Oral Flora
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Transcript of Oral Flora
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Oral Flora
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ORAL GM +VE BACTERIA
Rods Cocci
Spore forming Non-spore forming
Facultative Anaerobic Facultative Anaerobic Aerobic facultative Anaerobic
Aerobic Anaerobic Catalase +ve Catalase -ve
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GRAM +VE RODS
Facultative to Anaerobic Non spore forming
RodsGENUS ACTINOMYCES Irregular rods, club shaped, curved or bent
May be short (1.5 to 5 ) or longer
Filaments 5 to 50 long often show branching
Arranged singly or in pairs, in short chains or clumps
Facultative anaerobic, require CO2 for optimum growth
Major site of colonization oral cavity
Cause extensive alveolar bone loss and caries in experimental animals
Little evidence of pathogenesis in human
Associated with gingivitis and in facilitating colonization of plaque by gmve organisms
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ACTINOMYCES GEORGIAE
Cells occurs in pairs or in short chains
Rarely show branching Isolated from human gingival crevices
ACTINOMYCES ISRAELII
Named after James Israel, who first isolate it Grow best anaerobically
Found to increase significantly in supra gingival plaque as non bleeding gingivitis
developed in experimental animals
Older plaque A. israelii was the dominant species
ACTINOMYCES MEYERI Cells are usually short
Anaerobic
Principal habitat- human gingival sulcus
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ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII Causes actinomycotic lesions
Can produce periodontal disease in experimental animals
Causes extensive loss of alveolar bone
No clear association with human periodontal disease
ACTINOMYCES ODONTOLYTICUS Meanstooth dissolving
Major site of colonization- calculus and dental plaque
Deep carious lesion
ACTINOMYCES VISCOSUS Means- sticky
Primary habitat- oral cavity
Isolated from spontaneously occuring periodontal disease
Found to increase in supragingival plaque in experimental animal
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GENUS PROPIOBACTERIUM
Cells are irregular rods
0.5 to 0.8 X 1 to 5
Coccal, diptheroid or pleomorphic, occasionally branched
Vary from anaerobic to aerotolerant
P.acnes, P. ovidum, P. propionicus colonize supra and sub gingival plaque
P.acnes. P. avidum have been isolated from endodontic infectionsand periodontal
pockets
P. acne is associated with progressive periodontal disease
Exact mode of pathogenesis is not clear
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GENUS LACTOBACILLUS
Means- small rods from milk
Usually large, regular , rods
0.5 to 1 X 1.5 to 5
Cells often grow in chains
Few are motile with peritrichous flagella
Grow optimally under anaerobic condition
Liable to grow under low o2 concentration if supplimented with 5- 10% CO2
Not important pathogen
Occasionally associated with clinical conditions
Out of 45 species only 3 are isolated from oral cavity
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LACTOBACILLUS ORIS Means- of the mouth
Rods, 0.8 to 1 X 2 to 4
Occuring singly/ in p[airs/ or in chains
Non motile
Faculatatively anaerobic
Isolated from human saliva
No known pathogenic involvement
LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM Means- of the plant
Rods with rounded ends 0.9 to 1.2 X 3 to 8
Occuring singly/ in pairs or in chains
Isolated form human saliva
LACTOBACILLUS SALIVARIUS Means- salivary
Rod shaped, regular with round ends
0.6 to 0.9 X 1.5 to 5
occur singly or in chains Often isolated from saliva
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Aerobic to Facultative non spore forming
Gram positive Rods
GENUS ROTHIA
ROTHIA DENTOCARIOSA
Means- tooth decaying
Coccoid to irregular . Diptheroid or pleomorphic rods
Occurs singly or in clumps or in chains
Non motile, faculatatively anaerobic
Colonises supragingival plaque
Found I saliva
Opportunistic pathogen
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GENUS CORYNEBACTERIUM
Means- club shaped
Vary from short rods to longer filamentous forms Non motile non spore forming
Usually faculatatively anaerobic, some species are aerobic
CORYMEBACTREUM MATRUCHOTII
Characteristic whip handle morphology
Under aerobic conditions filamentous cells develos branching
Colony molar tooth typeraised
Facultatively anaerobic, growth stimulated by CO2 Major habitat- dental plaque
No involvement in pathogenesis of caries and periodontal disease
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Anaerobic non spore forming rods
GENUS BIFIDOBACTERIUM Cell morphology varies
Short regular rods, irregular longer rods,bent with curved and bifurcated ends and
branching
Non motile, do not forms spores
Anaerobic- few species are capnophilic
Isolated from dental plaque
Pathogenecity is unknown
BIFIDOBACTERIUM DENTICUM Means of the teeth
Cells do not have distinctive morphology
Stricly anaerobic
Colonizes carious lesions
No oral clinical pathogenecity has been demonstrated
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GENUS EUBACTERIUM
Means beneficial bacterium
Cellular morphology- regular to irregular rods
Swollen, curved or bent
Occurs in chains
Motile non spore forming
Strictly anaerobic
Out of 36 species 6 has been isolated from oral cavity
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EUBACTERIUM ALACYTOLYTICUM
Cells are 0.3 to 0.6X 1.6 to 7.5
Normally in pairs with gull wings appearance Colonizes dental plaque, periodontl pockets and root canals
Also been isolated from oral abscess
EUBACTERIUM YURII
Form characteristic test tube brush appearance
Cella are regular rods with rounded ends
Motile by means of single polar flagellum
Isolated from subgingival plaque of both shallow and deep pockets
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