ORAL CAVITY-1 ALL CONTENT IS COPYRIGHT © OF DR. STEVENS M.B KISAKA THIS CONTENT MAY ONLY BE USED...

ORAL CAVITY-1

ALL CONTENT IS COPYRIGHT © OF DR. STEVENS M.B KISAKATHIS CONTENT MAY ONLY BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES BY CURRENT STUDENTS OF MAKERERE

Objectives1. Recognise and describe a section of the lip, identifying the main

features and constituent tissues.

2. Recognise and describe a section of the palate, distinguishing between hard and soft palate and identifying its epithelia and glands.

3. Recognise and describe a section of tongue (low power) appreciating the arrangement of epithelium, connective tissue (with fat cells), blood vessels, nerves, glands and muscle.

4. Recognise and describe the main lingual papillae (high power).

5. To be able to distinguish and describe serous and mucous lingual glands.

Lip (cat)

At low magnification identify:

oral surface aboral surface labial margin

1.0 mm

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

What type of epithelium covers :

1. the oral surface?

2. the aboral surface?

oral surface

aboral surface

labial margin

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

oral surface

aboral surface

labial margin


1. the oral surface? stratified squamous (little keratinisation)

2. the aboral surface?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

oral surface

aboral surface

labial margin


1. the oral surface? stratified squamous (little keratinisation)

2. the aboral surface? keratinised stratified squamous

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

At low magnification identify;

on the aboral surface:

hair follicles of two types; what are they?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

At low magnification identify;

on the aboral surface:

hair follicles of two types; what are they?

Sinus hair follicles and compound hair follicles.

sinus hair follicles

compound hairs

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

Identify: two types of gland.

What are they?

100 µm

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

Identify: two types of gland.

What are they?

A : sebaceous glands.

B : apocrine sweat glands.

A

A

B

B

100 µm

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

What cranial nerve might be seen in this section?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

What cranial nerve might be seen in this section?

The facial or seventh cranial nerve.

150 µm

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

What skeletal muscle is probably within this section?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

What skeletal muscle is probably within this section?

The orbicularis oris muscle.

muscle connective tissue

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

50 µm

How are these muscle fibres orientated re. the plane of the section?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

50 µm

How are these muscle fibres orientated re. the plane of the section?

In transverse section.

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

50 µm

What is this muscle’s function?

Lip (cat)

1.0 mm

50 µm

What is this muscle’s function?

It closes the lips.

Palate (mouse) This is a sagittal section through the head of a very young mouse.

Identify: brain in cranium nasal cavity ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

hard palate soft palate skin

nasopharynx palatine bone

1.0 mm

Palate (mouse) This is a sagittal section through the head of a very young mouse.

Identify: brain in cranium nasal cavity ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

hard palate soft palate skin

nasopharynx palatine bone

1.0 mm

hard palate

soft palate

ethmoid bone

skin

brain

nasal cavity

nasopharynx

palatine bone

nasal turbinates

Palate (mouse) Another section through the head. In this section only the hard palate is present.

Identify: nasal cavity ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

hard palate skin

palatine bone incisor

1.0 mm

Palate (mouse) Another section through the head. In this section only the hard palate is present.

Identify: nasal cavity ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

hard palate skin

palatine bone incisor

1.0 mmhard palate

nasal cavitynasal turbinates

nasal opening

skin with hairs

ethmoid bone

palatine bone incisor tooth

Sagittal section of horse head. With reference to the dissection class : locate the areas of hard and soft palate.

Palate (mouse) What type of epithelium covers the hard palate?

Oral Cavity _ Dog▪ Tongue & larynx have been removed▪ Soft palate has been incised along the palatoglossal arches▪ Note partially pigmented mucosa of upper lip▪ Note ridged, pigmented mucosa of hard palate▪ Identify : soft palate, junction of hard and soft palates

250 µm

Palate (mouse) What type of epithelium covers the hard palate?

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

100 µm

1

2

3

45

Stratum :

1: basale2: spinosum3: granulosum4: lucidum (unclear)5: corneum keratinised

Palate (mouse) What type of epithelium covers the oral surface of the soft palate?

250 µm

oral cavity

nasopharynx

Palate (mouse) What type of epithelium covers the oral surface of the soft palate?

Stratified squamous epithelium.

50 µmoral cavity

stratified squamousepithelium, somekeratinisation

Palate (mouse) Junction between soft and hard palate.

What glands are present in the soft palate?

50 µm

250 µm

Palate (mouse) Junction between soft and hard palate.

What glands are present in the soft palate?

Palatine glands (minor salivary gland).

50 µm

250 µm

palatine glands

Palate (mouse) What type of epithelium covers the aboral surface of the soft palate seen here?

25 µm

aboral surface


Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

25 µm

aboral surfaceciliated,pseudostratified,columnar epithelium



What striated muscle might be sectioned in the soft palate?

25 µm




What striated muscle might be sectioned in the soft palate?

Palatine muscle.

25 µm


striated muscle

palatine gland

SLIDE Demo TS Head SECTION THROUGH ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES

Identify:

1. Oral cavity.

2. Nasal cavity.

3. Nasal septum.

4. Nasal conchae.

5. Tongue.

6. Mandible.

7. Developing molars.

1.0 mm

Embryonic

SLIDE Demo TS Head SECTION THROUGH ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES

Identify:

1. Oral cavity.

2. Nasal cavity.

3. Nasal septum.

4. Nasal conchae.

5. Tongue.

6. Mandible.

7. Developing molars.

1.0 mm

Embryonic

1

2 2

3

4

5

6

7

Tongue (cat) Whole section seen at low magnification.

Identify: epithelium fat (adipose) tissue large blood vessels and nerves

glands lingual frenulum

striated muscle- seen in longitudinal, oblique and transverse orientations.

5.0 mm

Tongue, larynx & pharynx – dog

▪ Dorsal view▪ Pharynx and proximal oesophagus have been opened dorsally. Window has been cut in trachea.

▪ Identify : papillated (filiform) mucosa of tongue root, epiglottis, arytenoid cartilages & musculature, vestibulum oesophagi*, piriform recess*, limen pharyngoesophageum*, aditus laryngis, thyrohyoid bones, stylohyoid bones (transected).

* Pars laryngea pharyngis.

Oral Cavity - Sheep 2 ▪ Skin reflected from mandible, partially reflected from maxilla. M. buccinator removed. left mandible in situ, right mandible has been transected just caudal to the mandibular symphysis; and removed following reflection of masseter, temporal & pterygoid mm. (latter apparent dorsal to the tongue) from the mandibular ramus.

▪ Tongue reflected ventrally to show papillated mucosa (what sort of papillae are apparent?) & torus linguae.

▪ Note : pigmented, ridged mucosa of hard palate, non-pigmented soft palate, mandibular incisor teeth, absence of upper incisors.

1 ▪ M. buccinator has been transected and reflected to expose gingival mucosa, buccal mucosa, tongue, premolar & molar teeth.

▪ Identify papillae of various sorts of the lingual and buccal mucosa.

1

2

Tongue (cat) Whole section seen at low magnification.

Identify: epithelium

dorsal

lateral

5.0 mm

Tongue (cat) What type of epithelium covers the tongue?

100 µm

lateral surface dorsal surface

Tongue (cat) What type of epithelium covers the tongue?

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

100 µm


Tongue (cat)

100 µm


On which surface of the tongue is the epithelium most keratinised and why?

Tongue (cat)

100 µm


On which surface of the tongue is the epithelium most keratinised and why?

On the dorsal surface.

There is most contact on this surface.

Tongue (cat)

5.0 mm

Whole section seen at low magnification.

Identify: glands

Tongue (cat)

Some minor salivary glands (lingual) can be seen in this section.

0.5 mm

salivary gland

Tongue (cat) Minor salivary glands in body of the tongue.

See also slide 4.

50 µm

acini

duct

Tongue (cat)

5.0 mm


Identify: fat (adipose) tissue

striated muscle- seen in longitudinal, oblique and transverse orientations.

lingual frenulum

frenulum

Tongue (cat)

At fairly low magnification, the bundles of striated fibres forming the intrinsic muscles of the tongue can be seen cut in many orientations.

250 µm

Tongue (cat) Here at medium magnification striated muscle fibres can be seen cut in transverse and longitudinal section.

Note the large areas of unilocular adipocytes (white fat).

adipocytes

100 µm

striated muscleA : TS sectionB : LS section

A

B

Tongue (cat)

5.0 mm


Identify: large blood vessels and nerves.

Tongue (cat) Deep in the body of the tongue can be seen many blood vessels and nerves.

Which cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

250 µm

N : nervesA : arteriesV : veins A

A

V

N

N

Tongue (cat) Deep in the body of the tongue can be seen many blood vessels and nerves.Which cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?The hypoglossal or twelfth cranial nerve.

250 µm

N : nervesA : arteriesV : veins A

A

V

N

N

DEMO SLIDE Tongue injected (cat)

This section of tongue has been injected with a blue dye to show the blood vessels.

5.0 mm

Lingual glands (mouse) Two types of salivary gland can be seen in this section.

1.0 mm

dorsal surface

root of tonguebody of tongue

Lingual glands (mouse) In the body of the tongue.

Within the musculature of the body of the tongue are found deep red glands in this haematoxylin & eosin stained section.

glands

250 µm

musculature

surface papillae (filiform)

Lingual glands (mouse) At higher magnification:

Acini of cuboidal epithelium with round basal nuclei, cytoplasm staining pink.

Is this a serous or mucous gland?

acini

50 µm

striated muscle


Acini of cuboidal epithelium with round basal nuclei, cytoplasm staining pink.

Is this a serous or mucous gland? Serous.

acini

50 µm

striated muscle

Lingual glands (mouse) In the root of the tongue.

Glands seen here are of a blue-purple colour in a haematoxylin & eosin stained section.

glands

250 µm


Acini with flattened basal nuclei, cytoplasm blue and of a ‘foamy’ appearance.

Is this a serous or mucous gland?

cells of acini with a ‘foamy’appearance

50 µm


Acini with flattened basal nuclei, cytoplasm blue and of a ‘foamy’ appearance.

Is this a serous or mucous gland? Mucous.

cells of acini with a ‘foamy’appearance

50 µm

Filiform papillae (cat) Identify the main papillae in this section.

1.0 mm

Filiform papillae (cat) Identify the main papillae in this section.

Filiform papillae (arrowed).

1.0 mmfolds in section

Filiform papillae (cat) Decide whether : glands :

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :

can be associated with these papillae.

0.5 mm

Filiform papillae (cat) Decide whether : glands : No

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


0.5 mm


taste buds : No

lymphatic tissue :


0.5 mm


taste buds : No

lymphatic tissue : No


0.5 mm

Filiform papillae (cat)

At a higher magnification the stratified squamous epithelium of the papillae can be seen to possess a very thick heavily keratinised surface.

250 µm

50 µm

Circumvallate papillae (goat) Identify the main papilla in this section.

1.0 mm

Circumvallate papillae (goat) Identify the main papilla in this section.

1.0 mm

Identify the main papilla in this section.

Circumvallate (vallate) papilla (arrowed).

Circumvallate papillae (goat) Decide whether : glands :

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :

can be associated with this papilla.

250 µm

Circumvallate papillae (goat) Decide whether : glands : Yes

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


250 µm


taste buds : Yes

lymphatic tissue :


250 µm


taste buds : Yes

lymphatic tissue : Yes


250 µm

Circumvallate papillae (goat) Decide whether : glands : open into the moat around the papillae.

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


100 µm

1.0 mm


taste buds : on the sides of the papillae.

lymphatic tissue :


50 µm

1.0 mm


taste buds :

lymphatic tissue : found deeper into the papillae.


25 µm

1.0 mm

Foliate papillae (cat) Identify the main papillae in this section.

1.0 mm

Foliate papillae (cat) Identify the main papillae in this section.

1.0 mm

Identify the main papillae in this section.

Foliate papillae form a series of parallel folds.

foliate papillae

Foliate papillae (cat) Decide whether : glands :

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


250 µm

Foliate papillae (cat) Decide whether : glands : Yes

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


250 µm


taste buds : Yes

lymphatic tissue :


250 µm


taste buds : Yes

lymphatic tissue : Some (seen here labelled L)


250 µm

L : some lymphocytes

L

Foliate papillae (cat) Decide whether : glands : seen deep in and between the papillae.

taste buds :

lymphatic tissue :


100 µm

1.0 mm


taste buds : seen on the sides of the papillae.

lymphatic tissue :


100 µm

1.0 mm


taste buds :

lymphatic tissue : see earlier picture.


100 µm

1.0 mm

Lecturer: Dr. MBS KisakaSlides and Stains: Monica Nambi

ORAL CAVITY-1 ALL CONTENT IS COPYRIGHT © OF DR. STEVENS M.B KISAKA THIS CONTENT MAY ONLY BE USED...

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Transcript of ORAL CAVITY-1 ALL CONTENT IS COPYRIGHT © OF DR. STEVENS M.B KISAKA THIS CONTENT MAY ONLY BE USED...