 1 1. Introduction Page 3

1.1 What is Geographic Information Systems Page 3 1.2 The Value of GIS in Local Government Page 3

2. GIS Today Page 6 2.1 Moving Forward: GIS Program Development Page 6 2.2 Master Plan Process Page 7 2.3 Results of Meetings, Research, and Analyses Page 7 2.3.1 Data Integrity and Security Page 8 2.4 Meeting Immediate Needs: ArcReader Page 9 2.5 GIS Program Development Page 9

2.51 GIS Server Page 9

3. Recommendations 3.1 Recommendation #1: Organize and Expand Page 11

the County GIS Program 3.1.1 Staffing Page 11 3.1.2 Program Development Page 12 3.2 Recommendation #2: Purchase and Implement Page 12 ArcGIS Server 3.3 Recommendation #3: Assist Agencies to Obtain Page 12 Access to GIS Software, Hardware, and Training 3.4 Recommendation #4: Provide Public Access to Page 13 GIS Tools and Data via County Webpage

4. Timeframe and Costs for Program Implementation Page 14


Executive Summary The purpose of this plan is to describe the current status of Geographic Information System or GIS activities within the County of Kauai and to prescribe a mechanism for creating a program to better service the County. Through the Master Plan development process it was found that there is a need to more efficiently and effectively service County agencies that have come to depend on GIS in their daily operations and reporting, to expand the use of GIS to those agencies that develop and manage geographic-related data and conduct spatial analyses, and to implement a system to distribute GIS data and mapping services to the public. Recommendations within this plan are the outcome of meetings and analyses conducted by the Information Technology Division in 2007. The process for developing these recommendations, suggested method for actuating recommendations, and a timeframe for plan implementation are included. RECOMMENDATION #1 - Organize and Expand the County GIS Program Issue There is a need to establish a program for organizing, developing and sharing data in order to support the growing number of GIS users within County agencies and among the public.

Action Develop a formal program or enterprise within the County through increased staffing; hardware and software acquisition; and the establishment of rules for data sharing and security.

RECOMMENDATION #2 - Purchase and Implement ArcGIS Server Issue There is need to acquire and implement a service-oriented architectural (SOA) framework (hardware/software) to effectively organize and distribute GIS data and services, and manage all geodata-sharing activities.

Action Purchase and install ArcGIS server which is able to organize and distribute geodata and mapping applications through a browser-based interface, to expand access to data and mapping tools and to improve upon data sharing and security.

RECOMMENDATION #3 - Assist Agencies to Obtain Access to GIS Software, Hardware & Training Issue There is a need for priority agencies to develop data and mapping applications in-house, in order to improve upon their daily workflow and reporting, and to more efficiently and effectively share their geographic-related data with other agencies and the public.

Action Create a procedure for recommending GIS software licensing, hardware, and training. Look for funding and training opportunities for agencies.


RECOMMENDATION #4 – Provide Public Access to GIS Tools and Data Issue There is an increased demand for GIS data and services from the public.

Action Implement, through the use of SOA, a GIS resource webpage that will provide useful information, GIS data, and map services to the public.

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Geographic Information Systems (GIS)? A GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data that works to capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms of geographically-referenced information. GIS is able to link information called “attributes” to location data, such as ownership and address information to a parcel; name, length, and maintenance information to a roadway; and population size or census information to a township or community. Users of GIS can layer many location data sets in order to better understand how these data sets are related or work together. Users choose what data sets to combine based on questions they pose about the data, in order to improve decision making. For instance, a user, such as a traffic planner, could layer data sets relating to the amount and types of building permits issued for a section of town over data sets relating to traffic patterns in the area in order to assess the types of traffic improvements necessary to alleviate congestion and mitigate accidents. In another example, yearly erosion rates digitized from historic photos of a coastline and historic information about floods and storms could be layered on a recent satellite image to statistically determine how much erosion can be expected in the next five to twenty years. These are just two examples of how GIS can be used to improve critical decision making in government. Most people unfamiliar with GIS often associate it simply with maps. However, a map is only one way users work with geographic data in a GIS, and only one type of product generated by a GIS. As revealed in the examples in the above paragraph, GIS can provide a great deal more problem-solving capabilities. By combining data and applying some analytic rules, users can create models that helps answer sophisticated land use, business, or conservation related issues. As such, it has become an essential component for decision making in both government and nongovernmental organizations.

1.2 The Value of GIS in Local Government The function of County government is to make decisions in the public’s interest. The public require that decisions be supported by information showing that the result will mean greater efficiency, equity, community viability, or environmental health. In actuality every agency within the County uses or produces information/data that is related to geography. People and events all exist at a certain time and a certain place. GIS databases can be created to analyze or manage geographic-related information collected by agencies. Staff is then able to compile various geodatabases to create scenarios to answer complicated questions that municipalities,


urban or rural, must decide upon on a daily basis. Here are some examples of ways in which GIS are used by local governments:

• Land use and urban growth/development modeling • Economic development planning • Infrastructure and transportation planning and management • Redistricting • Community planning • Comparison of program effectiveness across jurisdictions • Taxation analysis and recordkeeping • Benchmarking, such as with community services (elderly services, bus services, etc) • Public health and environmental risk analysis • Natural hazards vulnerability analysis and evacuation planning • Site selection for public facilities or housing • Emergency management • Public transportation scheduling and maintenance

The possible uses of GIS technology by the County Kauai are too numerous to quantify. Each agency, each staff member that employs the technology has an opportunity to discover a new way to use the tools that GIS and its extensions offer. In addition, as hardware and software capabilities expand, new tasks can be added to mapping projects and analysis. In the field of GIS, the current systems already have the capabilities in the following list:

1. The ability to generate statistics, including statistics based on user defined geographic regions (for example, computing the average income for residents within a certain area).

Spatial statistical analysis

2.

The ability to calculate the most efficient routes, and to summarize network flow rates in relation to other data (for example, find the number of persons living within a 10 minute drive of a specific location).

Network analysis

3.

Such as to create blueprints, three-dimensional models of facilities, and architectural renderings.

Computer-assisted design (CAD) drawing capabilities

4.

The ability to translate numerical data relating to facility size and location into a digital map or visual display.

Automated mapping/facilities mapping

5.

The ability to identify a particular location with standard map coordinates Geocoding and global positioning systems (GPS)


6.

Standard database manipulation capabilities such as sorting, querying, joining, appending, updating, restructuring, and relating tables and fields.

Database management systems

7.

Mapping and database capabilities for property or land records. Land information systems

8.

The ability to analyze geographic data to support decisions. For example, the ability to identify all commercial properties that have submitted applications for liquor licenses within 500 feet of schools.

Spatial decision support systems

9.

The ability to use sound, video, and images and provide interactive links among various types of media. For example, to link a parcel on the map with a picture of the property and CAD files.

Multimedia, hypertext, and hot links

10.

The ability to create rule based systems that allow users to mimic the processes and decision-making skills of subject experts. For example, apply property assessment criteria used by experts to data gathered and input by novices to produce valid tax assessments.

Expert systems

11.

Such as space-time attributes machine modeling, simulation and forecasting: ability to model how a process interacts with specific geographic constraints over time. For example, to show how the addition of five hundred more cars a day during peak hours on road A will affect traffic on roads B and C as well.

Automated spatial modeling

Because of the endless capabilities of GIS, the technology may seem a bit overwhelming to grasp, especially for a small municipality. Although the County has been employing GIS for about five years, it is essentially just beginning to explore its capabilities. At this time the County is at a crucial junction in the development of its GIS program. As we move from “beginning” to “intermediate” GIS Enterprise there may be a tendency for leaders to focus more upon building applications than building program. Although examples of GIS applications have been described above, the main objective of this plan is to recommend an approach to implement a formal GIS Program which will be necessary for the effective long-term administration of GIS

. Support for implementation of plan recommendations will be crucial in the next three years.

It should also be noted that any application created with GIS will only be as useful as the quality of data available in the data repository. As such, the County will need to develop an organized and secure infrastructure for data development and sharing so that its various agency super-


users will be able to produce reliable data, maps and mapping projects. Good maps and analyses can only be created with good data. 2. GIS Today Within the last five years staff members of various agencies within the County have discovered ways in which GIS technology can assist with decision-making in daily work or reporting. As the technical arm of the County, the IT Division has become responsible for reposting and making available datasets to agencies, conducting data analyses for reporting, creating and monitoring online applications, and providing informal training in both GIS software use and hardware purchasing and licensing. However, a formal system or program for organizing, developing and sharing data, as well as supporting the growing number of GIS users has not been established. In the beginning, two IT Technical Analysts were assigned to devote a portion of their time to GIS activities. This required the technical analysts to “mine” information (either in excel, the AS/400 System, IAS, or even hardcopy form) collected by agencies, such as the Real Property tax Office, Planning, and Council to create and analyze data (for instance, to make maps for the County Council or Planning Department). Since IT was not the source agency of data being mined, it was difficult for technical staff to thoroughly review data sets for errors. In addition, since data was developed or obtained inconsistently, metadata was often missing from data sets. Kauai’s experience is common for a municipality starting to use GIS technology. However, it soon becomes very difficult to trust and manage such datasets or GIS projects. In addition, without metadata there is no information about what the attributes in a dataset mean, when data was developed, its projection, source, and limitations to its use. Furthermore, with no procedures for sharing, data without metadata can be passed around and used improperly, leaving the County and source agencies liable for information. In addition, with no standards for distribution, data, maps and mapping applications can be widely distributed with no way of tracking what is being used, who is using it, and for what purpose. In December 2006 the IT Division hired one (1) GIS Analyst III to initiate coordination of GIS sharing among agencies as well as to formulate a master plan for use of GIS and distribution of data among County agencies and the public. The GIS Analyst is the only IT staff member that focuses full-time on GIS and GIS activities.

2.1 Moving Forward: GIS Program Development At this time the current IT/GIS staff cannot accommodate for the increase of requests for GIS services from County agencies as well as from other government entities, non-government organizations, private companies, and from the public at large. There are also security concerns regarding the distribution of data that currently sits in the County’s GIS repository.

2.2 Master Plan Process


The first step to improving upon GIS administration for the County was to access the current use and level of understanding of GIS technology among County agencies, and even interested State entities and NGO’s. In March 2007 a meeting was held to kick off the GIS Master Plan process. The goals of the meeting was to introduce County administrators and possible agency point-of-contacts to GIS; share the vision and goals for the development and implementation of a GIS Program; and to distribute a questionnaire to interested agencies to capture information about their agencies’ goals, function, and daily workflow. Follow-up meetings were scheduled with each agency to discuss their answers to the questionnaire and to find out how they would utilize GIS (if at all) and a timeframe for implementation. 2.3 Results of Meetings, Research and Analyses As a result of the follow-up meeting process, the GIS Analyst was able to assess the immediate, mid-term and long-term GIS needs of each participating agency, as well as to develop a plan for coordination (data sharing, development, training and support) for the County. Priority agencies or those agencies whose datasets are used by other agencies and the public were identified. These agencies were recommended to purchase ArcView licenses and budget for staff training. The GIS Analyst will also work with these agencies to develop data sharing and security standards, so that data can be systematically updated and distributed. Priority agencies Planning Department Land use, such as zoning, Special Management Area,

permitting information, etc. Real Property Tax Assessment Office Tax Map Key/parcel data, land valuation data, etc. Building Division Building permits, flood drainage studies, parcel

addresses, buildings (CAD files), etc. Engineering Division Civil engineering construction plans, subdivision maps,

topographic maps, land deeds, and information regarding traffic resolutions; inventory of roadways, road names, and road conditions, etc. Note – this division owns a Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Unit but no GIS license or software to process information.

2.3.1 Data Integrity and Security Data integrity and security should be the number one priority of the GIS Program. Data integrity means understanding how and when the data was created, the source of the data, how to properly use it, and limitations to its use. This information is captured in the metadata. Simply put metadata is “data about data.” When data is created and updated a metadata document should accompany this data wherever it may go. There are many datasets within the County repository that lacks metadata about it, making it virtually useless. The GIS Analyst has created metadata for as many sets as possible and has


also inquired about the source and use of datasets in order to make otherwise unusable data useful, even in a limited way. A GIS Analyst with technical expertise would help to further the creation of metadata or even updates of existing sets to make data useful. At this time the GIS does not make any data set without metadata available for sharing. At the very least maps have been created with point data showing the location of, for instance, shopping centers or bridges. However, statements about the source and limitation of the map usually accompanies the use of such data. Future standards to improve upon data integrity will include statements on maps or accompanying map projects that encourage users to read the metadata and to be familiar with the source and limitation of data. It is also important to state that updates to data should be checked with source agencies. For instance, the source agency for land use/zoning data is the Planning Department. Metadata and project descriptions limit liability and ensures that data and maps are used as they were intended, so that appropriate decision-making will result from usage. Another important aspect to ensuring data integrity is to support priority agencies to create and maintain their own unique datasets. For instance, the Real Property Tax Office should provide updates to the existing tax map key or parcel layer on a biannual or annual basis. The County and IT Division can support the Office’s ability to create and maintain data by helping to identify necessary hardware and software, including licensing, provide budgetary information, and provide information about training opportunities appropriate to the office. At this time the majority of County geodatasets are created by the IT Division. However, IT cannot ascertain whether information that is created is accurate and true if it does not work specifically with data, such as for reporting. It is impossible for IT or the GIS Analyst to know the unique rules or processes of each agency within the County. Data that is produced may include errors that could have been avoided or corrected if it was developed by the source agency, who are the experts of their own data. In regard to data security, a copy of each dataset used within the County should be held by the source agency and by the GIS Program, with limited access to the GIS Administrator and Analysts. Updates to datasets will be coordinated with individual agencies, specifically super-users that will be responsible for maintaining the data. Data and applications that are made accessible through the website will be reviewed by source agencies. They should make the decision as to whether a dataset may be made available to the public. For datasets that are contracted directly through the IT Division, such as development of a new roads layer, the GIS Administrator and GIS Analyst will make the decision as to which datasets and/or attributes within a dataset are available for public use. Disclaimers for data and application use will accompany the online application, again stating that information should be verified with source agencies. Metadata should also be included on the website for each dataset available.

2.4 Meeting Immediate GIS Needs: ArcReader


ArcReader is a free program that allows users to view and query data sets as well as to print maps. It allows new users of GIS to become familiar with its interface and to explore map layers. However, users cannot download additional data nor edit data. ArcReader can meet the needs of most agency staff members, especially those that will only use GIS to locate features on a map, such as parcels, roads or streams. But in order to perform more complex analyses or to develop and edit data, licensed software must be purchased. ArcReader was developed for fifteen (15) agencies and a total of forty-four (44) County staff. At this time training has been provided for more than half of these staff members. Some users have already found ArcReader to be too simple for their workflow or reporting needed and have sought assistance to identify and procure appropriate hardware and GIS software. The GIS Analyst continues to assess the immediate and long term needs of agencies based on feedback by ArcReader users. The following are the current status and recommendations for agencies based on meetings and assessments. A key aspect of creating a coordinated system of GIS systems within and among agencies will be the development of a GIS Enterprise. The IT Division anticipates obtaining a license for ArcGIS Server within the next 6 months. The GIS Analyst and the Web Master will obtain training to create and maintain the GIS enterprise.

2.5 GIS Program Development (Enterprise)

A key aspect of creating a coordinated system of GIS systems within and among agencies will be the development of a GIS Enterprise. The IT Division anticipates obtaining a license for ArcGIS Server within the next 6 months. The GIS Analyst and the Web Master will obtain training to create and maintain the GIS enterprise. 2.5.1 ArcGIS Server Server GIS allows GIS capabilities to be delivered to large numbers of users over networks. GIS users connect to a central GIS server using traditional desktop GIS as well as Web browsers, mobile computing devices, and digital appliances. ESRI server GIS is IT compliant and interoperable with other enterprise software such as customer resource management (CRM) or enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It offers support for interoperability standards in the GIS domain (Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.) as well as the broader IT domain (World Wide Web Consortium [W3C]). ArcGIS Server offers the following Return on Investment (ROI):

• Lower cost of ownership through centrally managed, focused GIS applications that can be scaled to support many users;

• Browser-based access to GIS; • Integration with other enterprise systems such as customer relationship management

(CRM) or enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems using industry-standard software;


• ArcGIS Server provides the foundation for geospatially enabling a service-oriented architecture (SOA);

• Support for interoperability standards in both the GIS domain as well as the broader information technology (IT) domain (W3C); and

• Ability to create custom applications using .NET or Java. 3. Recommendations There are four recommendations that have resulted from this master plan process. Support for implementation will be necessary to actualize an organized and secure platform and program for GIS in the County. 3.1 Recommendation #1 Organize and Expand the County GIS Program 3.1.1. Staffing As mentioned in this plan, the IT Division cannot accommodate for the increase of requests for GIS services from agencies and from the public. In addition, if it is inevitable that the GIS Program will grow to include more users, more than one GIS Analyst will be needed to carry out services. The IT Division has proposed to add one more full time GIS Analyst that will be responsible for more technical GIS work. For example, creating and updating datasets and metadata; GIS database and programming; managing geodatabases; and managing distributed environments such as online applications and editors. At this time the GIS Administrator handles a significant portion of the technical workload, making it difficult to implement a GIS enterprise system for the County, because work is conducted at both an administrative and detailed technical level. This produces inconsistent results on both the organizational (programmatic) and data/application development levels. A more efficient and effective program would be created if administrative and technical roles were divided. In regard to staffing in other Counties, Hawaii County currently has six full-time GIS staff members which work for four departments: planning, data systems, real property, and the police department. CoHI still contracts much of their larger GIS projects, such as digitizing land use information or capturing a digital roads layer. Maui County employs twelve full-time GIS staff. Six GIS analysts work within the long-range division of the Planning Department and six are “technical GIS analyst” who works in the GIS Division (which services the rest of the County). Much of the data-gathering, creation, and application development that CoM conducts is done in-house. The City and County of Honolulu has a significant GIS Department. Because Honolulu is a large municipality, the C&C still contracts work to develop or update large datasets, such as for roads, sewer systems, or development planning. Budgeting for additional staffing should be considered for Fiscal year 2009.


3.1.2 Program Development There are essentially three areas that will need to be expanded upon in order to improve upon the current program: GIS Services, such as maps, special projects, analysis, web-based services; technical support to users, such as through increased staffing, program standards, and user group meetings; and application and data development. This can be accomplished through the purchase and implementation of an SOA. ArGIS Server is being recommended for this purpose. 3.2 Recommendation #2 Purchase and Implement ArcGIS Server At this time, data is reposted in folders on a series of servers. There is no mechanism for efficiently organizing, managing, or distributing data. At this time the County has one (1) internet mapping application called the Kauai Hazard Assessment Tool (KHAT) that was initially developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center. The GIS Program is in need of an internal data management platform that also has web-publishing capabilities. ArcGIS Server will allow the County to cost-effectively create maps and map projects at one location and then publish them to ArcGIS Server. GIS can then be delivered as services throughout the enterprise. Agencies and members of the public alike will benefit from the data and tools that can be distributed and managed through the server. City & County of Honolulu, County of Hawaii and the County of Maui all plan to implement ArcGIS Server. Hawaii County has already installed the server and is currently testing it on an internal site. City and County of Honolulu has installed the server and is working on creating both an internal and public resource site. Maui County has yet to install ArcGIS. The initial cost for ArcGIS Server is $10,000. The yearly maintenance fee is expected to be approximately the same. 3.3 Recommendation #3 Assist Agencies to Obtain Access to GIS Software, Hardware and Training As discussed in the Meeting Results and Data Security and Integrity sections of this plan, it is critical to support agencies to develop and/or use data in an appropriate manner. Access to GIS software, whether free or licensed, and training to use GIS, whether just on a web-browser or to conduct sophisticated analyses, should be encouraged. While GIS staff will focus on priority agencies and super-users, in order to improve upon data development and sharing, it is recommended that all staff of the County be provided the opportunity to interact with GIS. The anticipated GIS Program webpage will be the mechanism for reaching out to County staff (as well as the public), to encourage them to learn more about how the technology can assist their daily work and reporting. 3.4 Recommendation #4 Provide Public Access to GIS Tools and Data via County Webpage


Because there is an increased demand for GIS data and services from the public the GIS Analyst is working with the County webmaster to launch a beta webpage in February 2008. Once ArcGIS Server is purchased and implemented, maps, interactive mapping project, and mapping services, can be automated. Examples of mapping services are as follows:

• Geographic and address locators (tool) • Land use (data & tools) • Agriculture and Economy (data) • Flood and hazard mitigation (data & tools) • Culture (mapping project) • Recreation and shopping (data)

4. Timeframe and Costs for Program Implementation The following is a three-year timeframe for implementation of tasks to actualize recommendations. At the end of the three year period, there should be a review of the new program.

Immediate (Now – Spring 2008) TASK TIMEFRAME FOR

IMPLEMENTATION COST

1 Provide a Customized ArcReader project for those agencies or staff members that would benefit from having immediate access to data layers

Done $0

2 Obtain training in ArcGIS server, in order to build a County-wide GIS enterprise; and

Done $900

3 Obtain support from the IT Division, IT Steering Committee, County Administration and Council for implementation of recommendations in GIS Master Plan.

Ongoing with submittal of this plan.

$0

Year 1 (January 2008 – January 2009)

TASK TIMEFRAME FOR IMPLEMENTATION

COST

1 ArcGIS Server purchased and installed.

Beginning January 2008 - ASAP

$12,000 - $15,000

2 Data repository is organized and point-datasets are created or updated.

Beginning January 2008; ongoing

$0

3 Launch GIS Program website (beta) February 2008 $0 3 Mapping application and data

available via GIS Program website. Upon installation of ArcGIS Server

$0


4 Support agencies to acquire appropriate GIS or GIS-related software licenses and hardware.

With approval of this plan; ongoing

(cost for participating agencies)

5 Support super-user basic and advanced training in GIS, specifically in applications to help with their agency’s specific workflow or reporting needs.

With approval of this plan; ongoing

(cost for participating agencies)

6 Standards for data sharing and security are developed and agreed upon by agencies and super-users.

August 2008 $0

Year 2 (February 2009 – January 2010) TASK TIMEFRAME FOR

IMPLEMENTATION COST

1 ArcGIS Server Enterprise Implemented

February 2009 Maintenance cost $10,000/year

2 Standards for data sharing and security are adopted by the County

July 2009 $0

3 Hire additional GIS Analyst July 2009 Approximately $55,000/yr

4 Priority agencies become responsible for their own data development and update; adherence to GIS standards of development and sharing.

August 2009 $0

Year 3 (February 2010 – January 2011) TASK TIMEFRAME FOR

IMPLEMENTATION COST

1 ArcGIS enterprise and GIS Program standards implemented and enforced.

By February 2010 $0

2 Training is ongoing, with interagency training coordinated by super-users.

By February 2010; ongoing $0 - $5,000

3 GIS Program and staffing review.

July – December 2010 $0

Agency Recommendations


1. Office of the Mayor After an initial meeting it was found that the PIO would benefit from access to geographic data in order to pinpoint the location of events or incidents in and around communities. Other divisions within the Office of the Mayor would benefit from access to GIS data, such as parcels, roads, census information, population statistics, or land use information. To start, access to ArcReader and an online web-mapping service should sufficiently assist the Office of the Mayor.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Access to custom ArcReader & Web-based mapping service

$0

2. Council The Office of Elections is currently using ArcView for analyses of census information and voting districts. Council Services may want to consider purchase of at least one (1) concurrent/floating ArcView license. Special projects are usually created upon request by IT staff members. In the future Council staff may want to have access to ArcView and to obtain GIS training in order to generate special projects in-house.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Access to custom ArcReader & Web-based mapping service

$0 - $1500

3. Planning Planning currently has a standard (non-floating) license for ArcInfo and has access to spatial and 3D analyst extensions. Planning also uses an ArcView version 8.3.

As one of the priority agencies, or one of the agencies that develops, uses, and distributes key land use data, it is recommended that the Department purchase at least two (2) concurrent/floating ArcView licenses. Training for staff that will be developing data and conducting GIS analyses is also highly recommended.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Two ArcView 9 Concurrent Licenses $3000 Basic training “Introduction to ArcGIS” Approximately $850 per class per person

4. Real Property Tax Assessment Office The Real Property Tax Assessment Office has access to ArcView and ArcReader. However, as one of the priority agencies, or one of the agencies that develops, uses, and distributes key land use data, specifically parcel/ Tax Map Key data and land valuation information, it is recommended that an ArcInfo license and purchase at least one (1) concurrent/floating


ArcView license be purchased for staff. Training for staff that will be developing data and conducting GIS analyses is also highly recommended.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost ArcInfo Concurrent License $10000 One ArcView 9 Concurrent License $1500 Basic training “Introduction to ArcGIS,” and training on creating and maintaining tax assessor/parcel geodatabases.

Approximately $850 per class per person

5. Department of Public Works Building, Engineering, Wastewater, Roads & Highways and Automotive Divisions

After meeting with and analyzing the immediate needs of each division, Engineering, Building and Wastewater would benefit from sharing ArcInfo and ArcView licenses. It is highly recommended that the Department of Public Works acquire at least one (1) ArcInfo and two (2) ArcView licenses. Training opportunities should be available to staff as well.

At this time the Roads and Highways division would benefit more from purchasing a database workflow module/ system with a GIS interface, in order to better track its daily workflow and inventory. Still, a customized ArcReader has been provided to this division for immediate use. Similarly, the Automotive Division would benefit from an upgraded fleet management software module. A customized ArcReader project could be available to Automotive in the next six months.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost ArcInfo Concurrent License $10000 Two ArcView 9 Concurrent Licenses $3000 Basic training “Introduction to ArcGIS,” and training specific to public works mapping applications


6. Liquor The Liquor Department currently employs their custom ArcReader project on a daily basis. It is recommended that the department purchase a concurrent ArcView license in order to conduct analyses, such as buffering and to develop data layers, such as liquor permit tracking.

Although basic “Introduction to ArcGIS Training” is recommended, IT staff can assist the department to learn and build buffering and querying tools specific for their need.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost One ArcView 9 Concurrent License $1500


7. Office of Economic Development The director and program managers of OED all use their custom ArcReader Projects on at least a weekly basis. In the future, it is recommended that the office purchase at least one (1) ArcView concurrent license for data development, specifically regarding economic trends on Kauai.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost One ArcView 9 Concurrent License $1500 Basic training “Introduction to ArcGIS” Approximately $850 per class per person

8. Housing The Project Planner of the Housing Agency is currently using a custom ArcReader Project on a daily basis. The Project Planner is already familiar with ArcView. The agency is in the process of purchasing an ArcView standard (non-floating) license for the Project Planner. Training in “Introductory ArcGIS II” is also recommended.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost One ArcView 9 Standard License $1500 “Introduction to ArcGIS - II” Approximately $850 per class per person

9. Parks & Recreation The Department of Parks and Recreation would first benefit from access to a custom ArcReader project with such layers as parcel, parks, public facilities, public access points, census and population information, and information on land use and development trends. It is also recommended that the Department consider purchasing at least one (1) ArcView concurrent license and budget for introductory GIS training for staff, such as the park planner. The department could use GIS to help with facilities sitting and management. The Office should contact the GIS Analyst for more information on how to obtain a custom ArcReader Project as well as general information about GIS.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Custom ArcReader Project $0 One ArcView 9 Concurrent Licenses $1500 Basic training “Introduction to ArcGIS,” and training specific to public works mapping applications


10. County Attorneys The Office of the County Attorney would benefit from access to a custom ArcReader project with such layers as parcel, public access points, census and population information, and information on land use and development trends.


The Office should contact the GIS Analyst for more information on how to obtain a custom ArcReader Project.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Access to custom ArcReader Project $0

11. County Prosecutors The Office of the County Prosecutor would benefit from access to a custom ArcReader project with such layers as parcel, criminal events/statistics, census and population information, satellite imagery, and information on land use and development trends.

The Office should contact the GIS Analyst for more information on how to obtain a custom ArcReader Project.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Access to custom ArcReader Project $0

12. Transportation Dispatchers of the Transportation Agency are currently using a custom ArcReader project to assist the public to locate bus stops. Once ArcGIS server is implemented, a custom task can be developed to allow the agency to update bus stop locations and information about bus stops (such as time and days of operation) without needing to purchase a GIS license or attend formal training.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Access to custom ArcReader Project $0 Access to web-based mapping service via ArcGIS server

$0

13. Police As a public safety agency, the Police Department uses an emergency system module with a GIS interface. It would be useful for the department to have in-house GIS capabilities for developing crime trend data and to conduct various data and trend analyses.

14. Fire The Fire Department currently has one (1) ArcInfo standard license as well as spatial and 3D Analyst extensions licenses. The Department also uses a workflow module with GIS interface.

Continued training for staff that develops and analyzes GIS data should be considered.

Recommendation Anticipated Cost Continued training for staff $0 - $1000 per class per person


15. Civil Defense Civil Defense staff has access to ArcView in order to conduct hazard mitigation mapping analyses. The agency also works with the IT Division to produce public safety maps.

16. Water The Water Department currently has at least one (1) ArcInfo license. The department develops and maintains their own data, and conducts their own data analyses. The department also openly shares data and projects with the IT Division/GIS Analyst. The GIS Analyst is working with the Water Department to standardize water system data updates. Other Although all agencies are encouraged to learn more about how GIS can assist with their daily workflow and reporting, at this time following agencies would at least benefit from access to a web-based mapping application:

Agency on Elderly Affairs Access to census and population data Personnel Access to census and population data Solid Waste Access to parcel and facilities location

data Appendix E: Summary of Data Folders Held in Repository INTERNAL LIST. Data sets not for distribution without permission. 58 Niihau Quad

1 3 Mile Limit 59 Ocean All Islands 2 AgriLandUse (ALISH, ALUM, Prior Sugar, etc) 60 Ocean Recreation Zones 3 Aids to Navigation 61 Oil 4 Aquifers 62 Parks 5 Base yards 63 Point of Interest 6 Bathymetric 64 Police 7 Beach Erosion 65 Postal Districts 8 Bird Habitat 66 Private Schools 9 Boating Facilities 67 Propane

10 Body Surfing Sites 68 Proposed Development Projects 11 Bridges 69 Public Schools 12 Island (shape, buffer) 70 Radio Towers 13 Building Permits (Select) 71 Rain 14 Care Homes 72 Real Property Projects 15 Cell Towers 73 Reefs 16 Conservation District Subzone 74 Reserves 17 Census 75 Reservoirs 18 Coastal Resources 76 Roads (Tiger, Census, TeleAtlas, NavTec) 19 Coastal Names 77 Runways (airports, heliports) 20 Contours- 100 feet 78 Shopping Centers 21 Council Special Projects 79 State Land Use 2000 22 Credit Unions 80 Special Management Areas 23 Critical Habitat 81 Social Services 24 Dams 82 Solar Radiation 25 Day Care Centers 83 Streams


26 Ditches 84 Telephone 27 Electric 85 Threatened & Endangered Species 28 Elevation 86 Tax Map Key / Parcel 29 EMS Coverage 87 Towns 30 Enterprise Zones 88 Traffic Analysis Zones 31 Financial Institutions 89 Trails 32 Fire Department Related (Special) 90 Transfer Stations 33 Fishing Areas 91 Tunnel 34 Fishponds 92 Wastewater Systems 35 Fuel Storage (gas, gas stations, propane, etc) 93 Water Systems 36 Government Property 94 Water Quality Monitoring Sites 37 Harbor Ports 95 Water Tanks 38 Hazards (flood, tsunami, earthquake, etc) 96 Watershed 39 Heavy Equipment 97 Waterway Class 40 Historic (various, sensitive) 98 Wells 41 Hospitals 99 Wetlands 42 Hotels 100 Whale Sanctuary 43 Housing Units 101 Wrecks 44 Hunting Areas 102 Water Lines 45 Imagery (QB, Emerge, DRG, landsat, aerials, hillshade) 103 Zip Codes 46 Iniki 104 Zoning (2000, scans, by TMK) 47 Islets 48 Judicial_Districts 49 Kauai General Plan 50 Kauai Quad 51 Land Cover 52 Lifeguard Stations 53 Major Land Resource Areas 54 Marine Managed Areas 55 Mile Markers 56 Military 57 Neighborhood Centers

County of Kaua'i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Mitigation Strategy Appendix Chapter 6 – 5‐ 1

Chapter 6 Appendix 5: Best Practice as Mitigation – Hanalei Watershed Hui

In Kaua'i, many communities have returned to ahupua'a management systems, which is an integrated system of management from the “mountains to the sea” or “ridges to reef.” Water becomes an integrating theme moving from clouds in the mountains through the valleys through streams and plants, and then to the ocean. In addition, different types of knowledge and expertise were integrated because it was important to involve fishers as well as planters and healers in the management of the ecosystem.

to ro farming, and improve the

environment by using integrated management approaches.

t

reduction and build resilience for the impacts of disasters and for longer term climate change.

An example of the use of integrated watershed management, or ahupua'a management, is theHanalei Watershed Hui (HWH) that has developed a watershed action plan. When looking at the strategies, many of them include integrating science and traditional practices in actionsreduce flooding, increase food security with gardening and ta

The HWH website provides updates on weather, tides, surf, water quality, and river flooding toensure that community members are safe and informed about local conditions. The Hui has engaged the US Geological Survey, the US Army Corps of Engineers, and several state agencies in assessing environmental resources, water systems, drainage, and Even though HWH has nothought about their activities in terms of hazard mitigation, many activities contribute to risk

The watershed action plan, attached in the next several pages demonstrates the degree of planning. This is the version of the plan currently available on the website, www.hanaleiwatershedhui.org, although it is being updated and will be available in early 2010.

Most mitigation planning happens with the emergency managers, but the local communities are where the impacts from disasters will be experienced. Kauai Civil Defense recognizes the

importance of using integrated approaches for mitigation. To that end, they have participated in multi‐sector disaster mitigation committees and engaged communities through public meetings and planning efforts. Minimizing disaster risks involves building resilient communities that can withstand and recover from natural hazards, health threats, and environmental degradation. Although funding restrictions and bureaucratic requirements may not enable directly resourcing the entire best hazard mitigation practices, it is important to highlight the best practices of communities as they become allies in risk reduction.

County of Kaua'i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Mitigation Strategy Appendix Chapter 6 – 5‐ 2

http://www.hanaleiwatershedhui.org/

Chapter 6 Appendix 6: Best Practice for Partnerships in Flood Mitigation –

The CAK Home Show

The Contractors Association of Kaua'i (CAK) hold an annual Home Show that involves contractors and other organizations involved in the building and development. For the April 3‐4, 2009 CAK Home Show, CAK sponsored several booths for County agencies on disaster mitigation to kick off the planning update process.

Hawaiian Telcom donated wireless access at the Home Show which enabled the Civil Defense booth to access key maps and images about disaster risks. The Flood Coordinator, Mario Antonio, set up the computer to access a new online hazard assessment tool developed specifically for Kauai County using images and hazard layers available in the County GIS system. Several people stopped by the booth to learn what their flood risk was and ways to get flood insurance or other mitigation methods could be done to reduce their risks. By using the data stored online, anyone in Kaua'i County can access data and information on their flood risks.

Mayor Bernard P. Carvalho, Jr and CAK President Trinette Kau'I bow their head as the Kahuna prays for the opening of the annual home show.

The booth at the Home Show uses wireless internet and several laptops to help homeowners identify their flood risk.

County of Kaua'i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Appendix 6‐ 1

The Flood Coodinator prepares to discuss flood risks and mitigation options with homeowners attending the CAK Home Show.

Seminars on reducing flood risks were conducted in the outdoor tents. The Flood Coordinator obtained large paper maps, printed from the County’s GIS data, to use in the seminars. The public‐private partnerships in providing information to homeowners and communities in reducing disaster risks are a key emphasis of Kaua'i County’s mitigation strategy.

County of Kaua'i Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2009 Update Appendix 6‐ 2

County of Kauai Transportation Agency

DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN

I. Chain of Command

Janine Rapozo Executive on Transportation 241-6419 (work) 245-9501 (home) 651-1356 (cell) Becky Wada Operations Manager 241-6429 (work) 245-5200 (home) 634-4472 (office phone) Celia Mahikoa Program Specialist 241-6428 (work) 828-6660 (home) 651-7746 (cell) Lani Furusho Accountant 241-6248 (work) 332-8762 (home)

II. Pre-Disaster Phase-Alert

INFORM AND MOBILIZE ESSENTIAL STAFF IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS EFFORTS

Roles and Responsibilities

A) Executive on Transportation • Review Disaster Preparedness Response Plan • Inform essential staff of possible disaster and remind of preparedness

efforts and civil defense needs

B) Operations Manager

• Fuel all vehicles as needed

C) Accountant

• Review necessary paperwork needs for post-disaster recovery phase

D) Paratransit Coordinator

• Contact all service agencies including Wilcox Day Care, Association of Retarded Citizens of Kauai, Easter Seals, County Recreation Agency, etc. to advise of pending disaster and possible program closures.

III. Pre-Disaster Phase-Activation of EOC

COORDINATE WITH CIVIL DEFENSE IN DISASTER RESPONSE EFFORTS INCLUDING THE EVACUATION OF THE ELDERLY, DISABLED, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC.

Roles and Responsibilities

A) Executive on Transportation

• Report to EOC and coordinate with other County, State and private agencies in providing transportation for the off-island evacuation of those requiring specialized medical care, and the on-island evacuation of the elderly, disabled, residents and tourists who are in need of transportation.

B) Operations Manager

• Serve as outside link to EOC contact. • Organize, direct, and coordinate the preparation of an impending

disaster by:

-Ensuring that all equipment are fully fueled, operational, and secured; -Securing the Repair Shop, exterior office and baseyard area; -Notifying essential staff as needed of pending disaster and possible call out duty for evacuation efforts; and

-Contacting private bus companies for determination of possible evacuation assistance.

C) Accountant

• Secure the central office including the protection of computer and other equipment; and

• Maintain time log of agency's personnel.

D) Paratransit Coordinator

• Serve as the communication and information specialist by:

-Contacting all service agencies including Wilcox Day Care, Association of Retarded Citizens of Kauai, Easter Seals, County Recreation Agency, etc. to advise of pending disaster and anticipation of possible early program closures (during operating hours) or suspension of service (non-operational hours). Passengers will be taken from their programs to their normal drop off point or the nearest emergency shelter.

III. Post-Disaster Phase-Recovery

COORDINATE WITH CIVIL DEFENSE IN DISASTER RECOVERY EFFORTS INCLUDING THE TRANSPORTATION OF THE ELDERLY, DISABLED, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC.

All staff able to do so will report to the Transportation office at 7:45 am for briefing and assignments. Staff shall not report until family, health and safety are reasonably assured. Those unable to report will make every effort available to inform the Executive on Transportation of their situation. Staff reporting to work shall be available for assistance in recovery efforts including post disaster transportation to the airport of those requiring specialized

off-island medical care, and transportation to and from shelters, DACS, and other common areas. Executive on Transportation • Remain at EOC to coordinate with other County, State and private agencies in

providing transportation to and from various locations as needed.

Operations Manager • Complete damage assessments of all Transportation Agency facilities,

equipment, and vehicles; and • Determine service capability in disaster response efforts based on functional

equipment and manpower. Accountant

• Maintain a duty roster and daily log of employee work hours; • Attempt to contact all employees that have not reported to work and have not

contacted the Executive on Transportation to determine their status; and • Work with the Finance Department in providing the necessary support for the

procurement of emergency supplies and services. Paratransit Coordinator • Serve as the communication and information specialist by:

-Developing the necessary press releases regarding the status of transportation services to be provided by the agency (recommencing of transit and paratransit services, recovery efforts, etc.); and -Contacting all service agencies including Wilcox Day Care, Association of Retarded Citizens of Kauai, Easter Seals, County Recreation Agency, etc. to advise of status of recommencing of transportation services for their clients.

IV. Phone Tree

When the EOC is activated, the Transportation Agency's phone tree will be implemented to assist in call out duty as follows:

This document may be reprinted without restriction for those whom it will benefit.

By: Amelia Forrest Kaye

Kaua`i Economic Opportunity, Inc. Congressional Hunger Center

YOU CAN!

A Safety and Readiness Guide for

Kaua`i Seniors

2007

MABALIN Ilocano

“EN KOPWE” Chuckese

PUWEDE Tagalog

VOCÊ PODE Portuguese

¡PUEDES! Spanish POTO AU PITO

Tongan

HIKI NO Hawaiian

당신은 할 수 있다 Korean

できる Japanese

KOMAROÑ Marshallese

你可以 Chinese

Amelia Forrest Kaye / Kauaì Economic Opportunity, Inc. / 808.245.4077

1

YOU CAN… Be Prepared!

YOU CAN make every day a great day! You can talk story with the people you love. You can learn a new fact or a funny joke. You can do a favor for a friend or family member. You can eat tastier, more nutritious foods. You can work to improve your health. You can smile! YOU CAN be prepared! Just before canoe paddlers dip their paddles into the water, and just before hula dancers begin their performance, they say hoòmākaukau—a Hawaiian term for “get ready.” Life on Kauaì means knowing that this beautiful garden island is sometimes vulnerable to changing weather conditions. Mother Nature is unpredictable but you can learn what to do to be ready. You can take responsibility for your safety. You can hoòmākaukau. This is a guide to help you prepare. YOU CAN share it with your family and friends. Read on to discover the easy things that YOU CAN do today to keep yourself safe, happy, and ready.


2

YOU CAN… Find What You Need!

Be Prepared ………………………………………………………………………………1 Find What You Need……………………………………………………………….2 Get a Whistle and Flashlight…………………………………………………3 Know Whom to Call ….………………………………………………………………4 Make a Contact Tree……………………………………………………………….4 Call Your Community…………………………………………………………………5 Make Your Home Safe ……………………………………………………………6 Turn Off the Gas………………………………………………………………………7 Turn Off the Water…………………………………………………………………8 Turn Off the Electricity………………………………………………………….9 Shelter in Place…………………………………………………………………………10 Create an Evacuation Plan………………………………………………………11 Create a Go! Kit…………………………………………………………………………12 Gather Supplies for your Go! Kit ………………………………………..13 Ask your family for Preparedness Supplies……………………….14 Store Food………………………………………………………………………………..15 Protect your Important Documents……………………………………16 Share your Successes! …………………………………………………………..17 Do Five Easy Things to be Ready…………………………………………18 Learn More Information…………………………………………………………19

Amelia Forrest Kaye is a Bill Emerson National Hunger Fellow who worked at Kaua`i Economic Opportunity, Inc. to find innovative

ways to address the needs of Kaua`i’s elderly population. She intended this guide as a way

to disseminate important disaster preparedness information and thereby

empower people with knowledge.


3

YOU CAN… Get a Whistle and Flashlight!

YOUR FLASHLIGHT WILL HELP WITH MORE THAN JUST FINDING YOUR WAY. •• Use this simple code to communicate: 1 flash for

“Yes”, 2 flashes for “No”, 3 flashes for “Help!” •• Flashlights are very effective at getting

someone’s attention, or directing traffic •• Use flashlights to see AND TO BE SEEN.

A WHISTLE IS ALSO A VALUABLE COMMUNICATION TOOL.

•• The same code works for whistles: 1 blow for “Yes”, 2 blows for “No”, 3 blows for “Help!”

•• A whistle’s sound will carry much further than your voice, and it will last longer

•• Use a whistle as a warning signal

Source: CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters) (510) 451-3140


4

(My Main Contact)

ME

(My family)

(My family)

(My family)

(My friend)

(My friend)

(My family)

YOU CAN… Know whom to call!

1. HAVE A BUDDY Ask a friend, neighbor, or family member to be your check-in buddy. Find someone who will agree to call you every day to check in on you…if you ever miss the phone call, they will come looking to make sure you’re safe.

MY BUDDY’S NAME __________________________

MY BUDDY’S PHONE NUMBER__________________

2. MAKE A SAFETY TREE Think about the people you care about – and the people who care about you. List the names and phone numbers of the most important people to call (Include an off-island friend). Pick one person to be your main contact and let everyone know who it will be. This way, everyone will know whom to call to find out if you’re all right.

Aloha! It’s me.

Just calling to say hi!


5

YOU CAN… Talk to Community Agencies

Kauaì Economic Opportunity, Inc. (KEO): (808) 245-4077 Financial, housing, employment, and nutrition services

Kauaì County Agency on Elderly Affairs: (808) 241-4470 Information on senior resources and community outreach

Kauaì Civil Defense Agency: (808) 241-1800 Federal, state, and local disaster preparation, evacuation, and response

Kauaì County American Red Cross: (808) 245-4919 Disaster preparedness and response services

Kauaì District Health Office: (808) 241-3614 Public health assistance

Adult Mental Health Division Access Line: (800) 753-6879 Department of Health Emergency Services for Crises

Kauaì County Transportation Agency: (808) 241-6410 Kupuna Care door-to-door bus transportation


6

YOU CAN… Make your home safe!

A Safe Home Is a Happy Home

6 STEPS TO KEEP YOUR HOME SAFE

CLEAR the clutter from hallways and exit paths. MOVE heavy furniture away from couches, beds and places where people sit or sleep. INSTALL latches on kitchen cabinets and drawers to secure contents inside. STORE all flammable objects away from the stove and electrical appliances. PLACE fragile items away from the edges of tables and shelves. REMOVE electrical devices, such as hair-dryers, shavers, and electric toothbrushes, from water sources, such as showers and sinks.


What if the furniture is too heavy for me to move?

Ask your strong grandchildren for help!


7

YOU CAN… Shut Off Your Gas!

HEAR IT Hissing leak

Source: The Gas Company, Kaua`i Branch (808) 245-3301

Find your propane tank and the gas shutoff valve, and learn how it works.

After an emergency or accident, shut off your gas IF you:

REMEMBER: DO NOT TURN YOUR GAS BACK ON! Only the Gas Company can do so safely.

SEE IT

Dirt blowing

Flames or smoke coming

from the ground

SMELL IT

Odor of gas

HEAR IT

A hissing noise

Gas smells like rotten

eggs!

It sounds like air leaking out

of a balloon!

Propane Gas Meter

Propane Gas Tank To turn off your gas, turn this

handle to the left


8

How do I shut off my

water?

Rotate this metal bar

clockwise, so it is at a right angle to the water meter

YOU CAN… Shut Off Your Water!

Where is my water meter

located?

It’s in a box outside where

your front yard borders

the street.

Source: Kaua`i County Department of Water (808) 245-5444


9

YOU CAN…

Shut Off Your Electricity!

FIND THE LOCATION OF YOUR METER BOX

Sources: Kaua`i Island Utility Cooperative (808) 246-4300 US Department of Homeland Security www.ready.gov


10

YOU CAN… Shelter-in-Place!

If instructed to, if you hear warning sirens, or if you cannot leave your home,

you can shelter in place!

□□ SHELTER: Go inside the nearest building on high ground, away from the coast, to find protection from the outside.

□□ SHUT - Close all doors and windows. □□ LISTEN – to radio and TV or for public

announcements.

□□ Close all vents. Keep inside air in and the outside air out.

□□ Cover mouth and nose with a damp cloth or dust mask. □□ Turn off all motors and fans. Non-moving air is best. Turn off

anything that creates wind, generates extra heat, or could generate sparks.

□□ When possible, choose a room with bathroom facilities and water. Bring your emergency supplies to prepare to shelter-in-place for several hours.

□□ Select a room with as few windows as possible. Think of each wall as a blockade, protecting you from the outside. Seal any cracks or spaces with damp towels, duct tape or other barriers.

□□ Remain sheltered until the “all-clear” radio message is given.

What’s “Shelter-in-

place?”

It’s how to stay safe inside your home!

Sources: Kaua`i Civil Defense Agency (808) 241-1800 CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters) (510) 451-3140


11

If you hear an EMERGENCY SIREN, turn on your radio or TV for more information.

YOU CAN… Create an Evacuation Plan

Talk with your family and friends. Plan a nearby location where you can all meet in the case of an evacuation.

Evacuation Zone #1: Waimea-Kekaha Kekaha Elementary School (Not for Tsunami) 8140 Kekaha Rd. Kekaha

Waimea Canyon Elem. & Inter. 9555 Huakai Rd. Waimea

Waimea High School 9707 Tsuchiya Rd. Waimea.

Evacuation Zone #2: Koloa-Lawai-Kalaheo-Eleèle Koloa Elementary School 3223 Poipu Rd. Koloa

Eleele Elementary School 4750 Uliuli Rd. Eleèle

Kalaheo Elementary School 4400 Maka Rd. Kalaheo

Evacuation Zone #3: Lihue Kauaì Community College 3-1901 Kaumualiì Hwy.

Kauaì High School 3577 Lala Rd. King Kaumualiì Elementary School 4380 Hanamaùlu Rd. Convention Hall 4191 Hardy St. Wilcox Elementary School 4319 Hardy St.

Evacuation Zone #4: Kapaà Kapaà High School 4695 Mailihuna Rd. Kapaà Elementary School 4886 Kawaihau Rd. Kapaà Middle School 4867 Olohena Rd. Evacuation Zone #5: Princeville-Kilauea Kilauea Elem. School 2440 Kolo Rd. Kilauea Neighborhood Ctr. 2460 Keneke St.

SHELTERS

Source: US Department of Homeland Security, www.ready.gov; Kauaì Civil Defense Agency, (808) 241-1800


12

YOU CAN Create a Go Kit!

Your Personal Go-Kit Top Twelve!

What’s a “Go Kit?”

It’s a personal safety kit you

can carry. Just grab it and

go!

Keep a “Go-Kit” in your home, work, and car — if an emergency strikes, you just pick up the kit and

GO! Here is a list of the top twelve items that should be in your bag:

Food

Water Clothes

Flashlight Whistle

Duct Tape Garbage Bags

Radio and Batteries First Aid Kit

Identification Papers Pillow and Blanket

Personal Support Items

(i.e. medication, eyeglasses, hearing aid)

Sources: CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters) (510) 451-3140 Hawaii Red Cross, (808) 245-4919

Put your Go-Kit in a water-safe bag or container so it doesn’t get wet!


13

YOU CAN… Gather Supplies for your Go-Kit

Water: Keep several small packets instead of one large bottle.

Food: Pick foods that you like! Choose items that do not need to be cooked. Make sure to store a can opener! Or buy flip-top cans. First-Aid Kit: Include band-aids, anti-bacterial ointment, and sterile alcohol swabs.

Essential medications/eyeglasses/hearing aids: Store an emergency supply of medication in your go-kit. Write down the dosage schedule so you don’t forget!

Keep a spare pair of eyeglasses, hearing aids (and their batteries!) and medical prescriptions. Know where you store your cane, walker, or wheelchair, so you can access it quickly when needed.

AM/FM radio (with extra batteries): Small, battery-powered radios are the least expensive.

Clothes: Several light layers are better than bulky garments. Choose a poncho or rain-jacket to keep you dry.

Tissues/toilet paper/wet-wipes: Store in a zip-top bag to protect from dirt and moisture.

Garbage bags/plastic bags and duct tape: They can help solve many problems! You can use them for: emergency rain gear; toilets and sanitation when plumbing doesn’t work; a bag for valuables; to carry water; to seal cracks in doors and windows; or as privacy screens.

Scissors: Use with care!

Source: CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters), (510) 451-3140 US Department of Homeland Security, www.ready.gov; Kaua`i Civil Defense Agency, (808) 241-1800

Pack sturdy shoes and

comfortable clothing!


14

YOU CAN… Ask your family for Preparedness Supplies

Do you find that your friends and loved ones sometimes give you gifts you didn’t want, need or use?

Auntie, what do you want

for Christmas?

Well, I’d love some safety supplies or a

smoke detector!

I have you! I don’t need

anything else.

Well, can I at least get you something

little?

Ask them to help you become safe and prepared by giving you some of the life-saving, time-saving or just stress-saving things you need.

Are you concerned about the cost or work involved in getting important supplies?

Do you find that your friends and loved ones sometimes give you gifts you don’t want, need or use?

It is truly a gift of love to give someone smoke detectors, a cell phone, or any of the items that belong in a Go Kit.



15

YOU CAN… Store Food!

Choose foods you enjoy!

Canned meats (low-fat) Pasta, rice

Cereal or granola Nuts, crackers Dried Fruits Peanut butter

Powdered nonfat milk

Canned/Boxed Fruit Juices

Canned vegetables (low-sodium)

Vitamins

Avoid salty foods, they will make you thirsty!

Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking, and little or no water.

Remember a manual can-opener! Source: CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters), (510) 451-3140

US Department of Homeland Security, www.ready.gov; Kaua`i Civil Defense Agency, (808) 241-1800

Hawai`i Red Cross, www.hawaiiredcross.org


16

YOU CAN… Protect your Important Documents!

□□ Copies of credit cards / bank account information □□ State Identification card or Driver’s License □□ Medical insurance; Medicare cards; Medicaid cards □□ Last will and testament

For about $1, you can make photocopies of your vital papers!

Medical Information List Please complete this form and distribute copies to your Buddy and your

important contacts. Primary Physician:

Telephone number:

Address: Type of Health Insurance:

Policy number:

Allergies: Medical conditions and physical limitations: Medications:

Dosages:

Source: US Department of Health & Human Services Office on Disability US Department of Homeland Security, www.ready.gov; Kaua`i Civil Defense Agency, (808) 241-1800 Federal Emergency Management Agency, www.fema.gov

Put photocopies in a zip-top

bag to protect from water and

dirt!


17

YOU CAN… Share your Sucesses!

My wife grows fruits and vegetables in her garden. I always teased her for spending more time with the plants than with me! But during the Hurricane, the papayas, tomatoes, okra and green onions were a welcome relief from all the canned food! -Uncle from Anahola

During the forty days and forty nights of rain, water started to leak through my walls. I asked for help from the nice man who lives next door. He brought over duct tape and garbage bags, and he stopped the leaks! -Auntie from Kapa`a

As soon as we heard news of the heavy storm approaching the island, I called my son and we went out to our taro fields to rescue as much of the crop as we could. We were just in time! We ate poi until we were sick of it, but at least we had food! ~Uncle from Hanalei

When I was very young, I learned the importance of storing extra food in my pantry in the case of an emergency. When Hurricane Iniki struck the island, my family knew where to find good food—they came to me! ~Auntie from Lihue

I was afraid to leave my house, but I lived close to the water and knew I was in danger. I called my friend in Kalaheo, and she came over and picked me up! She let me stay with her for over a month, until it stopped raining and we could repair my house. -Auntie from Koloa


18

YOU CAN…

Be Prepared Everyday!

Five Easy Things You Can Do to Be

Prepared:

□□ CARRY a keychain flashlight and whistle with you everywhere

□□ NOTE important information—contacts and resources—and keep it safe

□□ ASK about preparedness—at your neighborhood center, at your doctor’s office, at your local grocery store

□□ TELL people what they need to know—how to contact you, how to evacuate, how to prepare

□□ PACK a go-kit that you can carry with you to leave safely in a hurry

Go to…

Where should I…?

Got a flashlight? You can use it to get

help, warn someone of a

danger, or as a signaling

device

Flashlight signals: 1 = yes 2 = no

3 = help!

A whistle is louder than your voice! It will last longer and get noticed.

Whistle signals: 1 blow = yes 2 blows = no

3 blows = help!

Source: Kauaì Civil Defense Agency (808) 241-1800 CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters) (510) 451-3140 Hawaiì Red Cross, Kauaì County (808) 245-4919


19

YOU CAN… Get More Information!

Kauaì Economic Opportunity, Inc. / 808.245.4077 / [email protected] 2804 Wehe Road. Lihue, HI 96766 Kauaì County Agency on Elderly Affairs / 808.241.4470 / Piìkoi Building. 4444 Rice St, #330. Lihue, HI 96766 Hawaiì Red Cross, Kauaì County / 808.245.4919 / 4371 Puaole Street, Suite A. Lihue, HI 96766 / www.hawaiiredcross.org Kauaì Civil Defense Agency / 808.241-1800 / Suite 100, 3990 Kaàna Street. Lihue, HI 96766 Kauaì District Health Office /808.241.3614 / 3040 Umi Street. Lihue, HI 96766 The Gas Company (Kauaì) / 808.245.3301 / www.hawaiigas.com / 3990 Rice Street. Lihue, HI 96766 Kauaì Island Utility Cooperative / 808.246.4300 / 4463 Paheè Street, Suite 1. Lihue, HI 96766 Kauaì County Department of Water / 808.245.5444 / www.kauaiwater.org / 4398 Pua Loke Street. Lihue, HI 96766 CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disasters) / 510.451.3140 / www.firstvictims.org US Department of Homeland Security / 202.282.8000 /www.ready.gov Federal Emergency Management Agency / www.fema.gov US Department of Health & Human Services Office on Disability / www.hhs.gov/od

SEP 2 9

Community Wildfire Protection Pian for

Kauai HawaiiSponsored by the Kauai Fire Department

June 2009

q

8

w4ws

Written by Denise Laitinen2009

Kauai Community Wildfire Protection Plan

June 2009

Table of Contents

Signature Page 03Executive Summary 04

Background 05Infrastructure 11

Vegetation 12Fire Department Resources 15Fire History 17Stakeholders 26

Community Base Map for Kauai 28Fire Risk Assessment for Kauai 29

Community Assets at Risk 42

Community Concerns for Kauai 44Recommended Action for Kauai 44

Reduce Structure Ignitability 48

Appendix A Fire Model of Ignition Component of Fuels and Fire Model Spread Component of Fuels

Appendix B Places of Importance to the People of Kauai

Appendix C List of Grant Resources

This Community Wildfire Protection Plan was made possible with the assistance ofthe KauaiFire Department Theauthor would tike to extend asincere mahalo nui loa to the followingpeople and agencies for theirassistance Chief RoberC Westerman and Captain David Bukoskiof the Kauai Fire Department Roland Licona of the Department ofHawaiian Home Lands andKawika Smith ofHawaii State Division ofForestry and Wildlife A very special mahalo nui loa to

Francisco Garcia ofKauai Fire Department forhis fire data assistance and Garrett Johnson ofKauai County GIS for researching and creating the GIS maps used in this project Unlessotherwise noted all photographs courtesyofDenise Laitinen

Cover photo View ofAugust 2005 Wailuawildfire Photo courtesy of Kauai Fire Department

KauaiCommunity Wildfire Protection PlanJune 2009

Kauai Community Wildfire Protection PlanMutual Agreement Page

The Community Wildfire Protection Plan CWPP developed for the Island of Kauai Hawaii by theKauai Fire Department

Was collaboratively developed Interested parties and federal land management agenciesmanaging land on Kauai Island have been consulted

This Plan identifies and prioritizes areas for hazardous fuel reduction treatments andrecommends the types and methods of treatment that will protect Kauai

This Plan recommends measures to reduce the ignitability of structures throughout the area

addressed by the Plan

The following entities mutually agree with the contents of this Community Wildfire Protection Pian

c1 9 3 oRobert Westerman Da e

Fire Chief Kauai Fire Department

Mark Marshall Dat

Administrator Kauai CountyCivil Defense Agency

Kauai Community Wildfire Protection PlanJune 2009

Executive SummaryCovering roughly 622 square miles the Island of Kauaiis the smallest of the four main Hawaiian Islands interms of geographical size as well as population withmore than 63000 inhabitants Yet it has the highestconcentration of endangered and threatened nativeHawaiian plants and animals in the state

Dominated by the sugar cane industry for more than a

century today on Kauai acre upon acre ofonce activeagricultural land now lies fallow or is subject toresidential development With the exception of smallindustrial and commercial zones virtually the entireIsland of Kauai is in a wildland urban interface WUIenvironment-thatisthe Tine area orzone where structuresand other human development meetor intermingle

with undeveloped wildlandor vegetative fuelThese intertace areas pose the highest riskof loss oflife and property due to wildland fire The

risk of wildland fire impacting homes in the WUI is determinedby several factors including the ignitabilityof fuels structural ignitability weather conditionsand topographical features such as slope Unlikeother parts of the United States wildfire isnot a natural partof HawaiisecosystemIn Hawaii wildfiresdestroy native plants which can impact the watershed and the habitat ofthreatenedand endangerednative Hawaiian animals Wildfires in Hawaii canalso cause soil erosion which has the potentialto cause runoff that can negatively impact ocean reefs The

overwhelming majorityof wildfires in the state ofHawaii and Kauai in particular are caused by humanerror Human error includes errantfireworks rubbish cooking and agricultural firesas well as vehicle-caused

wildfiresPrincipal stakeholders

who havean interest in protecting Kauai from wildfire include the Kauai Fire Department theState Division ofForestry and Wildlife DOFAW Kauai County Civil Defense Agency Department ofHawaiian Home Lands DHHLUS FishWildlife Service USFWS large landowners and farmerssuch asGrove Farm and Kauai Coffee Company aswellas residents themselves These stakeholders wereinvited toparticipate in the development ofthis Plan A wildfire

risk hazard assessment determined thatthe WUIareas around theisland havea high risk of wildland fireSince 2000 roughly 30 ofall fires that occur annually onKauai are wildfires These wildfires haveclosed major highways and threatened homes This CWPP

encompasses theentireislandofKauai Community meetings wereheldin June 2008 in Kapa aWaimeaand Lihue Interagency fire service meetings were held between June 2008 and June 2009 Meetingswith community members and fireagency personnel identified 12priority mitigation measures thatcan reduce the wildfire riskon Kauai as well as improve community safety These include1Installing and maintaining firebreaks alongtheWailua Corridor2 Reducing fuel load along the WailuaCorridor3 Implementing grazing practices inAnahola and increasing grazing around the perimeter ofWailua Homesteads4 Maintaining and increasing the useof current reservoirs aroundtheisland5 Continuing general publicfire prevention education suchasthe need for defensible space particularlyinKokee Anahola Wailua Hanamaulu Koloa Waimea and Kapa a4

KauaiCommunity Wildfire Protection Plan

June 2009

6 Implementing community chipping days to encourage fuel load mitigation and green waste recycling7 Increasing the use of fire-resistantbuilding materialsin new residential development8ImplementingFirewise recommendationsinthe planning process suchas multiple meansofingressegressand fuel-breaks aroundailnew residential subdivisions9Creating secondary emergency accessroadsinresidential areas where necessary 10 improving communication between statefederaland county agencies during wildfires11 purchasing a refurbished light-response brush trucktobestaged in Kokee and 12 installation of fire hydrants or stand pipes in Kokee Background Kauai is

aplace of extremes The oldest and northernmost ofthe main Hawaiian islands Kauai ishome tooneof the wettest places on earth-the5 148-footMtWaialeaiewhich receives 460inchesof rainayearAmere 15 miles away on the leeward coast Kekaha receives only 20 inches ofrain annually and experience strong tradewinds Because thecentral interior of

Kauai is home tosteep inaccessible mountains including Mt Waialeale Kawaikini 5243feetandtheNaPaii coast 17 miles long with4 000-foot cliffs residential commercial industrialandagricultural activitiesarefound along the perimeterofthe island Due to the rugged 17-mile longNa Pali coastline which encompasses6 175 acres on northwest sideoftheisland andis inaccessible tovehiclesthere are no roads around the entire island Rather the route around the island isone ofahorseshoe shape ending at either end oftheNaPali Coast in addition to being shaped by geographic

features Kauai s economic history has alsoshaped thelandscapeofthe island Driving around theperimeter of the island on the one main highway known as Kuhio Highway on theeastside andKaumualiiHighway on the west one encountersvast expanses of open land juxtaposed withsmall towns

where the homesaresited in close proximity to each other Slope around the island varies by geography

although the overall terrain in the region naturally slopes from the mountains down to theseaGulches as wellas hills several hundred feet in elevation dot the countryside Because Kauai isthe oldest ofthemain Hawaiian islands rain has eroded mountains tosteep cliffs especially in the islandscenter Some subdivisions such as HanapepeResidence Lots in Hanapepe and Wailua Riverview Estates in Wailuahave steep ridges bordering their community Others such as Lawai have gulches runningthrough their communities Vegetation zonesvarybetween grasslands mixed forest

high-intensity developed scrub shrub bare land estuarine shrubscruband low-intensitydeveloped amongothers Communities andsubdivisions on Kauaiareoften separated byvastexpansesofopen grasslands containing high-intensity burning fire fuels including grasses and shrubs Manyofthegrassessuch as molasses grass Melinis minutiflora and beard-grass Schizachyrium condensatum are fire-adapted andincrease wildfire potentialintheareas they

invadeThesugar

cane industrywhich shaped the Above

left and

right Former sugar

cane fieldslie fallow across the island Overgrown with grasses these area poseawildfire risktothe

communities thev surround


residential agricultural and economic face of Kauai for 125 years has died out in the past 20 yearsGay and Robinson Inc the last sugar producer on the island announced in September 2008 that itwas ceasing sugar cane operations on Kauai after 119 years

Lands that were once maintained forsugar cane production now lie fallow or have been sold andturned into residential developments Many of these fallow fields are overgrown with vegetation andsurround existing andor new subdivisions

Above Recent residential development in Poipu More than4000 residential unitsareplanned for Poipu which has acurrent population of1000permanent residents

The increase in residential development has led to an interesting juxtaposition decades-oldplantation neighborhoodswithmodest homes built on small lots are now adjacentto gentleman farms-largelots witheven larger homes Many of these newer homes particularly inareas such as Poipu and Hanalei arevacation rentalsor second homes thatare not occupied onaregular basis New

development combinedwith year-round balmyweather and spectacular scenery hasled to an increase inKauai s populationIn2006 the last year for which dataisavailable an estimated 63 004 peoplelivedon Kauai an increase of7percent from the2000 Census countof58463 residentsThere are

five districts on Kauai Waimea including thetown of WaimeaHanapepe Kekaha and Kokee State Park Koloa encompassingKoloa and Poipu Lihue including Lihue andHanamaulu Kawaihau encompassing thetownsofKapaaWailuaKealia and Anahola and Hanalei which includes thetownsof Princeville Kilauea Haena andHanalei Althoughthe

town of Lihue on the southeast coastisthe government seatofthe island and home tothe island s mainairport andretail centers it is not the most populous TheIuG

liri u y r a

v t yGfs

ar v issEICEu F13 MTvy4

0ta es Ltif iSa cdzt ijt4ir y4FZ fi3kzGF1

H iYiRqb ryt3 r1argest

town

population-wise IsKapaa six miles to the north ofLihue About10 000 people callKapaa home ManyofMap showing the 5 districtsofKauai Map Kapaasresidentsmustdrivealong Kuhio Highway known courtesyof http www hawaiis comastheWailua

Corridor to travel between Lihue and Kapaafor workandshopping Lihue isthe second largest town on Kauai5 900 residents Otherpopulated areas include Hanamaulu3500 residents andWailua Homesteads 4 500 residents Furtherup the coast from Kapaaon theeast side Anahola has roughly2250 residents Onthesouthwest side oftheF


island Kalaheo has an estimated4100 residents Former plantation towns on the southwest side suchas Hanapepe2500 residents Koloa1800 residents and Waimea1800 residents have smallerpopulations Poipu with its concentration of resorts and vacation rentals has an estimated year-roundpopulationof 1 000Figure

1 Map illustrating thepopulation densityof Kauai Light yellow represents high-density developedareaswhile darkyellowrepresents low-density developed areasThedots represent dams Map courtesyofKauai County GIS7Figure1

shows

the population density of Kauai Population densities center around townssuch asKapaa and

Lihue


Figure 2 depicts the largest landowners on Kauai The State of Hawaii is the largest landholder Otherlarge landowners include Alexander Baldwin including Kauai Coffee Company Grove Farm andthe Department of Hawaiian Home Lands DHHL among others Although depicted as state landDHHL owns20000acres on Kauai Their land holdings include 15000acres in the Waimea district5000 in Anahola and 400 acres in Wailua

Figure 2 Map showing major landowners onKauai White areas represent Hawaii State government lands grey GroveFarm dark green the Robinson Family purple Alexander Baldwin Tight green Visionary LLC mediumblue WHRice orange Kamehameha schools dark orange Bette Midler yellow Princeville Development dark blue CornerstoneHawaii Fire station locations arealso shown Map courtesy ofKauai County GIS

R

KauaiCommunity Wildfire Protection PtahJune 2009

One of the largest private landowners on island is Grove Farm Kauai with 40000acres its holdingsinclude the former sugar mill lands of Koloa Mill and Lihue Plantation

As sugar cane production ceased in the mid-1990sin eastern Kauaia majorityof former Grove Farm sugarlands were leasedfor cattle ranching tree farming and the growing of diversified agricultural cropssuch as corn bananas and taro it also built residential developments including the Puakea subdivisioninLihue pictured below Grove

Farm isconcerned aboutthethreatofwildfires onits property and stringently requires thatali lesseesmaintain the leased property and the roads therein Accordingto Mike Tresier senior vice- presidentof Grove Farm the company hasevicted lessees whohave allowed brush to become overgrown

or who have not maintained theroads In some instances Grove Farm has broughtin cattle rancherstograze areas when vegetation became overgrownor grew tooclosetoutility poles Left

entrance signtoPuako sectionofthe Puakea subdivision inLihue Right typical house inPuako subdivisionBuiltonformer sugarcane lands Puako was recently developed byGrove Farm Kauai which hasdiversified its holdings since the demiseofthe sugar cane industry Despite

the demiseofthe sugar cane industry agriculture isstill a vital part of Kauaiseconomy Seed corngrown primarilyin West Kauai and exported to the USmainlandis the islandsnumber one crop interms ofeconomic value Other important crops include guava taro and coffee In fact the largest coffeeestatein the U Sis found on Kauai Located on the southwest sideofthe island Kauai Coffee Companygrows35million poundsof coffee annually60of the statestotal coffee production on3

400acres Kauai Coffee Company allows small-scale rancherstograze in gulches around their property Smalllivestock

operations operate around theisland raising poultry and hogs for local consumption Cattlearealso raised on Kauai for beef export to theUS mainlandAside from

agriculture the islandsmainindustry istourism Kauai isrich in natural beauty with its steep mountain cliffswhite sand beaches native forests and cascading waterfalls Thereare numerous state andcounty parks around the island including Kokee State Park Wailua River State Park and Na Pali CoastState ParkKokee State Park and Wailua River StatePark are situated within theislandswildlandurbaninterface While there

areno national parks on Kauai the island is home to the national headquarters ofthe National TropicalBotanical Gardens NTBG TheNTBG preserves conserves and perpetuates biological resourcessuchasrare and native Hawaiian plantsaswell as cultural and historical 9


June 2009

resources Its holding on Kauai include aseries of gardens such as the McBryde Garden and AllertonGarden in Lawai Valley on the south side and the nearly1000-acreLimahuli Garden and Preserve on thenorth shore in Limahuli Valley in Ha enaThe gardensinHa enaand Lawai Valleys contain archeological

resources whileMcBryde Gardenishome to the largest exsitu collectionofnative Hawaiianflora in existence NTBG also manages the Breadfruit Institute whichwith 120 varieties makesitthe largest collectionofbreadfruitin the world There

are also three national wildlife refuges on Kauai including Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge HuleiaNational Wildlife Refuge and Kilauea National Wildlife Refuge all of which are managedbythe USFish and Wildlife Service USFWS Encompassing

917 acres in Hanalei Valley on Kauaisnorth shore the Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge wasestablished under the Endangered Species Act to conserve fiveendangered waterbirds that rely onthe Hanalei Valley for nesting and feeding habitat thekoloa Hawaiian duck alae keokeoHawaiian

cootalaeulaHawaiian moorhenaeoHawaiian stilt and nene Hawaiian goose Twenty-sevenadditionalspeciesofnative Hawaiian birds and 18 nonnative bird species also use the Refuge Viewof

taro fields inHanalei While thetaro fieldsare quite lush the surrounding hillsidesareprone to wildfires Duetothe rugged terrain

unattended campfiresinthis areacan spread quickly Photo credit tripadvisorcom HanaleiValley

is surrounded by steep hillsides Taro farming has beenan important cropinHanalei Valley for1 000 yearsNearlytwo-thirds ofthestates sixmillionpounds of tarpisgrown in HanaleiGiven the large amounts of water required for taro farming andanannual average rainfallof62 inches the riskof wildfireis minimal in the Hanalei Valley area However wildfires can anddo occur in the surrounding hillsides Although theareaisgenerally high in moisture vegetation can dryout in the summer monthsand during periods of drought lead to increased wildfire riskInAugust 2008

50 acres burned inaremote area of Hanakapiai Valley closing

theKalalau Traila popular hiking trail Kauai FireDepartment personnel rescued 28day-hikersviaHanakapiai Beachduringthe wildfire The beach isonly accessible by the KalalauTrail or by boat The blaze may have started byacampfireUnattended campfires in the Hanakapiai Valley are of concernto officials becauseofthe rugged terrain Down the coast from

Hanalei Valley Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge juts outintothe ocean on Kauai snorth shore The203-acre refugeencompasses Crater HillMakolea Pointaswellasthe 106-year-old Kilauea Lighthouse which isontheNational Registerof Historic Places The sea cliffs provide nesting areasfornative Hawaiian seabirds including the endangered nene aswellasnative Hawaiian plants Wildfires have occurredin thearea in recent years including one firestarted by discarded smoking materials just outside the entrancetotheRefuge in2000 Located onthe southwest side ofthe

island by the Menehune11 Above view of Kilauea Lighthouse

Photocredit

tripadvisor com


Fish Pond the 241-acreHuleia National Refuge isa flat valley along the Huleia River borderedbya steep

wooded hillside Thirty-one speciesofbirds can be found hereA registered National Historic Landmark theUSFWS purchased the landfrom Grove Farm in 1973 to provide wetlahds for endangered Hawaiianwaterbirds that relyon the Huleia River Valley for nesting and feeding habitat Both Hanalei

and Huleia Refuges are in river valleys surrounded bysteep wooded hillsides Both Refuges areclosed tothe public to protect the endangered birds and their habitat Since the Refuges are privatethe threat of human-caused wildfires isreducedHowever it ispossible that wildfires that start beyond theborders of the refuges can havea debilitating effect To address this concern the USFWS hasdevelopedfire plansfarall three Kauai refuges Inadditionto

agriculture and tourism the military also hasa presence on Kauai TheU S NavysPacific MissileRangeFacility PMRFat Barking Sands on the western shore past Waimea isoneof the largest employerson theisland Covering nearly2 385 acres PMRFis the biggest testing and training missile facility

of its kind in the world PMRF has its own fire department and thereisan established Memorandum of

Understanding MOU between theCountyofKauai and PMRF for assistance inwildlandfirefighting PMRF has contract helicopter services which canassist forafeeon large wildland and

forest fires PMRF issurrounded

by6000 acres offormer sugar cane lands PMRF is undertaking an Agriculture Preservation Initiative workingwith theState and County toensure that the ands remain designated for agricultural use InfrastructureKauai has

well-establishedinfrastructure Thevastmajorityofroads in subdivisions and municipalities around theisland observedduring the wildfire hazard assessment are pavedAmain highway Kuhio Highway Highway 560 ontheeastside and KaumualiiHighway Highway 50on thewest runs along the perimeter oftheisland up to the inaccessible Na Pali coastline The County and State

maintain the roads Major roadways on Kauai aregreater than

24feetinwidth In fact Section 9-2 3 of theKauaiCountyCode GeneralStandards forStreets mandates thatmajorundivided thoroughfaresbeat least80feet in width while divided

thoroughfares be at least 88 feet Major streets are tobe60 feet wide collector streets are required tobe56feet

wide minor streets 44 feet wide and dead-end streets must be 40feetwide Dead end streets longer than150 feet are required

to have room for fire department apparatus to turn around Privatesubdivisions mustadhere to this codeaswell Property owners on Kauai are required

tobeconnected to the County water system and homes arenot allowedto have catchment systems All areas of Kauaiareon

the electric grid Utilities are above-ground in older neighborhoods and subdivisionsTheKauai Planning Departmentisresponsibleforrequiring utilities tobe placed underground in new residential developments tt AboveRoadway in Wailua Collector roads

such

as this one are requiredtobeat least 56 feet wideinaccordance with Kauai County Code


VegetationThe vast majority of land on Kauai is classified as conservation or

agricultural Figure 3 illustrates state land use zoning on Kauai

Kauai has more native Hawaiian endangered and threatened plants thanany other major Hawaiian island Ninety-fiveof the 97 native Hawaiian plant specieslisted as threatenedor endangeredas designated under theU SEndangered5peciesActare foundon Kauai wwwfwsgovpacificislandspublicationslistingplantspdflThisismore than three times the number ofendangeredand threatened plants foundon any other Hawaiian island In

September 2008 the USSecretaryof the Interior issueda proposal planningto add 48 additional plants animal and insect species found only onKauai to the federal endangered species list The proposal also recommendedadding 27 674acresas designated critical habitat forthe48 Figure

3Land use zoningon Kauai The green blue and brown areas represent conservaiion agriculture and urbanIlandclassifications respectivelyYellow areasareclassifiedas rural The past five yearsofwildfiredataare also indicatedMap courtesy ofKauai GISr


species Ali but1646 of the proposed 27674 acres are already designated as critical habitat for otherspecies There is roughly 52500acres of critical habitat designated on Kauai Figure 4 illustrates thelocation of the critical habitats in relation to recent wildfires

Figure 4Map depicts areas designated as critical habitatsfor plants and animals on Kauai as well as the location ofwildrires in recent years Areas highlighted in peach are bird habitatsand those cream in color areother criticalhabitats Map courtesy ofKauai County GIS

1i

In 2008 Alexander Baldwin entered into a 10-yearagreement withThe Nature Conservancyto manage

over7000acres inWainiha Valley extending into Alakai Swamp andMt Wai alealeThis extensivemanagement willhelp protect the127 species of rare plants and native forest birds Someofthe endangered plantson Kauai are so rare that thereare less than 100 known plants still in

Kauai Community WitdfixeProtection PlanJune 2009

existence Indeed it is believed that there are only seven mature Olulu Brighamia insignis plantsremaining in the wild-allfound in two locations on Kauai Kuawawaenohu

Alsinidendron lychnoidesa small flowering plant isfound in only three valleys on Kauai

with each population having about 10-20 plantsOlulu plant

Once found onall fourmajor Hawaiian islands todayitsestimatedthere areonly7 plants in the wild-all found onKauai Photo

courtesy ofArkive BillCoster Moreprevalent

than the previous two mentioned plants Kolea Myrsine linearifolia isa perennial shrub that can reach 26 feet in height It can be found ineight locations around Kauai with the largest numberof shrubs found inKalalau Valley Kokee alone

contains 57 rare or endangered plant species Many plants and animalsdepend on this unique ecosystem forsubsistence State forestry officialsmaintain15plant exclosures Inaddition they maintain the KokeeRare Plant Facility where they propagate more than twodozen rare andendangered plant speciesGiven Kokeesremotelocation wildfires

have thepotentialto cause tremendous harm

tothe nativeforest ecosystem There

are

also several speciesofnative Hawaiian Above leftThe Kauai Cave Wolf Spideranendangered native

Hawaiian animal reliesonthe animals thatcanbe negatively impacted bywildfire endangered Kauai cave Ampnipod for food above The akepaLoxops coccineusasmall right The Hawaiian Hoary Batisconsidered Hawaiishoneycreeperfound

inforests above3000 feetonly native land mammal Photo credit eats primarily

spiders and insects The Kauai Cave d earthsendangered comWolfSpider

Adelocosa anopsorPeePee MakaOle isan endangered animal whose mainfood source isanother endangered animalthe Kauai Gave Amphipod SpelaeorchestiakoanaTheHawaiian HoaryBat Lasiurus cinereus semotusisconsidered tobeHawaii s onlynative land mammal Thehoary bat roosts in trees in forests and open pastures makingit susceptible to wildfires Wildfires on

Kauai can lead to soil erosion and runoff into theocean impacting thereefs and marine mammals leftphoto Denise Laitinen Right photo JeffreyL Cooper 2007 Marine life

found in coastal waters canalso be impacted by wildfires Soilerosion caused bywildfires canlead to runoff which can eventuallyendup in the ocean Theresulting sedimentation inthe ocean and on coralcan negatively impact reefs andlocal traditional practices for

gathering food from the ocean14


June 2009

Fire Department ResourcesThe Kauai Fire Department KFD isthe primary responder to all wildfiresExisting mutual aid agreementsbetween KFD and other fire agenciesallow for cooperative responseson

fires of mutual concern

KFD has mutual aid agreements withPMRF Lihue Airport GrashFireRescue Department and DOFAWKFD receives grant funding fromDOFAW of which the funds can beutilized to organize train and equipKFD fire personnel

A total of 125 personnel staff 7 firestations around Kauai with 32-37firefighterson duty across theisland atany

given time An eighth fire station plannedfor Kealia isscheduled tobe Figure

5 Fire response mapfor the island ofKauai shows theareas of responsibilityforthe different fire fighting agencies on island KFD is theprimary responder toall fires Fire Resource Map courtesyofbuilt

in 2011 Figure6 shows stationI DOFAWwildfire

response data per fire station Between2003 and 2008 Station2 Kapaarespondedto the most wildfires-170 whilestation3Lihue respondedto127 wildfires KFD has

21 apparatus and 14 light trt tankers 3mini-pumpers

2Hummersincident command vehiclecks including11

engines7 with slip-on 300-gallon units42rescuetrucks and 2hazardous material vehicles including an DOFAW has23 personnel trained

forwildland firefighting onKauai Their wildland firefighting equipment includes 3water tendersa400-gallon slip-on unitfor initial responsetwo 100-gallonslip-on t5


June 2009

units for ATVs for initial response two water pumps one backhoe two dozers one grader and two

portable1500-gallondiptanksThe heavy equipmentieboth dozers grader and backhoe isbased inKokee with the remainder keptat the Lihue base yardfl

ouikareu AJt

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iU0T4kSNt yyiCittgbRpryyrnNAA SLE2 iEtom tyr tli iqHruahFfres

2003-JuneQBSattootResponseTKJ HrushFfres

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9rushFftas ST16Usxx t7osra xz

ST4 55

STS 43

3T6 43

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2006 BrustiF

see2006BruskaFite

2901BrushEire

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f3cushF6ee ttigh

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FCtowI ensafyevelopedFigure6

Map illustrating wildfiresonKauaibetween 2003-2008 andthenumberofresponses per station MapcourtesyofKauaiCounty GIS lh


The mostcommon injury complaints by firefighters in the course of suppressing wildfires on Kauai are

dehydration and exhaustion While not aserious injury on its own exhaustion can lead to motor skillsimpairment and slower response to changing conditions Heart related problems and vehicle accidentsare the two leading causes of line ofduty deaths for firefighters nationwide The morewildfires a

community experiences the higher the probability of one of these situations occurring

Wildfires on Kauai have been responsible for one death Since Kauai Fire Department does not have itsown rescue helicopter it contracts with an outside company Inter-IslandHelicopters forassistancetosuppress

wildfiresOn Christmas Day 2005a helicopter pilot was killed when his aircraft crashed while conductingwater drops onaHanamaulu wildfireFire

History BetweenJanuary 2000 and September 2008 there were 837wildfires on Kauai Annual wildfire totals range

froma low of61 wildfires in 2004 toa high of 134 wildfires in 2007 see Table1 Wlldland

brush and grass fires tendto spike from May through September with the highest numbersinthesummer monthsofJuly and August wildfire

totals include three categoriesof fire data collected by KFD brush or grass fires forestor wildland

fires and grass fires Table

1 Kauai Fires 2000-2008 perKFD Year Numberof wildfires Brush rass

forest and wildland fires Totaloffires Percentageof wildfires tototal of

fires 2000 101284 38 2001 102262 39 2002 80256 31 2003 103282 36 2004 61207 29 2005 98283 35 2006 76

281 27 2007 134336 40 2008 82237 34 Totals 8372 408 34ercent Of note

is the large number of wildfires as well as overall increaseofthe total number of fires during 2007 Onepossiblereason forthehigher than normal number ofwildfires isthe higher than normal rain levels thepreceding winter which inturn led to increased levelsoffuel load in the wildland urban interface Ofthe

837 wildfires 45 were larger than10 acres in size listed in Table 2 Four of the five largest wildfires since2000 have ail occurred in theKawaihau district Thelargest wildfire wasa 640-acre blazein2003in Kealia The second and third largest wildfires both occurredinWailuaa 2005 fire burned 500 acresanda2007 blaze burned 300 acres 2005 also saw the fourth largest wildfire break outin Anaholaand burn 270 acres The fifth largest wildfire burned 200 acres in Hanamaulu in 2006Areview of

the frequency of wildfires shows that Kawaihau and Lihue districts also have themost numberof wildfiresFigure 7 shows wildfires per town forthe last eight years Lihue townhas the highest number ofwildfires-91 since 2000 Anaholacame insecond with89 wildfires while nearby 77


June 2009

Wailua had 83 fires The remaining top 5 towns Waimea and Kapaa are closely matched Waimeahad 69 wildfires while Kapaa had 68 fires Koloa had asurprisingly large number of wildfires 56 Themost frequent cause of the largest wildfires is other cause or undetermined

Lihue Anahola Wailua Waimea Kapaa and Koloa are all townssurrounded by large tracts of openlands Maps depicting the ignition component of fuels and the spread component of these fuels can befound in Appendix A

Figure Map illustrating wildfires on Kauaifrom 2003 to 2008andfirestation locations Map courtesy of Kauai

ii County GIS

1R


Table 2 Wildfires Larger than 10 acres on Kauai 2000-2008Itemsin bold represent wildfires larger than 200 acres insize DateCity Fire Cause Acreage burned1

3 1900Kokee Undetermined 10 25 700Kealia Incendiary 12 36 1000Kilauea Other Cause10 4

8 600Koloa Undetermined 40 5

8 800Puhi Debris vegetation burning 10 69 300Puhi Undetermined 10 79 2600Kealia Equipment 60 85 1101Koloa Smokin 12 95 1401Moloaa Undetermined 10 10

6 2301Anahola Other Cause 40 119 301Kealia Other Cause 100 12

11 2501Kealia Other Cause 105 1310 1402Koloa Debris vegetation burning20 141 1703Lihue Debris ve etation burnin 10 153 503Waimea Open outdoorfire10 165 2603Poi u Undetermined 12 17

7M9 03Kealia Other Cause 640 18

8 1903Lihue Incendia 10 19

9 903Mana Equipment 40 202 1404Anahola Incendiary 10 217 204Kokee Incendia 20 227 804Anahola Other Cause 20 23

7 2004Anahola Undetermined 10 247 2504Anahola Undetermined 30 256 305Niumalu Undetermined 50 266 15105Waimea Undetermined 80 276 1505Anahola Misuse offire 270 287 705Princeville Undetermined 10 29

8 2105Wailua Undetermined 500 30

1 306Hanamaulu Undetermined 200 31

1 506Lihue Undetermined 50 327 1806Poipu Undetermined 15 33

3 3107Wainiha Other Cause30 346 2007Wailua Undetermined 40 356 3007Wailua Undetermined 300 36

7 507Hanamaulu Undetermined 80 377 507Kapa aUndetermined 30 387 807Puhi Undetermined 30 397 907Lihue Undetermined 10 40

7 1707Pakala Debris ve etation burnin 30 41

7 26p7Niumalu Undetermined 75 429 507Hana e e O en outdoorfire10 43

9 1207Hanamaulu Other Cause 10 44

9 1207Lihue Undetermined 10 45

10 1507Poipu Undetermined 200 19

KauaiCommunity Wildfire Protection Pian

June 2009

Table 3 Wildfires per town 2000-2008Town2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total Anahola4 16 6 7 19 8 14 8 7 g Anini0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 Eleele2 1 3 5 0 1 2 2 1 17 Haena1 1 3 1 0 2 3 1 2 14 Hanalei1 1 3 1 1 0 3 5 1 16 Hanamaulu3 4 2 6 2 3 4 5 5 34 Hanae e 4 3 3 3 1 6 6 7 4 37 Hanapepe

Heihts 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 Huleia

Valle0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 Kalaheo7 8 6 3 7 11 3 5 3 53 Kalihiwai1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 Kapaa

3 8 6 6 8 11 8 9 9 6 Kaahi 1 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 8 Kaaia 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 5 0 13 KauaiCount0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Kaumakani1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 8 Kawelo0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kealia8 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 24 Kekaha0 3 3 6 5 4 8 6 1 38 Kilauea7 4 3 4 1 2 3 0 3 27 Kiu 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 Kokee2 1 1 3 1 2 1 5 5 21 Koooa

19 7 6 4 1 7 1 7 4 56 Koolau0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lawai

1 2 4 0 0 1 0 4 0 12 Lihue14 10 6 11 4 10 10 21 5 gi Lumahai2 0 5 2 1 0 1 6 0 17 MakaweliMakaweliValle0

2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Mana

0 0 0 4 0 1 1 1 1 8 Moloaa1 1 1 2 0 1 3 1 2 12 NaPali Coast0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Nawiliwili2 1 1 0 2 3 1 4 3 17 Niumalu0 0 0 3 3 3 3 4 2 18 Numila2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 Omao5 4 3 2 0 1 0 2 1 18 Pakala0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 4 Poi

u 4 3 4 10 2 0 4 10 1 36 Polihale

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Port

AIIen0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Princeville

2 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 9 Puhi7 1 5 4 2 2 0 7 1 29 Wa11ua5 11 9 13 2 10 8 12 13 Waimea

5 7 3 5 7 12 5 8 17 gg Wainiha0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 5 Waiouli 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 TOTALS

121 109 96 116 72 113 100 156 100 983 n

KauaiCommunity WildfireProtection PlanJune 2009

DOFAW maintains separate wildfire data and theirwildfire totals vary from those kept by KFD because

they only respond to wildfireson state land Wildfires responded to by both agencies may be counted ineach agencysrespective statistics

According to DOFAW data their personnel have responded to 19 wildfires since 2000 Of those 11wildfires were larger than ahalf-acrein size and8 fires were smaller than aquarter-acre Thetwo largest wildfires

wereboth in Kalepa a 310-acre blazein2005 and a 220-acre fire in 2007A2003 wildfire burned 50 acresin Kekaha Table4lists wildfires reported by DOFAW since 2000 with thethree largest fires inbold Table4 also shows the response zone refer toFigure5Nine fires occurred in

Kokee State Park Puu Ka Pele Forest Reserve had5 fires3occurred in Kalepa and one each inthe NaPali Forest Reserve and Kekaha Although fire cause is

not included in DOFAW fire reports they do record the type of fuel burned The most commonly burned fuelsarekoa eucalyptus and haole koa Guinea and molasses grass Java plumsilkoak pinetrees and waiawi were other vegetation types that burned during fires Figure8 illustrates the locations ofwildfires responded toby DOFAW staff Table 4 Kauai wildfires

from 2000-2008 aerDOFAWDate LocationAcreage burned Responsezone reen inkor white1

8 1-3107 Kaialau ValleyNa PaliForestReserve 1green 2724-26

07Puu Ka

Pele ForestReserve1ink 3630-7307 Kale a220 NA454-08 07 Kale a 12NA 52007KokeeState Park - Makai HunterCheokStation 1 pink82007 Kokee State

Park PolihaleRidge Rd

1 pink 72007 Kokee StatePark-

Halemanu Rd

25 pink 8810-11 06Puu

Ka Pele

Forest Reserve-PuaLua Reservoir 2pink9821-26 05Kale

a Forest

Reserve 310whitereen10 9115-18 05 Kokee State Park -Kukui

Trail 1ink11 38-904 Kokee State Park -Fa aRd1ink 1299-10 03 Niu Ridge Kekaha GameMana ementArea50white 13830-71

03 Kokee StatePark 50

ace reen1462503 Kokee State Park 20 acre reen15 321-2303 Makaha Ridge Puu Ka Pele Forest

Reserve 2green188117-19 02Kokee State Park 5reen 17

10 21-23

01 PuuKaPele Forest Reserve 1 reen 18

3 19-4400Makaha Puu Ka Pele Forest reserve 5 green19 31300KokeeState Park1ink 21


June 2009

Figure 8 Map illustrating the location ofwildfires responded to by DOFAW staff Map courtesy of DOFAW

As the charts above illustrated Lihue Anahola KapaaWailua Waimea and Koloa have the highestwildfire occurrences on Kauai These wildfires have threatened homes and residents closed majorhighways to traffic and strained fire response agencies resources Although the official cause ofthe

majority of wildfires is undetermined anecdotal evidence suggest that the majority of wildfires are

human-causedHuman-caused

firesare particularly troublesome because theycanbe prevented Kauai fire officials described anevent in the late 1990s during which witnesses ona boat at sea sawasuspect set firesinKokee atnight The witnesses saw headlights coming down the mountain saw thevehicle stop and77


June 2009

shortly thereafter afire wasobserved The car travelled down the mountain stopping periodically andat every stop flames erupted They quickly contacted the authorities however the suspect reached themain highway and fled before he could be apprehended

Because the wildfires were spotted quickly they were extinguished before they could grow out ofcontrol Given the fate hour and remote location these remote area fires could have spread quickly withserious consequences

In 2008 a lost hikerset asignal fire along the fence line of a native plantenclosure The hiker was

rescued by helicopter but not before several species of plants were burned The fire burned five acres

Arson and human-causedwildfiresare alsoa concern in Anahola because on several occasions they havecome dangerously closeto homesIn 2001 there were three wildfires in Anahola greater than40 acresin size ail juvenile arson related The juveniles responsible forsetting the wildfires were eventually

apprehendedbythe police A

September 2001 fire in Anahola which started in an abandoned vehicleon Kealia Road burned 100 acresSoon after in November 2001 another wildfire scorched 105 acres in Anahola threatening severalhomes Above

left and rightA June 15 2005 wildfire burned270 acres and came dangerously closeto homesin Anahola Photo credit Kauai Fire DepartmentI

Large

wildfires arean issue because they take fire department resources away from other parts of the islandAccording to fire officialsat one point during the suppressionof the November 2001 Anahola firethere werenofirefightersat KapaaKoloa Kalaheo and Waimea firestations When

several engine companiesare taken out of their home districts to suppress fires in Anahola largeareasofthe island are left without adequateortimely fire rescue and emergency medical protectionBattalion Chief Bob Kaden said in media reports on the fire The Garden Island NewspaperNovember 27 2001 Fire

resources andpersonnel were strainedyet again on June 15 2005 when wildfires eruptedat opposite

endsofthe island within hours ofeach otherA

blaze broke out around noon onJune 15 2005 off of Waimea Canyon Road burning 80 acres Afew hourslater another wildfirestarted in Anahola TheAnahola fire which burned 270 acres came closeto

several homes Media reports describedtallguinea grassin close proximity to many homes in the Anaholaarea


On January 5 2006 three wildfires were intentionally set by youth within atwo-hourperiod in the early morninghours inAnahola and burned approximately3 acres Accordingto press reports the blaze camewithin 100 feet of several homes On

the same day a 50-acre wildfireoff Ahukini Road near the Lihue airport threatened 300rental cars in aninventory overtlow lotFortunately fire department personnel wereabletoknock down the blaze before itreached the rental cars and the gasoline staredinthe gas tanks Tall guinea grass reportedly surrounded theparking area Above left

AnAugust 2005 wildfire inWailua burned 500 acres The cause ofthe blaze the second largest onthe island in the past 10 years was undetermined Firesofthis magnitude strain resources and personnel across

the island Photo credit Kauai Fire Department Above rightHelicopter suppressionofan Anahola wildfire Photocredit Roland Licona DHHL While fire

crews were dealing with the Anahola and Ahukini Road wildfires another blaze brokeout in Hanamaulu undertheKapule Highway Bridge Although this fire was small in size-fire report datalistit under anacre in size-the additional strain onfiredepartment resources and personnelwasaburden On June 30

2007

four fires occurred inone dayin Hanapepe Hanalei Lihue and Wailua While thewildfires in Hanapepe Lihueand Hanalei were small an acreor smaller the Wailua fire burned 300 acres in justafew hours According to press reports this fire was less thana mile froma wildfire that had burned 40acresthe preceding week Wildfires in the Wailua

area are ofspecial concern because they canshut down Kuhio Highway known as the Wailua Corridorthe main roadway connecting the west andeast sides ofthe island Kapa a is the largestresidential townon the islandwith commercial and residential traffic dependent ontraveling between Lihue and KapaaWhen the WailuaCorridor

isclosed totraffic due to wildfire ashas happened several times inthepastithas a tremendousimpact on residents and tourists alike When wildfires cause the closureofKuhio Highway itdisrupts thetransportation ofgoodsand services around the island prevents residents from travelingtoandfrom

work and prevents visitors from reaching their departing flightsat theairport Perhaps most importantly KuhioHighway closures can prevent people from reaching the emergency roomof the islandslargest medical facilityWilcox Memorial Hospitalin Lihue Another wildfire concern on

Kauai istheillegal dumping of trash andcars particularly in Anahola A


June 2009

Abandoned vehicles can still contain gasoline and flammable liquids and compounds in the vehicleframe upholstery and tires can become toxic when burned During a2004 wildfire hazard assessmentof Anahola Kauai Fire Department personnel estimated there may be over 100 abandoned vehicles inthe open fields surrounding Anahola When driving the perimeter of the open fields these vehicles are

hard tosee in the dense overgrown brush thus posing a hidden danger Removing the cars isproblematic because they are considered hazardous materials and require Environmental ProtectionAgency EPA oversight According to DHHL personnel during aJuly 2004 wildfire in Anahola severalabandoned cars caught fire and explosions could be heard when the car tires exploded

Above left and right abandoned cars discovered after a wildfire in Anahola The vehicles pose a

serious threat to fire crews battling blazes Photo credit Roland Licona DHHL

Dumped trash can also pose problems when wildfires break out The trash itself can contain ahost ofunknown hazards including chemical andor biological matter that can impact the health of respondingfire crews and area residents The sheer physical size andor location of the trash is also aconcern as

it has hindered firefighters from responding to at least one fireDuring an April 2005 wildfire near the Anahola Kahala Point Goast Guard light beacon responding firecrews needed to move household appliances from the access road in order for apparatus to reach thefire One apparatus suffered a flat tire responding to the fire The combination of large quantities ofabandoned vehicles and illegally dumped trash plus large amounts of overgrown brush and ahigh rateof fire occurrence make Anahola especially vulnerable when wildfires erupt

Above left Discarded rubbish is an issue in Anahola where it has hindered firefighters ability to reach

wildfires Above right Discarded rubbish and appliances litter a fire scene at a June 20 2001 firePhoto credit Roland Licona DHHL

25


StakeholdersStakeholders are individuals or groups who have ahigh level of interest in the protection of their assetsfrom wildfire In addition to community members and federal state and county fire response agenciesmajor landowners have an interest in reducing the wildfire risk on Kauai Contact information for

principal stakeholders is listed below

FederalUS Fish Wildlife ServiceShannon Smith Refuge ManagerKauai National Wildlife Refuge ComplexPO Box 1128 Kilauea HI 96754808 828-1413Shannonsmith@fwsgovU

SNavy Pacific Missile Range Facility PMRF BarkingSands Fire Department RobertCecconi Fire Chief POBox 399 Kekaha HI 96752 808335-4867 robertcecconi@navy miIStateDepartment

of

Landand Natural Resources DivisionofForestry and Wildlife Wayne ChingState Protection Forester 1151 PunchbowlSt Rm325 Honolulu HI 96813 808 587-4173

WayneFChing@hawaiigovDepartmentofHawaiian

Home Lands Roland Licona KauaiDistrict Supervisor 3060 EiwaStRm 203 Lihue HI 96766 808 274-3132 Rolande licona@hawaiigovCountyKauaiCountyFire

DepartmentRobert Westerman Fire Chief3083 Akahi St LihueHI 96766 808 241-4982 resterman @

kauai govKauaiCounty Civil DefenseAgency

Mark Marshall Administrator 3990KaanaSt100LihueHI 96766 808 241-1800 mmarshall@kauai gov7h


June 2009

Kauai Planning DepartmentBryan Mamaclay Planner4444 Rice St Rm 473 Lihue HI 96766

808 241-6677bmamaciay@kauai

govCommunity

GroveFarm Kauai MikeTresler Senior Vice President 3-1850KaumualiiHighway Lihue HI 96766-7069 808 245-3678mtresler@grovefarmcom KauaiCoffeeGregWilliams

POBox 530KalaheoHI 96741 808 335-0052 gwilliams @kauaicoffee comGarden

IsleRCDLaurie

HoCoordinator GardenIsleResource Conservation andDevelopment Council RCD3083 AkahiSt204LihueHI 96766 808 246-0091 Laurie Ho@hi usdagovForestryManagementConsultants-Hawaii StephenESmith

POBox351

Lawai HI 96765-0351808332-5200 forestry@hawaiiantel net Hui O LakaKokeeNatural HistoryMuseumMarshaErickson

Michelle Hoohano POBox100KekahaHI 96752808 335-9975

Kokeemu seu m @ earth inknetKokeeState Park Advisory Council CanenHookano Chair ku

nahau@msn com kokeeadvisory@gmail comwwwkokeeadvi soryorgBillCowernPOBox649

LawaiHI96765 treefarm

@halekua com77

Iauai Community Wildfire Protection Plan

June 2009

Base Map of KauaiFigure 9 shows a base map for the island of Kauai Towns major highways and major tourist

destination areas such as the Poipu resort area and the Coconut Coast near Kapaa are shown Stateparks and forest reserves are illustrated in shades of pink and red

Figure 9Base map of Kauai showing thelocations of towns forest reserves and highways Map credit frommerscom

7R


Fire Risk Assessment for KauaiA wildfire hazard assessment was conducted to identify the level of wildfire risk for communities onKauai The Hawaii Wildland Fire Risk and Hazard Severity Assessment was used for this CWPP whichis based on the Assessment in Appendix A of NFPA 1144 Standard forProtection ofLife and Propertyfrom Wildland Fire

Using apre-establishedpointsystem the Hawaii Wildland FireRisk and Hazard Severity Assessmentisa tool used to determine thelevel ofwildfire risktoa home or community Points are given regarding overallterrain and location road width local area fire history prevailing winds and seasonal weather geographicalcontours native vegetation water availability locationoffire suppression resources aswellas the combustibilityof building materials including the roof siding and attached items such as decks

fencingoran unit The combined points inall these categoriesareadded together and theoverallriskisdetermined by whether thescore falls in the low- medium- high- or extreme-risk pointrange Giventhe ignitability of individual structures preponderanceofopen tracts of land full of overgrown firefuels in dose proximity tostructures and communities lackofwater in reservoirs and high rateof human-caused fires thecommunities on Kauai scored in the high-hazard range inthewildfire hazard assessment Figure10Kauai DOFAW

staff created theabove map illustrating communities atriskfrom wildfires based onthe2001 Federal Register Urban iMldlandlnferface Communities tNrthin theVicinityofFederal Lands That AreatHigh Risk From ldfire Volume66Number160MapcourtesyofDOFAW 79


While the island as awhole shares certain common characteristics the communities within it varytremendously and deseve separate description in terms of slope size and water availablity Figure 10illustrates the communities at risk from wildfires around Kauai The island is broken down by districtwith descriptions provided below

Common characteristics around the islandWith the exception of the higher elevations such as Kokee which are cooler mostof Kauaiexperiences year round warm weather with temperatures ranging from the mid-60stohigh-80s Relativehumidityisusually above 50percent year round Rainfall tends tobe evenly spread out throughout the

year with the least amount of rainfall occurring in the summer monthsIn2008

Kauai experienced lower than normal rainfall MtWai ale alereceivedonly352 inches of rain 83ofits normal level Reduced rainfalls result in ahigher-than-normal riskofwildfiresespecially in the drysummer monthsStreets are paved and

more than 20 feet wide see Infrastructure With the exception of extremely rural and remote areas suchas Kokee roads are well marked with metal refiectorized signs Four percentofthe

islands land classified asurban has been developed although there isgrowthinnon-urban lands Kauai sComprehensiveZoning Ordinance stipulatesthatnobuilding canbe taller than55 feet4 storiesMinimum setbacks to properly lines are generally allowed for residential construction The Comprehensive Zoning Ordinancerequiresa setbackof10 feet from the front ofaproperty 5 feet or one-half

the wall height from thesideand 10 feet from the rear While there isno one housing

standard for the entire island theolder plantation towns around Kauai Kalaheo Koloa Kekaha KapaaHanamauluLawai and Waimea tonamea few tend toshare similar characteristics The neighborhoods have homesonsmalllots10 000-12 000 square feet Housestendtobesinglestory withmetal or other ClassAtype roofing and combustible siding have small louvered windows and areof postand pierorconcrete construction Driveways are short less than100feetand paved with littleor no turn around space for fire apparatus Driveways are usually 10-12 feet wide with15 feet verticalclearanceOrnamental vegetation around yards is well established and themaintenanceofsuch vegetation varies greatlydepending on thehomeowner Utilities areabove groundinolder neighborhoodsfirehydrants tend

tobe

1 000feet apartorhave a standpipe connectedtoa3-inch pipeline Agriculturally zoned subdivisions are also allowedtohave standpipes However new subdivisions are required tohave one fire hydrant

every 300 feet with an 8-inch line perKauai Department ofWater Supply standardsIt is important tonote that in recent years

the reservoirs around Kauai have been allowed torun dry inMarch 2006 the Kaloko Daman earthen dam nearKilauea breached and the resulting mudflow destroyed homes closed thehighway and severely impactedtheisland asawhole Seven fatalities also occurred State and federal agencies conducted assessmentsofall dams and reservoirs on Kauaiafter the Kaloko dam break Some reservoir owners voluntarilydrained their reservoirs while others were allowedtorundryWhile damsafety isanimportant issue officials would be wise to address the consequences of allowing these dams to remain dryn


Hanalei DistrictHanalei district on Kauaisnorth shore encompasses the towns of

Hanalei Princeville Wainiha Kilauea Moloaaand Haena and

small neighborhoods in between

Cultural natural and historical resources in this district include theKilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and Lighthouse Na Pali

Coast Kalalau Trail Makana Peak Manininiholo Dry CaveWaikanaaloa and Waikapalae Wet Caves and the Waioli Mission

House

The district is home to Kula High and Intermediate school three

elementary schools one middle school and smaller private schools

The Robinson Family Kamehameha Schools Alexander Baldwin Department of Hawaiian HomeLands and Princeville Corporation are some of the larger landholders in the district

There is one fire station in the district adjacent to the Princeville Shopping Center Nearby is Princeville

airport that serves as ahub for helicopter tourcompanies There is a steep drop in elevation betweenPrinceville and Hanalei town Aone-lanebridge across Hanalei Riveratthe bottom ofthis ridge is the onlymeans ofaccesstoHanalei and Ha enaThere

are gently rolling hills in the area surroundedby steep mountain ridgesThe land slopes from the mountainstothe ocean Normal trade winds blow from the east-northeast averaging5-15 mph Kuhio Highway

atwo-lane paved majorhighway maintained bytheState Department of Transportationisthe

only major road connecting Kauaisnorth northeastshore with therest ofthe island Kuhio Highwaydead-ends atKeeBeachat thebase of the Na Pali coastline Residential and commercial development tends tobeon the makai ocean side ofthe highway with smaller amountsof residential and agricultural

development on the mauka mountain side of thehighway Along the coastal areas

of Hanalei Princeville and Anini lotsizes are small usually less than an acre Residential areas mauka ofthe highway tend tobe larger in size There are several horse ranches and public riding stables inthe district and some property owners have livestock including horses sheep andlor goats There are

several active commercial agricultural operations in thedistrictwhich are well irrigated However agreat dealof former agriculturallands are being developed with large up-scale homes that donot practice any agriculture High-end residential development around

theluxury resortsinPrinceville is insharp contrasttothe more modest homes found in surrounding townsAsofJune2009 real estate listings for single family homes inthe Hanaleidistrict range from 400 000-20 000 000Vacationhomerentalsareprevalent in thearea especially in Hanalei Princeville

and Anini Although there isa

strong anti-development sentiment in theHanaleidistrictin recent years several subdivisions have beenbuiltonformer agricultural land These newer subdivisions tend tohave house37


lots larger than an acre often 5 -10 acres with well-maintainedlandscaping Driveways aretypically pavedat least 12 feet wide withl5 feet vertical clearance are often more than300 feet long and are usually

gated The majorityof homes have Class A non-combustible roofingandwood siding Roads are

paved and greater than 20 feet in width There are several subdivisions in the district Princeville Aglots Seawind Farms inMoloa a KilaueaAg subdivision and others that hasonly one means ofegress and ingress Utilities are aboveground inolder neighborhoods and underground in newer onesSide streets in the district are paved and marked with metal reflectorized signs Additional development

isplanned for Hanalei district Princeville Corporationsmasterplancalls for conservation andresidential development forthe hundreds of acres of undeveloped landitowns on thenorth shoreHowever this residential development is low-density and requiresresidents toutilize cattle grazing asameans offuel reduction in Hanalei they plan to expand the taro field There isalsoa plan to dedicate 8-12 acres as a wetland preserve The main plan

also calls for an agricultural subdivision eastofthe highway between the existing gates of Princeville andAnini Vista past the Prince Clubhouse and SpaThis latest subdivision will have17lots ranging from10-30 acres each Lotowners willbe required todevote one-half to one-third oftheirland to cattlegrazing Kawaihau DistrictThe Kawaihau district comprises

the townsofKealia Waiopouli Wailua Anahola and KapaaNaturaland cultural resources includeNounou Mountain ridge commonly called SleepingGiant Opaekaa Falls Keahua Forestry Arboretum theFernGrotto and WailuaFalls As the only navigable river inHawaii Wailua Riverisa popular kayaking location for tourists and localsalike And asone of thefirst areas on Kauai inhabited by migratingPolynesians thousands of years ago theWailuaRiverValley isrich in archeological sites as well Schools in the Kawaihau district include

Kapa a Educational Complex Kapaa HighIntermediate and ElementarySchoolsKamehameha School campus and private schools DowntownKapaaShops onthe

makai sideofthe street areafew hundred There is one fire station in

the district in Kapaa The largestlandowner by farin

this areaisthe State of

Hawaii Cornerstone Hawaii Grove Farm Bette Midler

andthe Departmentof Hawaiian Home Lands arealso large landowners feetofthe ocean Behind the

businesses on the mauka sideofthestreet are There are gently roiling hills in the large empty fields filled with overgrownbrush area Surrounded by Steeptd ThIdI

from the mountains to the oceanmoun amrlges aan

sopes There are large open fields ofovergrown brush inWailua and KapaaView of coastline in Kapaa

which is often refereed toas theCoconut Coast


In several areas this brush continues up hillsides to homes The brush also comes close to theroadsides Normal trade winds blow from the east-northeastaveraging5 -15 mph Kuhio

Highway atwo-lane pavedmajor highway maintainedbythe State Department of Transportation isthe only major road connecting Kauaiseastshore with therest of the island A section ofthe highway is three lanes wide in front of the prison and golf course Commercial development tendstobe along the highway with residential and agricultural development onthe mauka mountainsideand inland of the highway Overgrown grass

andkiawe along the mauka sideofthe Wailua Corridor between WailuaandLihue On the

makai side of the Wailua Corridor therearehotels andagolf course while themauka side isvast openfields ofovergrown brush The islands onlyprison isdirectly across from thegolf course on themauka

sideofthe highway Surrounded byfields of brush the prison has come close toevacuating inmates duringprevious wildfires DHHLmanages

5000 acresof land in Anahola 3000ofwhich are used for grazing They also manage the71-acre Pi ilaniMaiKeKai subdivision which contains 172 houses with lots averaging 10 000 squarefeetblouses within Pi ilaniMai KeKai are typically single story withClass Aroofing and combustible siding Drivewaysareshort -less than 100 feet and unpaved Several homes arewithin 30 feetofovergrown brush Slope inAnahola averages 0-20 percent and theaverage annual rainfall is45inches During the summer the community receives about2inches of raina month According to

DHHL officialsa500 000-gallon watertankwasbuilt in Anahola in1999 There is alsoa150 000-gallon tank whichisinterconnected toasecond500 000-gallon gravity-fed water tankinthefarmarea that canbe used only in the event ofan emergency 3


dumping of trash and green waste as clearing defensible space around structures Some progress was

made however agreat deal morework needs to be done

In 2004 Anahola once again experienced more wildfires when 19 fires occurred As a result KFD staffcalled DHHL regarding the levels of thick brush surrounding the community In response DHHL appliedfor and received a50000 FEMA grant to mow and maintain fuel breaks around the community DHHLis currently in the process of implementing that grant

DHHL also owns 400 acres in Wailua on the mauka side of the highway which isslated for

development Plans call for 700 homestead lots for native Hawaiians a school community centerparks and infrastructure improvements DHHL plans for commercial development on the makai side ofthe highway are currently on hold

There are several small-scalefarming and livestock operationsin the district While

homes in this district are generally builton flat land the communties themselvesare built in and atopriver valleysand foothills with steep ridges Homes in subdivisionsatthe top of valleys such as Wailua

Riverview Estates andKapa aHeights tendto be entirely owner-occupied Roadsarepaved with metalroad signs While the occasional wood shake roof is seen the majority of houses have ClassA roofingwith wood siding Several homes are madeof concrete block Almost all driveways are paved and lessthan 100 feet long with no turn around space for fire apparatus Asof June 2009 real estate listings for

single family homes intheKawaihau district range from 375 000to2 500 000LeftView

ofhomes on Kawaihau Road inKawaihau adjacenttoKapa aOpenfield ofovergrown brush laymauka ofdowntown KapaaThebrush grows upthehillsides tothehomes Center and rightView ofWailua Valley homes Some homeshave large amounts of vegetation around them whileother lot owners conduct small-scale grazingHousesvaryin

levelof defensible space However those homes closest toundeveloped areas have kiawe and overgrowngrasses growing inclose proximity There are several

resorts and hotels in Kapa a This sideof the island is often called the Coconut Coast Condominiums andvacation rentals are prevalent along thecoastIn recent years development has focusedoncatering to the tourism industry with the building of time-shares condominiums and vacationhomes Another proposeddevelopment for

thedistrictisthe2 021-acre Kealanani Project northoftheKealia River and mauka ofthehighway Plans callfor 190 agricultural lots ranging from 3 -100 acres One hundred low-income house and lotpackages willbedeveloped at a later date Lots will have separate domestic and agricultural water systems withdomestic water coming from onsite wellsand agricultural water coming from old sugar irrigationsystem Unlike other recent upscale development on agricultural land Kealanani developersaremandating thatproperly ownersuse their landfor agricultural purposes 34


Tea and cacao are the main crops to be grown in these lots although property owners can choosealternate crops if they wish

Lihue DistrictEncompassing the towns of Lihue Hanamaulu Puhi and Nawiliwili Lihue District is home to theislands governmental and commercial seat Lihue district is also home to several natural and culturalresources including the Grove Farm Homestead Museum Huieia National Wildlife Refuge theMenehune Fishpond Nawiliwili Harbor and Lydgate State Park

Schools in the area include the main campus of Kauai Community College in Puhi Kauai High Schooland Intermediate School a middle school two elementary schools and several private schoolsKauaisonly hospital main shipping port and airport are all in Lihue There is one fire station for thedistrict in central Lihue

Major landowners include Grove Farm Visionary LLC and WHRice

There are gently rolling hills in the area surrounded by steep mountain ridges and river valleys Theland slopes from the mountains to the ocean There are large open fields of overgrown brush inHanamaulu and Kapaia In several areas this brush continues up hillsides to homes The brush alsocomes close to the roadsides Normal trade winds blow from the east-northeastaveraging5 -15 mph Averageannual rainfallin district varies from 49 inches in Hanamaulu to58 inches in Puhi In

Lihue Kiahio Highway connects with Kapule Highway and KaumualiIHighwayIn Hanamaulu Kuhio Highwayveersmauka and runs inlandto upper Lihue while Kapule Highway runs parallel with the coast closertoshore and airport Kaipule Highways runsalittle over four miles and changesto Nawiliwili Roadin Nawiliwili Kuhio Highwayisthe main road through downtown Lihue and changes to KaumualiiHighwayat Rice Street Left

Aball fieldin a Hanamaulu neighborhoodThe ballparkis surroundedby dense overgrown kiaweThe talltreesare thevegetation separating the ball field from neighborhood houses Center thehouse next to the ball fieldI

Althoughthe lot is small there is a great deal ofovergrown vegetation between thehouse andthe ballpark RightIdeadend street onWailua sideofHanamaulu Overgrown grassesandkiawe borders theneighborhood Commercial

development tendstobe along the highways with residential and agricultural developmentonthe mauka mountain side and inland ofthe highway Unlike

theresort townsofPoipu Princeville and Kapa athe majority of homes are owner-occupied althoughsomeinNawiliwili are used as vacation rentals AsofJune 2009 real estate listings forsingle family homesinthe Lihue district range from 343 000-768 000i5


June 2009

Subdivisions are built on or next to former agricultural lands Homes in Lihue Town Tract Camp Lihueand Hanamaulu Homes Hanamaulu are typical district subdivisions in that houses are single or doublestory built on10000-12000square-footlotsItscommonfor house lotstobe separated by concrete ormetal fences

Driveways are short usually less than 50 feet and paved with 15-foot vertical clearanceInHanamaulu theside streets tend tobenarrow with cars parking along both sidesof the street On the Wailua side ofHanamaulu Homes the side streets dead end withno turn around space for fireapparatus These deadend streets have dense overgrown brush within30 feet of homes at the end of the street SimilarlyLihue Town Tract Camp has vast open fallow fields around the subdivision Homes vary between

post and pier and concrete slab construction Some homes havewood siding while others aremadeof concrete block Almost all the homes have Class Aroofing Homes vary in levels of defensiblespace HomesinPuhi

such as Hokulei Estates are similartothose described above while homes on rural streets such asthose near the Menehune Fishpond andin Niumalu are largerin size with larger lots Puakea Golf Course

surrounds mostofthePuakea subdivision in Lihue developed by Grove Farmalthough there aresomeparts where overgrown grasses andbrushcome within 100 feetof homes Beyond the golfcourse is acresofopen fields Because Puakea isanew subdivision the vegetation on individual lots is

notyet fully grown inRoads are paved

and greater than 20 feetin width Utilities are aboveground in older neighborhoods and undergroundinnewer ones Side streets in the district are paved and marked with metal reflectorized signs KoloaKoloa District

onKauaissouth shoreincludes the townsofOmao Kalaheo Lawai

Koloa and Poipu Koloa is the oldest sugar plantation townin the state while nearby Poipusbeaches andresortsmake itoneof the top tourist destinations on KauaiTheSpouting Horn in nearby Lawai as wellas the renowned National TropicalBotanical Gardens arejust some ofthe natural andcultural resources in the area The area includes

Kalaheo School and two private schools The districtisserved byfire stations in Poipu and Kalaheo Alexander Baldwin and

Grove Farm aretwo of the largest landowners inthedistrict The area surrounding

Koloa andPoipu ismostly flat with slope ranging from 0-10percent while Kalaheoand Lawai tendtobe steeper with slope rangingupwardsof20 percent Koloa averages about 65 inchesofrain annually whilePoipu receives an averageof44inches Normal

trade winds blow from the east-northeast averaging5-15 mphF


June 2009

Poipu and Koloa are accessible by two roads off of KaumualiiHighway Maluhia Road and KoloaRoad The tree tunnel awell-knownlandmark on Kauai runs along the first mile of Maluhia Road from theHighway Both Maluhia Road and Koloa Road are two-lane pavedmajor streets Therearea couple ranches andvast fallow cane fields along Maluhia Road Someof the former cane lands are slated for development suchas the proposed Poipu Aina Estates that are planned within sightof the Poipu sugar mill Thereis

ranching and residential development along KoloaRoad Some lots along Koloa Road are 10-12000 squarefeetwhile others are much larger Commercial

development is

centralizedindowntown Koloa and

a few shopping centers inPoipu Because Koloa

is

oneofthe oldest towns on the island it datesback to 1835 houses tend tobe small single-story andclose togetherLike other plantation towns itiscommon for houses tobeseparated byconcrete or metal fences Above Fallow cane gelds are being developed into Driveways areshort usually

less than 50 feet upscale housing developments in Kofoa and Poipu From Maluhia Roada realtorsflag can beseen waving in the and paved With 15-f00t

vertical Clearance foreground topromote sales in Poipu Aina Estateswith Homes vary between postand

pier and concrete the defunct sugar millin the background slabconstruction Some homes havewood sidingwhile others aremade

of concrete block Almost all the homes have Class A roofing Homes varyin levelsof defensible spacealthough many homes seenduring the wildfire hazard assessment had vegetation growing nexttooractuallyup onthe house Asof June 2009 real estate listings for single family homes inthe Koloadistrict range from 685 000-1700 000with thehigherend homes found inPoipu Above leftand center

Built in 1835old Koloa town contains retail shopsapost office churches and acommunity center Right A newsubdivision Koloa Creekside Estatesisbeing builtafew hundred feet down thestreet from thered wood building featuredin theleftandcenter pictures Homes inKoloa Lawai

and Kalaheo have above ground utilities hydrants and setbacks Newer homes in Poipu haveunderground utilities Road signageismetal and reflectorized however house numbers varyin sizeand color More recently homes have

been built further away from historic Koloa center These homes areonslightly larger lots and

tend to be larger in size and often two stories in height The immediate area 37

Kauai Community WildfireProtection PlanJune 2009

around the home may be cleared but they often have overgrown fields filled with kiawe and brush within50-100feetof the house Above

left Homes onthe outskirtsofhistoric Koloa center These newer homes have defensible space within30feet ofthe house but are surroundedbyopen fieldsofovergrown brush Center and right The samehouse as seen from the front and side The front entrance adsides have 30feet ofdefensible space butbeyond that there isthick overgrown grasses and kiawe trees Condominiums

time-shares andvacation rental homes are the predominant housinginPoipu Lot sizes becomesmallerasyou get closer to the ocean Since most properties arevacation rentals they tend tobemaintained by landscaping servicessovegetation rarely becomes overgrown Neighborhoods in

Lawai and Kalaheo alongKoloa Road and thehighway more closely resemble

the plantation townsof Hanamaulu andWailua than the resortarea ofPoipu However homesalong thecoastline inPoipu and parts of Lawaitend tobe upscale vacation rentalsitwas Above left

Former sugar cane fields around Poipuare slated for development andobserved during the ground breakinghasalready occurredin several subdivisions Aboverightwldland hazard aSSOSSment subdivisioninKalaheo built mauka ofthe highway that the

majority of these vacation rentalshomes have wood shake roofs Although directlyontheocean these homes are across the

street from open fields of overgrown grasses While these woodshake roofs posea threat duetothe overgrown grasses this area Kukuiula isslated for development and groundbreaking isevident Itisanticipated that when Kukuiula is developed the lackof fuel load will reduce the firerisk of the woodshake roofs A substantial

amountofdevelopment isplanned for the Koloa district primarily inPoipu Although the current yearround population ofPoipu is1 000 peoplemore than4000 residentialunits are proposed for former

agricultural lands Plans call for resorts time-shares condominiums andsingle-family residences 3R


June 2009

Waimea DistrictThe Waimea District covers the west side of Kauaiincluding the towns of Kekaha Port Alien WaimeaKokee Hanapepe and Eleele These communities are

primarily agricultural although tourism alsocontributes to

the local economy

One of Kauaismost well known and most-visitedsites-Waimea Canyon also known as the Grand Canyon of the

Pacific is on the west side Additional cultural historicaland natural resources include Kokee State Park and thebreathtaking Kalalau Lookout Russian Fort ElizabethHanapepe Valley Lookout the SaltPond and the 17-mile-longPolihale beach the longest beach in Hawaii Hanapepe

averages about 30 inchesofrain annually Furtherup the coast Kekaha and Waimea average20 and21 inches ofrainfalla year respectively During the summermonths Kekaha and Waimea may see only a half-inch

ofrain a month Frequently referred

ioasthe Grand CanyonoftheWest Waimea Canyonisone of Kauaismostwell known scenic vistasAmile wide 10miles long and more than3500 feetdeep WaimeaCanyon offers spectacular viewsofits canyons and waterfalls Above left

View ofHanapepe town and surrounding agricultural land from thescenic overlook onKaumualiiHighwayThecanyon intheforefront is Hanapepe River Above right View ofWaimea town fromWaimea Canyon Drive Thedistrict

experiences typical10-15 mph tradewinds from theeast northeast although windscangustmuch higher

in Kekaha Kauai Coffee Company

Pioneer Seed Company theUS Navy sPacific MissileRange FacilityatBarking Sands and

Syngenta are all major employers in Waimea District Kekaha Sugar MiIIwhich for generations influenced all

aspectsoflifeinWest Kauai including development banking transportation housing and utilitiesclosed in 2000 The town isstillstruggling since the millsclosing TheStateof

Hawaii DHHL and the Robinson Family are the largest landowners in thedistrict DHHL owns 15 000acres inthis district almost allofwhich is agriculturalor conservation land Howevera49- lot subdivision wasrecently developed on20acres in Kekaha In2005 DHHL awarded 40 homestead leases with mostlessees native Hawaiians from the nearbyisland of Niihau i9


KaumualiiHighway a paved two-lanehighway maintainedby the State Departmentof Transportationisthe one and only major thoroughfare connecting west side towns with the rest of the island The highwayendsin Mana buta smaller road continues toPolihale State Park where theroad ends at the baseofthe Na Pali coastline Residential developments havebeen built on the mauka and makai sideofthe highway The

district ishome to Waimea High School EIe eleElementary Island School Kekaha SchoolSt TeresasSchooland Waimea Canyon School Kauai Community College and the Universityof Hawaii alsohave satellite offices inthe Waimea district Waimea isalso home toa VeteransHospital West KauaiMedical Center and the West Kauai Technology and Visitor Center There are commercial areas in

Waimea Eleeleand Port Allen In

recent years Hanapepe town established along the banks ofthe Koula River has marketed itselfas an

artistic center although manyofthe storefronts along Hanapepe Road have remained vacant sincethe

demiseof the sugar cane industry Above

left plantation home in Makaweli Note thewood shakeroof and vegetation within 10feetofthe home Above centerandright View ofhouses above Hanapepe town Note the dense dried vegetationonthehillside Waimea

district has two fire stations one in Waimea and another in Hanapepe As

former sugar plantations towns neighborhoodsinKekaha Waimea Hanapepe andEle eleall tend tobe in densely developed areas composedof 8 000-12000square-foot lotswith modest homes House typesvary between post and pier construction and concrete slab Homes tend tobesingle-story with smalllouveredwindows ClassAroofing and wood siding although some homes aremadeof concrete block Therewere several homes in Hanapepe Residence Lots and Hanapepe Heights that hadwood shakeroofs A smattering of newer homes are two-stories high Driveways are10-12 feet

widewith 15-footvertical clearance Driveways in theseneighborhoods are also paved and lessthan 100

feet in length with no turnaround space for fire apparatus House numbers are displayed on mailboxes orthe sidesof houses Thecommunities have above ground utilities paved roadshydrants and setbacksThese neighborhoods are surrounded by open

areas either agriculturalor former sugar cane ands 4t1


Although there are several vacation rentals in Waimea ad Kekaha the majority of homes in theWaimea district are owner-occupiedAsof June 2009 real estate listings forsingle familyhomes in the Waimeadistrict range from 495000-1900000For

the most part homes have defensible space because thelots are small Howeveravisual inspectionof neighborhoods throughoutthe district found homes with vegetation growing within 10 feet ofthe structure sometimes abutting the house Above

left typical home inKekaha On the other side ofthe street is overgrown brushthat extends forseveral acres Centerphoto Above right View ofHanapepe Residence LotsinHanapepe Waimea

and Kekaha neighborhoods tendtohave atleast two meansofingress and egress except for thehomes along the bottom ofWaimea Canyon Drive Hanapepe Residence Lots in Hanapepe onlyhaveone means ofingress egressMoiRoad There are gulieys on either side ofMoi Road with kiawe andgrasses coming up to the roadside At

the 3600-foot-elevationaboveWaimeaKokee ishome toKokee State Park Kokee Museum Waimea State ParkNASA Tracking Station Kokee AirForce Station Kalalau Lookout YWCA Camp Slogett Kokee MethodistCampaBoy Scout Camp Kokee Hongwanji and Camp Hale Koa Kokee State Park is15 miles from Waimea and ittakes the fire department about 30-45 minutestorespondduetothe windysteep roads in the area Above left cabin in

Kokee The majority of cabins are owned by theState ofHawaii and leased to those whosubmit an application Somecabins are inhabited year round while othersare used as vacation homes Above right cabinin KokeeThe cabin has wood shingles and thewood shake roof is covered indried pine needles From sea level two

roads can access Kokee Kokee Road inKekaha and Waimea Canyon Drive inWaimea However the tworoads merge just before the 7mile-marker about halfwayupthemountain 47

IZauai Community Wildfire Protection Plan

June 2009

with the two-lanewindyand narrow Waimea Canyon Drive as the only meansofingress egressforKokeeSide roads are unpaved steep have no signage and many require four-wheel drivetoAbove left

cabin in Kokee The cabin is builtonaslope with dried vegetation gathering underthe wooden lanai Overgrown grass

and unpruned trees dot theproperty Above right The remains ofaKokee cabin destroyed inan April 2005

fire Because the nearest fire station isatthe bottom of Waimea Canyona30 minute drive thecabin was completelyinvolvedbythetime fire personnel arrived on scene Fortunately thefire did not spread to the nearby woods

in addition

to being home to the largest concentration ofrare and endangered native Hawaiian plants on KauaiKokee isalso home tomore than 90 cabins onstate land that are leased Someofthese leases havebeen in the same family for generations The cabins

in Kokee tend tobe on flat land with some built into the hillsides While some cabins have metal roofsseveral have wood shake roofs wood siding and dense vegetation closeto the structure Most drivewaysare unpaved andvary in length some are less than 50 feet whilea few are longer than 300 feetwith limited turnaround space forfire apparatus House numbers are nonexistent although some havesigns with the cabin name Utilities are above ground Unattended campfires

posea fire threat in Kokee Response time from Waimea fire station isatleast 45 minutesThis isproblematic fora response thatisneeded to keep the fire from rapidly spreading Dead anddown trees and branches from the1992 Hurricane Iniki have contributed tothe concentrated fuel loadLack of

water resources isalsoan issue Aerial water drops isone of the most effective tools in fire suppression given

therough terrain Water resources are limited in the Waimea district Community Assets

atRisk Assets atriskare valued resources that canbe damaged or destroyed by wildfire In addition to ensuring firefighter

safetyand protecting residents and visitors the following assets warrant consideration inpre-incident planning watershedsforest reserves wildlife scenic cultural and archeological sites ranchiands

and structures The following were

identified as valued resources within Kauai thatwould beadversely affected by wildfire Commercial communityresources

47


June 2009

Resorts shopping centers schools community centers churches restaurants industrialparks and retail establishments

Natural Cultural ResourcesNational Tropical Botanical Gardens Kilauea Lighthouseand National Wildlife Refuge

Huleia National Wildlife Refuge Bell Stone Alakai Swamp Tree Tunnel Koloa WaikanaloaWet Cave Russian Fort Elizabeth Waimea Canyon county parks and beaches includingPolihale Beach State Park Kokee State Park Lydgate State Park and Wailua River Valley as

well as rare and endangered plants and animals and cultural and archeological features

These resources are critical for anumber of reasons Not only are the natural resources home to rare

and endangered native Hawaiian plants and animals they are also attracting thousands of tourists a

year to Kauai

In 2006 the Kauai Open Space Commissioncatalogued places of importance to the people ofKauai This listwas developed during the public-inputprocessof the Public Access Open Space and NaturalResources Management Fund Commission OpenSpace Commission While

this list identifies many places around Kauai dearto its residents for cultural historic religious naturaland other reasonsitis by no means definitive-

it simply reflects the data collected at that timeSome areas are listed more than once for specificareaswithin that locale

Not all areas on the listare in the wildiand urban intertace However it is of interest to note that the first32 places on the list are in Kapaa Kauaislargest residential town situated in the heart of the wildiandurban interface Nearly one third of the list are in Anahola a town with the second highest rate ofwildfire incidents on the island Below is a list of the top ten places on the list the full list can be foundin Appendix B

PlacesofImportance to the People of Kau

Number Quad Map Site Name1 Kapaa Nukolii2 Kapaa Kalepa Point3 Kapaa Kalepa Forest Reserve4 Kapaa Wailua River Valley5 Kapaa Opaekaa Falls6 Kapaa Wailua River Valley7 Kapaa Wailua River Valley8 Kapaa Wailua River Valley9 Kapaa Wailua River Valley10 Kapaa Wailua River Valley

43

Above View from Kalalau Iaokout one ofthe placeslisted as important to the people of Kauai

Community Concerns for KauaiCommunity meetings specifically on the CWPP process held in June 2008 through June 2009 withcommunity members and fire agencies identified the most pressing fire concernson Kaual Theyinclude in order of priority

1 Fuel load reduction along Wailua Corridor2 Fuel load reduction surrounding communities such as Anahola and Wailua Homesteads3 Fuel load reduction along roadsides in community open areas and individual homes4 Complete lack andor low level ofwater in reservoirs around Kauai5 Lack of public awareness of the wildfire threat on Kauai Need to educate current and future

residents about wildfire risks in the community6 Green waste recycling to prevent illegal dumping

6a Reduce amount of illegally dumped trash in Anahola7 Develop regional and local planning and development standards that require communities and

subdivision designs to consider andor mitigate fire risk8 Structures design materials placement and landscaping that promotes or does not mitigate

fire risk9 Additional evacuation routes from communities that only have one means of ingressegress

and10 Increasentegrate communication equipment between state federal and county agencies11 Additional fire apparatus staged in Kokee for quick response12 Additional water resources in Kokee such as fire hydrants or stand pipes

CWPP RecommendationsFeedback from community membersand fire service agencies during the CWPP process led to 12recommendations listed below

1 Installing and maintaining firebreaks along the Wailua Corridor

2 Fuel load reduction along the Wailua Corridor

3 Implementing grazing practices in Anahola and increasing grazing around the perimeter ofWailua Homesteads

4 Maintaining and increasing the use of current reservoirs around the island

5 Continued public education on fire prevention issues such as creating defensible spaceparticularly in Kokee Anahola Wailua Hanamaulu Koloa Waimea and Kapaa

6 Implement community chipping days to encourage fuel Toad mitigation and green wasterecycling7 Increased use of fire-resistantbuilding materialsin new residential development8

Implementationof Firewise recommendationsinthe planning process such asfuel-breaks aroundallnew residential subdivisions and multiple means on ingress egress9Creation

of secondary emergency accessroadsinresidential areas where necessary

Kauai County Community Wildfire Protection Plan

September 2008

10 Integrate and increase radio communications between federal state and county fire responseagencies May require purchasing additional radios for Public Works and other county departmentsto use during wildfire suppression

11 Purchase of refurbished light-responsebrush truck tobe staged in Kokee 12

Installationoffire hydrantsorstand pipes in Kokee Recommended

ActionforKauai Givenits importanceasavital transportation link between twoof the most populated areas onthe islandthe Wailua Corridorisan area thatis extremely vulnerabletowildfires The closure ofthe road duringwildfires hasa tremendous negative impact on the Kapaacommunity and the island asawhole Constructing

and maintaining fuelbreaks along the Corridor can possibly slow the spread of wildfires whenthey occur Reducing

the fuel load along the Wailua corridor willalso help reduce the potential spreadof wildfires in thearea The vast majorityof land around theWailua Corridor isformer agricultural land primarily ownedby the State of Hawaii and other large landowners Large landowners willneed to address communityconcerns when implementing fire breaks near communities With

its high rate of wildfires vast tractsof open lands and large pilesof dumped trash and abandoned vehiclestheAnahola area is a concern tofire officials During interagency meetingsaspart of the CWPPprocess DHHL officials indicated they were amenabletograzing around Hawaiian homesteads inAnahola Issues facing ranchers wantingto graze in the Anahola include insurance lackof water resources

and length of stay for animals in fields need to makeiteffective topay for fencing Limited

grazing has been done around Wailua Homesteads inthe past Grant funding would help expandthe size of the area being grazed as well as the frequencyof the grazing Thiswill go a long waytoward reducingthe fuel load around theWailua Homesteads community Kauai

Fire Chief Westerman would like to see current reservoirs maintained and used rather thaninstallingdiptanks around the island Many reservoirs are being allowed togo dry because landisno longer

being farmed Continued

public education about wildfire preventioniscrucial During the developmentof this CWPP theauthor frequently asked Kauai residents howmany wildfires they thought occurred annually on the islandNo one ever answered more than 12 wildfiresa year even though there were 82wildfires on Kauai

in 2008 and 134 fires in 2007 Given

the steady influxof residents from other parts of the USwho are unfamiliar with the fire regimeofHawaiiit is important to constantly remind people of the wildfire threats in their community Chief Westermannoted that the increase in gentlemensfarmscome with their own wildfire hazards pointingout that gentleman farmersinKilauea own8-10 acreswith wooden structures on their farms Public education

on wildfire safety education could also include an awareness campaign aboutthe hazards ofillegal trash dumping Abandoned carsand trash piles are an issue in Anahola However itwas notedduring the CWPP process that trash boxes cars etc are left behind by tenant farmersonAB

land45

Kauai County Community Wildfire Protection Pian

September 2008

Communities around Kauai could benefit from communal chipping programs and green waste

recycling

An island-widechippingprogram was suggestedbymembersofthe Kauai Planning Commission duringthe developmentof the CWPPIt was suggested that such a program be implementedbythe KauaiFire Department and other County agencies Environmental Managementto benefit those communitieswantingto reduce their fuelload Another

recommendationofthis CWPP isto increase theuse of fire-resistant buildingmaterialsinnewresidential development

TheKauai Planning Departmentisresponsible for regulations regarding residential developmentonKauai The County asa whole can mandate that fire-resistant building materialsbe usedinall new residential construction Homeowner associationsin individualcommunities can alsorequirethe useof fire-resistant building materials throughtheirCCRsCodes Covenants andRestrictions Atleast four homeowner associations in communities onthewest sideofHawaii Island have adoptedFirewise construction recommendations aspartoftheirCC Rs Given the rapidrate

ofdevelopment Kauai has recently experienced the Kauai Planning Department may want toexplorethe possibility of implementing Firewise recommendations inthe planning processsuch as fuelbreaksaround all new residential subdivisions The creationofsecondary emergency access roadsinexistingresidential areas and orplanning multiple meanson ingresslegress innewresidential subdivisions is also

recommended When large-scale wildfires occur

on Kauaimultiplestate and county agencies respond However notall theagencies maybeable to communicate with each other Kauai Department of Public Works are frequently called in to assist

with heavy equipment during wildfires but theirstaffhave littleor no wildland fire training and are

often donot have radios During a June 2009 wildland interagency meeting the lackofstandardizedradio communications all responding agencies beingable to communicate via radios on thesame frequency was cited asaconcern Ensuring that all responding agencies have the proper radioequipment and are versed inusing it properly will help minimize the potential risk inherent inlackof communication during a fire Given Kokees remote location

and highpreponderanceofthreatened and endangered plants and animals quick response to wildfiresis vital However the nearest fire stationis more than 15 miles away inWaimea and withthe windy uphill roads ittakes nearly 45 minutes for fire crews to respond There are nofire hydrantsin Kokee The Kokee Advisory Council would like toexplore thepossibility of purchasing alight-response brush truck andinstall firehydrantsor stand pipes in the area to facilitate faster fire response Based ontheresults of the

community risk assessment priority ratings have been selected forKauai and areas ofcommunity importance Thecommunity recommendations forthetypeand methodoftreatment for the surrounding vegetation arelisted in the following table 4Fi


September 2008

Community TypeofTreatment Method ofTreatment Overall Prioritystructure or

area at riskWailua Mechanical Chemical Installing and Very High

maintaining fuel breaksalon Wailua Corridor

Wailua Mechanical Chemical Fuel load reduction Very High IHand Labor alon Wailua Corridor

Island-wideMechanical ChemicaVReduction offuel load High HandLabor along roadsides community

open areas and

individual homes AnahOla

Animal Grazing High WailuaKoloa PrincevilleIsland-wideMechanicalPolitical Maintaining and High increasing use

of current reservoirs Island-wide

PublicEducationand Continued fire prevention HighOutreach education and

outreach including arson preventioneducation Island-wide

Mechanical Implement

communityHigh chipping daysto encouragefuel load reduction

Island-wide Planning PoliticalIncrease

useof fire- Medium resistant building materials in newresidential developmentIncorporation of fuel

breaksandmultiple means ofingress egress inall new residentialdeveloment Island-wide Mechanical Creationof secondary

Mediumemergency ingress egress roadsin existing

neighborhoods wherenecessa Island-wide Mechanical PoliticalIncrease effective

Medium

integratedradio communication between stateand county

firesuressionaencies Kokee Mechanical Purchasea brush truck Medium

to be staged inKokeefor fastresponse to wildfires Kokee Mechanical Installfire hydrants stand

Mediumi es inKokee47

IZauai County Community Wildfire Protection Plan

September 2008

Community organizations federal agencies and private landowners around Kauai were invitedto submit projects that provide protection and reduce wildfire risk The following table displaysa list of projects based on recommendations from community andlorfire-relatedorganizatians Community

Project Agency Funding Timetable Community structureorNeeds Recommen- areaatrisk dation WailuaInstalling and Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes

maintaining fuel agencies Fundingbreaks along state and 500000Wailua Corridor count

Wailua Fuel load reduction Multiple Gooperative 2009 - 20014Yes along Wailua AgenciesFunding Corridor count500

000Island-wide Reduction of fuel Multiple Cooperative 2009 - 2014Yes load along AgenciesFunding roadsides state850000 community open countyand areas andprivate individual

homes Anahola Grazing around Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes Wailua subdivisionAgencies Funding Homesteads perimeters tostate

200 000 Koloa reduce fuel load

county andPrincevilleprivate Island-Wide Maintain and Multiple Cooperative 2009 -

2014Yes increase use ofAgencies Funding current reservoirs

county

andstate 151and-wide Continued fire Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes preventionagencies Funding education andfederal45 000 outreachincluding state arson preventioncounty and

educationrivate Island-wide Implement Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes communityagencies Funding chipping days tostate175000 encourage fuelcounty and load

reductionrivate Island-wide Creation of Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes developmentAgenciesFunding standards and countyand150000 for community stateoutreach any planning thatneeded impact requires thestudies and mitigationofeducation

wildfirerisks Island-wide Greation of Multiple Cooperative 2009 -2014 Yes secondaryAgencies Funding emergencystate 750

000if ingress egress countyand environment- roads rivate

alassess-4R


September 2008

mentsre uired

Island-WideIncreased effective Multiple Cooperative 2009 -20013 Yesintegrated radio agencies Fundingcommunication 80000between state and

county firesuppressiona encies

Kokee Purchasea brush Multiple Cooperative 2009-2013Yes trucktobe staged agencies Funding inKokee for fast 75 000responsetowildfires

Kokee

Install fire Multiple Cooperative 2009-2014 Yeshydrants standagenciesFunding i es

in Kokee 250 000 ReduceStructural

IgnitabilityAspartof its fire prevention education effortsFirewise Communities Hawaii provides recommendationstoreducestructural ignitability Individuals and community groups around Kauai can reduce structural ignitability throughoutthecounty by taking the following measures Createa

buffer zone ofdefensible space aroundaproperty ofat least 30 feet or to the property lineif the house has less than 30 feet of yard Remove flammable vegetationand combustible growthwithin 30 feet of the house Prune tree

limbs6 -10 feet above the ground Space trees

and shrubs ten feet apart in the yard Make sure

that plants closest to the house are low-lying Wherever possibleusenative Hawaiian or succulentplants Routinely remove dead

leavesand other organic matter from the yard Sweep and or

clean gutterseaves and roofs regularly to prevent the build-upof leaves andother matter Use fire-resistantbuilding materials

for theroofsiding anddecks such as metal stucco tile brick and cement 49


September 2008

5O


September 2008

51

Map courtesyof Kauai County GIS

Rauai County Community Wildfire ProtecgonPlan

September 2008

Appendix BPlaces of Importance to the People of Kauai

Number Quad Map Site Name1 Kapaa Nukolii2 Kapaa Kalepa Point3 Kapaa Kalepa Forest Reserve4 Kapaa Wailua River Valley5 Kapaa Opaekaa Falls6 Kapaa Wailua River Valley7 Kapaa Wailua River Valley8 Kapaa Wailua River Valley9 Kapaa Wailua River Valley10 Kapaa Wailua River Valley11 Kapaa Wailua River Valley12 Kapaa Opaekaa Falls13 Kapaa Opaekaa Falls14 Kapaa Wailua River Valley15 Kapaa Wailua River Valley16 Kapaa Wailua River Valley17 Kapaa NounouSleepingGiant18 Kapaa NounouSleepingGiant19 Kapaa Waipouli Beach20 Kapaa Waipouli Beach21 Kapaa Waipouli Beach22 Kapaa Waipouli Beach23 Kapaa Waipouli Mauka24 Kapaa Kapaa Beach Park25 Kapaa Kapaa Cemetary26 Kapaa Kapaa Homesteads27 Kapaa Upper Kapahi Reservoir

28 Kapaa Kahuna Road29 Kapaa Hoopii Falls30 Kapaa Hoopii Falls31 Kapaa Kealia Coast32 Kapaa Waipouli Mauka33 Hanapepe Numila Makai34 Hanapepe Puolo Point35 Hanapepe Puolo Point

36 Hanapepe Puolo Point37 Hanapepe Puolo Point38 Hanapepe Puolo Point39 Hanapepe Paakahi Point

40 Hanapepe SaltPond Beach Park41 Hanapepe SaltPond Beach Park42 Hanapepe Hanapepe River Valley43 Hanapepe Hanapepe River Valley

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44 Hanapepe Makaweli Mauka45 Hanapepe Kaumakani Makai46 Hanapepe Makaweli Landing47 Hanapepe Makaweli Landing48 Hanapepe Makaweli Landing49 Hanapepe Waimea River Valley50 Kotoa Mahaulepu51 Koloa Mahaulepu52 Koloa Makawehi53 Koloa Koloa Milt54 Koloa Kaneiolouma55 Koloa Kaneiolouma56 Koloa Poipu Beach Park57 Koloa Waiohai Beach58 Koloa Kipu59 Koloa Haupu60 Koloa Haupu61 Koloa Haupu62 Koloa Waita Reservoir63 Koloa Waita Reservoir64 Koloa Waita Reservoir65 Koloa Waita Reservoir66 Koloa Kukuiula67 Koloa Kahili68 Koloa Kahili69 Koloa Kahili70 Koloa Haupu71 Koloa Haupu72 Koloa Kahili73 Koloa Lawai Mauka74 Koloa Lawai Mauka75 Koloa Lawai Mauka76 Koloa Lawai Mauka77 Koloa Lawai Mauka78 Koloa Lawai Homestead79 Koloa Lawai Homestead80 Koloa Lawai Homestead81 Koloa Lawai Kai82 Koloa Na Pali83 Koloa Wahiawa Bog84 Koloa Alexander Reservoir85 Koloa Alexander Reservoir86 Koloa Alexander Reservoir87 Koloa Alexander Reservoir88 Koloa Kalaheo Mauka89 Koloa Kalaheo Mauka90 Lihue Ahukini

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September 2008

91 Lihue Nawiliwili92 Lihue Menehune Fishpond93 Lihue Menehune Fishpond94 Lihue Menehune Fishpond95 Lihue Kipu Fails96 Lihue Kipu Falls97 Lihue Haupu98 Lihue Haupu99 Lihue Kipu Kai100 Lihue Kipu Kai101 Lihue Kipu Kai102 Lihue Mahaulepu103 Lihue Mahaulepu104 Lihue Mahaulepu105 Haena Kokee106 Haena Na Pali State Park107 Haena Hanakapiai108 Haena Wainiha Mauka109 Haena Wainiha Mauka110 Haena Haena State Park111 Haena Haena State Park112 Haena Haena State Park113 Haena Haena State Park114 Haena Haena Park115 Haena Haena Mauka116 Haena Haena Point117 Haena Haena Point118 Haena Haena Point119 Haena Haena Point120 Haena Kepuhi Point121 Haena Kepuhi Point122 Haena Kepuhi Point123 Haena Wainiha124 Kekaha Niu Ridge125 Kekaha Niu Ridge126 Kekaha PMRF127 Kekaha PMRF128 Kekaha PMRF129 Kekaha PMRF130 Kekaha PMRF131 Kekaha PMRF

132 Kekaha PMRF133 Kekaha PMRF134 Kekaha PMRF135 Kekaha PMRF

136 Kekaha PMRF137 Makaha Point PMRF

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KauaiCounty Community Wildfire Protection Plan

September 2008

138 Makaha Point PMRF139 Makaha Point PMRF140 Makaha Point Makaha Ridge141 Makaha Point Milolii142 Makaha Point Milolii143 Makaha Point Milolii144 Makaha Point Milolii145 Makaha Point PMRF146 Makaha Point Kokee147 Waimea Canyon Kokee148 Waimea Canyon Kokee149 Waimea Canyon Kokee150 Waimea Canyon Kokee151 Waialeale Waialeale152 Waialeale Waialeale153 Waialeale Waialeale154 Waialeale Waialeale155 Waialeale Waialeale156 Waialeale Waialeale157 Waialeale Waialeale158 Waialeale Waialeale159 Waialeale Waialeale160 Waialeale Waialeale161 Waialeale Kilohana Crater162 Eastern Kauai Kealia Spaulding Monument163 Eastern Kauai Kalihiwai River Basin164 Anahola Kauapea165 Anahola Kilauea Stream166 Anahola Waiakalua Makai167 Hanalei Wainiha168 Hanalei Lumahai169 Hanalei Princeville Makai170 Hanalei Pinceville Makai171 Hanalei Black Pot172 Hanalei Black Pot173 Hanalei Hanalei River174 Hanalei Hanalei River175 Hanalei Waioli Stream176 Hanalei Waioli Stream177 Hanalei Princeville Makai178 Hanalei Princeville Makai179 Hanalei Princeville Makai180 Hanalei Princeville Makai181 Hanalei Princeville Makai182 Hanalei Anini Beach183 Hanalei Princeville Makai184 Hanalei Anini Beach

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KauaiCounty Community Wildfire Protection Plan

September 2008

185 Hanalei Hanalei River186 Hanalei Kilauea Point187 Hanalei Hanalei Homestead188 Hanalei Hanalei River189 Hanalei Princeville Mauka190 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin191 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin192 Hanalei Kalihikai Mauka193 Hanalei Kalihikai Mauka194 Hanalei Anini Beach195 Hanalei Kalihiwai Bay196 Hanalei Kalihiwai Bay197 Hanalei Kauapea198 Hanalei Puukumu Stream199 Hanalei Puukumu Stream200 Hanalei Puukumu Stream201 Hanalei Kalihiwai Reservoir202 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin203 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin204 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin205 Hanalei Kalihiwai River Basin206 Hanalei Moloaa Forest Reseve207 Anahola Anahola Bay208 Anahola Anahola Mauka209 Anahola Anahola Mauka210 Anahola Anahola Mauka211 Anahola Anahola Mauka212 Anahola Kamalomaloo213 Anahola Kealia Spaulding Monument214 Anahola Kealia Mauka215 Anahola Kealia Mauka216 Anahola Kealia Mauka217 Anahola Kealia Mauka218 Anahola Papaa Bay219 Anahola Papaa Bay220 Anahola Papaa Bay221 Anahola Papaa Bay222 Anahola Papaa Bay223 Anahola Papaa Bay224 Anahola Papaa Bay225 Anahola Papaa Mauka226 Anahola Papaa Mauka227 Anahola Papaa Mauka228 Anahola Aliomanu Mauka229 Anahola Aliomanu Mauka230 Anahola Anahola Mauka231 Anahola Aliomanu Mauka

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KauaiCounty Community Wildfire Protution Plan

September 2008

232 Anahola Moloaa Bay233 Anahola Moloaa Bay234 Anahola Moloaa Bay235 Anahola Moloaa Bay236 Anahola Moloaa Bay237 Anahola Moloaa Bay238 Anahola Moloaa Bay239 Anahola Moloaa Bay240 Anahola Moloaa Bay241 Anahola Waiakalua Mauka242 Anahola Pilaa Beach243 Anahola Pilaa Beach244 Anahola Pilaa Beach245 Anahola Pilaa Beach246 Anahola Waipake247 Anahola Waiakalua Reservoir248 Anahola Waiakalua Reservoir249 Anahola Waiakalua Reservoir250 Anahola Waiakalua Reservoir251 Anahola Pilaa Mauka252 Anahola Pilaa Mauka253 Anahola Pilaa Mauka254 Anahola Kaloko Reservoir255 Anahola Pilaa Mauka256 Anahola Pilaa Mauka257 Anahola Pilaa Mauka258 Anahola Pilaa Mauka259 Anahola Kaloko Reservoir260 Anahola Puukaele Reservoir261 Anahola Puukaele Reservoir262 Anahola Kaloko Reservoir263 Anahola Kaloko Reservoir264 Anahola Kaloko Reservoir265 Anahola Kilauea Bay266 Anahola Kilauea Bay267 Anahola Kilauea Bay268 Anahola Kilauea Falls269 Anahola Kilauea Falls270 Anahola Kilauea Falls271 Anahola Kilauea Fails272 Anahola Kilauea Falls273 Anahola Kilauea Fails274 Anahola Kilauea Makai275 Anahola Kilauea Mauka276 Anahola Kilauea Mauka277 Anahola Kilauea Mauka278 Anahola Kilauea Mauka

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KauaiCounty CommunityVilreProtection Plan

September 2008

279 Anahola Kilauea Mauka280 Anahola Kilauea Mauka281 Anahola Kilauea Mauka282 Anahola Kauapea283 Anahola Kauapea284 Anahola Kauapea285 Anahola Mokuaeae Isle286 Anahola Kauapea287 Anahola Kauapea288 Anahola Kauapea289 Anahola Kilauea Point290 Anahola Kauapea291 Anahola Kauapea292 Anahola Kauapea293 Anahola Kauapea294 Anahola Kauapea295 Anahola Kauapea295 Anahola Kauapea297 Anahola Kauapea298 Anahola Kauapea299 Anahola Kilauea Makai300 Anahola Kauapea301 Anahola Kauapea

SR

Kauai County Community Wildfire Protection PlanSeptember 2008

Appendix CList of Potential Grant Resources

Below is a list of potential grant sources to help fund mitigation projects described within thisCWPP The list below is by no means exhaustive and potential community groups should alsoresearch grant-fundingsources availabletothem Grant

Program Deadline Contact Information Matching FundsReuired State

Fire Assistance Grants Funds August 28 Division ofForestry and Yes 5050targethazard mitigationinthe Wildland 2009 forWildlife match UrbanInterface formitigating risksof2010-2011 AttnWayne Ching hazardous fireConditions through competitive 1151 Punchbowl St hazardous fuelsreduction information funding Rm 325 and educationand homeowner and Honolulu HI 96813 community defensiblespace treatments 808 587-4173 Fax808587-0160

www dofawnetFMGlobalPreventionGrants

Awarded www fmglobal com No Throughtheirnew FirePrevention Grant quarterly Program fire departments nationaloremail state regional local andcommunity firepreventiongrants@fmgl organizations canapply forfunding toobal com supporta widearrayoffire prevention preparedness and control effortsincluding Pre-fire planning forcommercial

industrialand institutional facilitiesFireandarson prevention and

investigation Fire prevention education andtrainingro rams Department of Homeland

Security www

dhs govlxgovt grants DHS ndexshtmCitizenCorpsis theDepartmentofHomeland Securitysgrassroots initiativeMGRobertLeethat encourages citizens toplayarolein Adjutant General hometown security through personal 3949Diamond HeadRd preparedness Grant funding supports HonoluluHI Citizen Corps Councils ineffortsto96816-4495 engage citizens in personal 808-733-4246preparedness

exercises ongoing www sed statehiusvolunteer programs and surgecapacityresponseinordertobetter prepare citizenstobefully aware trained and practicedonhow toprevent protect mitigate prepareforand respond toallthreatsandhazards This programprovides funding onaformula basistoall56states and territories OtherHomeland Securit Grant 5A


September 2008

Programs includeInfrastructure Protection ProgramRegional Catastrophic Preparedness

Grant Pro ram

Hawaii Tourism Authority HTA Hawaii Tourism AuthorityNatural Resources Program 1801 Kalakaua AvenueIn 2002 HTA established the Natural Honolulu HI 96815Resources Advisory Group to develop 808 973-2255theNatural Resources ProgramANatural

Resources Assessmentwas conducted

includingan inventory and assessment

ofnatural resource areas around

the state Since 2005 HTA has awardedfunds tothose projects identifiedas prioritiesinthe Assessment andto community-based naturalresourceroects RuralFire

Assistance Grants RFA Variesby state Hawaii Volcanoes TheThe Deptof the Interior receives anNational Park maximum appropriated budgeteachyear forarural Joe Molhoek award is fire assistanceRFA grant program Pacific Island FireMgmt 20000 RFAThis fundingenhancesthefire protection Officer grants may capabilities ofrural and volunteer firePOBox 52 HNP HI 96718 require 90 10 departmentsthroughtrainingequipment 808 985-6042 cost-share purchasesand firepreventionwork onaJoe MolhoekQnps gov cost-shared basisThisprogramisprimarily for rural departments servingpopulations under10000thathave responsibilitiestoprovide mutual aidtoDept ofInterior lands e

g Tribal National Parks etcThe DOIassistance program targetsrural and volunteer fire departmentsthat routinely help fightfireonornear DOI lands One of these fouragencies administers those lands BureauofLandManagement BLM Bureau of IndianAffairsBIAUS FishandWildlife ServiceFWS and the NationalPark Service NPS fi

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