Oral Health Promotion and

Education

Oral Health Promotion and

Education

“Health"

“State of complete physical, emotional, and social well-

being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"

(WHO) 1940 (Russell, 1975)

In the 1970's and 1980's the “health” definition expanded to other

components which were included:

intellectual, environmental, and spiritual health

individual's health ??!!!

Is it individual's responsibility???

OrDoes society have some part to

play in it???

It’s a shared responsibility

The individual is responsible for the conduct of his life

Goals for Oral Health

These goals were developed after a great deal of discussion,

and with the strong involvement of the WHO

As global goals, they are intended to stimulate individual countries to

either adopt them as they are for their own goals, or to modify them for their

own circumstances

Global Goals for the Year 2000

(WHO and FDI in 1981) 1 -50 per cent of 5-6-year-olds will be caries free

2 -The global average will be no more than 3

DMF teeth at 12 years of age.3 -85 per cent of the population should retain all

their teeth at the age of 18 years4 -A 50 per cent reduction in present levels of

edentulousness at the age of 35-44 years will be achieved.

5 -A 25 per cent reduction in present levels of edentulousness at the age of 65 years and over

will be achieved.

Midcourse reviews found that some progress had been made toward most goals, although

disparities were growing between some minority groups

and the main population in some areas.

As a result, new sub objectives were established for Native

Americans in the reduction of edentulous persons, and for

African-Americans in the prevention of oropharyngeal

cancer

1990s were proceeding to establish health goals for the

nation for the year 2010; including goals for oral health.

The nature of these goals depended to a large extent on

progress made toward the Healthy People 2000 goals

Global Goals for the Year 2020

(FDI , WHO & IADR )

1- To minimize the impact of diseases of oral and craniofacial origin on health and psychosocial development, giving emphasis to promoting oral health and reducing oral disease amongst populations with the greatest burden of such conditions and diseases.

2- To minimize the impact of oral and craniofacial manifestations of systemic diseases on individuals and society, and to use these manifestations for early diagnosis, prevention and effective management of systemic diseases

Goals without a program to achieve

them are no more than wishful thinking

Goals without a program to achieve

them are no more than wishful thinking

The ultimate goal is: The optimization of

health

Health promotion addresses individual responsibility while

preventive services can be fulfilled by health providers

(Healthy People, DHEW. 1979)

Health Promotion

It is any combination of health education, and related organizational, political, and

economic intervention designed to facilitate behavioral and environmental

changes conducive to health“

Health education

is an important part of health promotion Defined as any combination of learning

opportunities designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior that

are conducive to health

Health promotion and health education (in general) have been described as the mechanisms that connect:1-Prevention activities; 2-Policy development; and 3- Community-Based Health Promotion Programs implementation, maintenance, and evaluation

1-Disease prevention

Focuses on protecting as many people as possible from the

harmful consequences of a threat to health

(e.g., through immunizations)

2-Policy development

Governments should have policies in place that promote

health and do not interfere with people's lives, but give them the freedom to make informed choices on their

health behavior

Governmental action in other area often means

legislation

Such steps represent the organizational, social, economic,

and environmental supports basic to the development of

healthy behaviors

e.g. use of seatbelts and safety helmets, and immunizations for

children

As an example in the oral health area, legislation

that mandates or permits water fluoridation, and the statutory basis for

school dental programs in some countries, are both organizational aspects of

oral health promotion

3- Community-Based Health Promotion

ProgramsA comprehensive, systematic,

coordinated approach to affecting long-term health

behavior change by influencing the community (cultural) norms

through education and community organization

The goal of the Community-Based Health Promotion Programs is to

encourage people, through lifestyle changes,

to improve their overall health and well being

Community-based health promotion's focus is on basically healthy people

Health promotion needs to reach people before they are symptomatic, and at a time when changing health

behaviors can prevent illness, disability and death.

Community-based health promotion targets

the whole community

Changing habits may begin at the individual or family level, but

maintaining change relies on reinforcement and approval at

the community level

Community-based health promotion aims at

effective public participation:

People need to be involved in the decision-making process, coming

together to determine the appropriate strategies for their

community

Involving all segments of the community in the planning and

implementing of programs insures cooperation and coordination and is

a key to the success of health promotion efforts

The Community-based health promotion

strategies require action at many levels through: 1- Providing people with health

information (education)2-Developing opportunities for people to make and practice healthful choices 3-Encouraging those choices through community support and provide economic and other incentives and policies that promote healthy choices

The mass media, especially television, are

frequently used in promotional programs in

oral health, for sensitization and

publicity purposes

( National campaign in Finland

1980s, 54% to 65%not effective )

The (ADA), for example, launched a television campaign in the mid-

1980s to increase patient visits among adults over

age 30, mostly by presenting the health

benefits of regular dental care

The (ADA), for example, launched a television campaign in the mid-

1980s to increase patient visits among adults over

age 30, mostly by presenting the health

benefits of regular dental care

One problem in defining a role for mass media in oral health

promotion is that: evaluation carried out by

market researchers, accustomed to dealing with

commercial advertisements, is often "process" evaluation,

which stops short of detecting outcomes, made the

evaluation of the effects uncertain

Use of more than one medium is likely to better promote health messages

One campaign that involved both television and printed material found

that the television spots were the least well remembered and that the printed material, which demanded

active involvement of participants at home, was more effective in improving

oral health knowledge