Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and...
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Transcript of Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and...
Oral radiology II
X-Ray Machine
The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tubeB) cone and accessories2) Control panel and timer3) Adjusting arm
INTRAORAL X-RAY FILM
Periapical View
Bitewing View
Occlusal View
Periapical View
Periapical View Film packs corne in three sizes:
0 for small children (22 X 35mm)
1, which is relatively narrow and used for views of the anterior teeth (24 X40mm)
2, the standard film size used for adults (31 X 41 mm)
Processing X-Ray Film
Manual processing
Rapid processing chemicals
Automatic Film Processing
MANUAL PROCESSING
Developer – water - fixer
Automatic Film Processing
GENERAL STEPS FOR MAKINGAN EXPOSURE
Greet and seat the patient. Adjust the x-ray unit setting. position the tube head. Wash hands thoroughly. Examine the oral cavity. Position the film. position the x-ray tube. Make the exposure.
Factors Affecting Quality of Image
Factors affecting the image are related to:
1. Machine
2. Object
3. Film
4. Processing of film
Periapical X-rays
show the whole tooth -- from the crown to beyond the end of the root to where the tooth is anchored in the jaw. Each periapical X-ray shows this full tooth dimension and includes all the teeth in one portion of either the upper or lower jaw. Periapical X-rays are used to detect any abnormalities of the root structure and surrounding bone structure
Two intraoral projection techniques are commonly used for periapical radiography:
the paralleling technique and
the bisecting-angle technique
The vertical angulations
Horizontal angulations
Incisors /0/ Mandibular canine /45/
Maxillary canine /60-75/
Premolars/70-80/
Molars/80-90/
Maxillary Incisors
A - Nasal septum
B - Inferior concha
C - Nasal fossa
D - Nasal spine
E - Incisive foramen
F – Nose
G - Median palatine suture
Incisive foramen
Nasal septum
Maxillary Canine
A = Floor of nasal fossa
B = Maxillary sinus
C = Lateral fossa
D = Nose
a = floor of nasal fossa b = maxillary sinus
c = lateral fossa a & b form inverted Y
Maxillary Premolar
A = Sinus recess
B = Sinus septum
C = Zygomatic Process
D = Maxillary sinus
a = Zygomatic Processb = sinus recessc = sinus septumd = maxillary sinus
Maxillary Molar
��A- Zygoma
B - Maxillary sinus
C - Sinus recess
D - Maxillary tuberosity
E - Coronoid process
F - Hamular Process
G - Pterygoid plate
a = maxillary tuberosity* b = coronoid process
c = hamular process d = pterygoid platese = zygoma (dotted lines)f = maxillary sinus g = sinus recess
Mandibular Incisors
A = Mental fossa
B = Lingual foramen
C = Genial tubercles
D = Mental ridge
Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass through this foramen
Mandibular Canine
A = Mental ridge
B = Lingual foramen
C = Genial tubercles
D = Cortical bone
E = Mental foramen
Mandibular Premolar
A = Mylohyoid ridge
B = Submandibular gland fossa
C = Mandibular canal
D = Mental foramen
The mental foramen (blue arrow) is adjacent to a periapical lesion associated with tooth # 21 (red arrow). There is slight external resorption on # 21
Mandibular Molar
A = External oblique ridge
B = Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique)
C = Submandibular gland fossa
D = Mandibular canal
a = external oblique ridge b = mylohyoid ridge
c = mandibular canal d = submandibular gland fossa
Radiation Safety & Protection