Oracle9i Real Application Clusters...– IBM DB2 Sysplex on Mainframe ... – Microsoft...

Oracle9i Real Application Clusters

권 태 완Principal Sales ConsultantDB Tech. TeamOracle Corporation

What is a Cluster?

Group of servers acting as single systemRequires

– hardware (interconnect) – software (clusterware)

Traditional use – availability (failover)– read-only applications

Types of Cluster Databases

Shared Cache Databases– Oracle Real Application Clusters on All

Platforms (Linux, Unix, Windows …)– IBM DB2 Sysplex on Mainframe

Shared Nothing Databases– IBM DB2 on Some Platforms

Federated Databases – Microsoft SQLServer2000 on Windows

“Oracle9i Real Application Clusters computing is a breakthrough technology.

The ability to dramatically scale an application without modification is an

invaluable new proposition.”

– Carl Olofson, IDC 2001


Oracle9i Real Application Clusters is designed for today’s most demanding deployments

– Server consolidation means very large user populations

– Critical e-business requires full time service– Rapid growth shortens capacity planning– Low Costs


Extends the Oracle9i Database to clustered systems

– High Availability– Scalability with Full Cache Fusion– Ease Consolidation

Identical functionality to a single instance of Oracle9i

– Improved Manageability

Real Application Clusters Architecture

Network

Low Latency InterconnectVIA or Proprietary

Users

No SinglePoint Of Failure

Centralized Management Console

High Speed Switch or Interconnect

ClusteredDatabase Servers

Hub or Switch Fabric

Storage Area Network

Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering

Mirrored Disk Subsystem

Database Challenges on Scalability

Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of applications

Scale workloads without limitsGrow storage easilyConsolidation with low costs

Cache Fusion Architecture

Full Cache Fusion– Cache-to-cache data

shipping – Shared cache

eliminatesslow I/O

– Enhanced IPCAllows flexibleand transparent deployment

Users

Shared CacheShared Cache

Cache FusionCache Fusion

Full Cache Fusion

DatabaseDatabase

Node A

Databasebuffers

Node B

Databasebuffers

RequestRequestData TransferData Transfer

Oracle9i Cache Fusion increases performance and scalability

– Data is shipped directly over high speed interconnect

– Minimize disk I/O

Cache Fusion ManagesInter Instance Block RequestsReaders and writers accessing instance A gain access to blocks in instance B’s buffer cacheAll types of block accessCoordination by Global Cache Service

ReadReadRead

Requestfor BlockCache A

RequestRequestfor Blockfor BlockCache ACache A

ReadReadRead

WriteWriteWrite

WriteWriteWrite

BlockBlockStatus inStatus inCache BCache B

ReadReadRead

ReadReadRead

WriteWriteWrite

WriteWriteWrite


Start small, grow incrementallyScalable AND highly availableAdd capacity on demand with zero downtime

Sharing Data AND Memory

DataDataAA--ZZ

Works with ALL applications

Before Consolidation Availability reliant on passive HWNo inherent scalabilityServer HW dedicated to application

ERPERP DWDW CRMCRMWebWeb

Consolidation with RAC

WebWeb

Complete availability…unlimited scalabilityServer HW shared between applications

ERPERP

CRMCRMDWDW

Pay and Scale Incrementally

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Months

100%

200%

300%W

o

r

k

l

o

d

World Record on Linux

138362

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Oracle IBM Microsoft

tpm

C

Won’t Say Can’t Say

Clustered TPC-C - 8 node, 32 Processors

Source - Transaction Processing Council. As of October 3, 2002: Oracle9i Database Release 2 with Real Application Clusters on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, HP ProLiant DL580R, with 32 Intel Pentium III 900 MHz processors, 138,362.025, $17.38/tpmC, (original publication date, 9-16-02) available 03/05/03

E-Business Suite 11i

1288

2296

4368

5433

6496

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Use

rs

1 Node 2 Nodes 5 Nodes4 Nodes 6 Nodes

Over 85% Scalability

Source: Oracle Internal Benchmark

SAP Parallel SD Benchmark

3640

6580

12000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1 Node 2 Nodes 4 Nodes

SD U

sers

SAP SD Scalability with Oracle9i RAC

Source: SAP Standard 4.6 C Application Benchmark; Certification # 2002029, 2002030 & 2002031; June 3, 2002www.sap.com/benchmark

Scalability on Intel

33000

66000

98000

128000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Use

rs

OLTP - Call Center Application1 Node 2 Nodes 4 Nodes3 Nodes

Source: http://cedar.intel.com/media/pdf/ss/oracle_perf.pdf.

Cost of SMP vs Clusters

# # ServersServers

Operating SystemOperating System

Processors/ServerProcessors/Server

ComponentComponent

Total CostTotal Cost

1132 @1.332 @1.3GhzGhz

AIX 5LAIX 5L

IBM IBM eServereServerpSeriespSeries 690 690

$1,250,000$1,250,000

Source: www.ibm.com

Memory/ServerMemory/Server 6464GbGb

884 @1.24 @1.2GhzGhz

AIX 5LAIX 5L

Cluster IBM Cluster IBM pSeriespSeries 650650

$431,960$431,960

88GbGb

884 @24 @2GhzGhz

RedHat RedHat ASAS

Intel/Linux Intel/Linux ClusterCluster

$232,664$232,664

Source: www.dell.com

88GbGb

Database Challenges on Availability

Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance downtime

Support mission-critical business operations

Server Availability Challenge

Server 1Instance ‘A’

Server is a SINGLE point of failure

DatabaseDatabase‘‘AA’’

Clusters without RAC

DatabaseDatabase


Server 2

Removes Server as SINGLE point of failure

Clusters with ‘Cold’ Failover

Server 1

Restart single instance on Server 2


DatabaseDatabase

Real Application Clusters


Server 2Instance ‘B’

DatabaseDatabase

SERVER failure - your database remains available Protect from SERVER failures

RAC vs ‘Cold’ Failover?

Failover OperationFailover Operation RACRAC ‘‘ColdCold’’

Restart OracleRestart OracleRecover OracleRecover Oracle

Warm Buffer CacheWarm Buffer CacheTotal Failover TimeTotal Failover Time

Failover Disk VolumesFailover Disk VolumesReconfigure Distributed LocksReconfigure Distributed Locks

Reconfigure Group MembershipReconfigure Group Membership

0 0 secsec20 20 secsec0 0 secsec

< 60 < 60 secsec

0 0 secsec5 5 secsec

15 15 secsec

Up to 5 minUp to 5 min20 20 secsec

10 + 10 + minmin> 35 > 35 minmin

Up to 20 minUp to 20 min0 0 secsec0 0 secsec

Federated DatabasesMaintenance problemsPerformance problems

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataFF--KK

DataDataLL--SS

DataDataTT--ZZ

Less reliable with more servers

Federated Databases

CREATE VIEW Customers ASSELECT * FROMServer1.TableOwner.Customers_33UNION ALLSELECT * FROMServer2.CompanyDatabase.TableOwner.Customers_66UNION ALLSELECT * FROMServer3.CompanyDatabase.TableOwner.Customers_77UNION ALL::

자료검색자료검색

A-E F-K L-P Q-S T-Z

What Happens When You Add a Node?

Code Changes & Service Down

Federated DatabasesFederated Databases Federated Databases

1. Add hardware1. Add hardware

Federated Databases

6. Re-define partitioned tables & indexes

2. Configure new instance2. Configure new instance

6. Re-define partitioned tables & indexes

7. Re-define triggers on partitioned

3. Create new database3. Create new database

7. Re-define triggers on partitioned

8. Re-define DPVs

4. Disconnect all users4. Disconnect all users

8. Re-define DPVs

5. Unload data from existing tables5. Unload data from existing tables

9. Reload the data to spread9. Reload the data to spread

10. Reconnect all users10. Reconnect all users

Oracle Support Distributed Database – Using Database Link– Using Partition View in Oracle7

(not Partition Table in Oracle9i)

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataFF--KK

DataDataLL--SS

DataDataTT--ZZ

This is not

Cluster Databases

Distributed Databases

"Technically, this setup isn't a true clustered implementation.

According to Microsoft, SQL Server won't support true clustering until the post-SQL Server 2000 release, code named Yukon."

– Michael Otey, SQL Server Magazine

Shared Nothing Databases

IBM’s Database Business (Source: Dataquest, May 2002)

– Mainframe & AS400 (63.3%)– Unix(18.8%)– Windows(18.2%)

IBM’s Cluster Databases– Sysplex on Mainframe(Shared Disk)– DB2 EEE on Unix(Shared Nothing)

Shared Nothing DatabasesMaintenance problemsLimited scalability for OLTP workloads

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataFF--KK

DataDataTT--ZZ

DataDataLL--SS

Shared Nothing DatabasesPartition Probes

– Query on partition key– Query on non-partition key

Query on Empname

Broadcast to all partitions

Query on Query on EmpnoEmpno

HashHash((EmpEmp#) #)

modulo 1modulo 1


modulo 2modulo 2


modulo 4modulo 4


modulo 3modulo 3

Shared Nothing DatabasesFailure on Primary Node of Disk

– Mounting Disk on secondaty node– Starting Engine on secondary node

INSTANCE1

DataDataFF--KK

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataLL--SS

DataDataTT--ZZ

INSTANCE1INSTANCE1 INSTANCE2 INSTANCE3 INSTANCE4

Shared Nothing DatabasesFailure on Primary & Secondary Nodes of Disk

– Service down (don’t use data in disk)

DataDataAA--EE

DataDataFF--KK

Do not Use DataDataLL--SS

DataDataTT--ZZ

INSTANCE1 INSTANCE2INSTANCE1INSTANCE1 INSTANCE3 INSTANCE4


Shared Nothing DatabasesShared Nothing Databases


2. Configure new partition (set partition-specific parameters, etc.)2. Configure new partition (set partition-specific parameters, etc.)

3. Redistribute the data to spread it across a larger number of partitions3. Redistribute the data to spread it across a larger number of partitions

Redistributing the data in a DB2 EEE system involves DBA work and Downtime for the database.

Redistributing the data in a DB2 EEE system involves DBA work and Downtime for the database.

Service Down

Shared Cache DatabasesAvailability AND scalabilityMaintained like a single database

DataDataAA--ZZ

More reliable with more servers100% 100% 100% 100% 133% 133% 134% 200% 200% 400%


Shared Nothing DatabasesShared Nothing Databases


2. Configure new instance (set instance-specific parameters, etc.) 2. Configure new instance (set instance-specific parameters, etc.)

No Service Down

What about the Competition?

Clustered FeatureClustered Feature Oracle9Oracle9ii IBMIBMDB2DB2

MicrosoftMicrosoftSS2000SS2000

Support for ALL ApplicationsSupport for ALL ApplicationsMultiple Platform SupportMultiple Platform Support

Availability AND Scalability for OLTPAvailability AND Scalability for OLTPCluster File System SupportCluster File System Support

Add Nodes without DowntimeAdd Nodes without Downtime

Automatic User ReAutomatic User Re--ConnectionConnectionTransparent Application FailoverTransparent Application Failover

SubSub--Minute System FailoverMinute System Failover

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes

YesYesYesYesYesYes

NoNo NoNoLimitedLimited NoNo

NoNo NoNoLimitedLimited NoNo

NoNo NoNo

YesYes NoNoNoNo NoNoNoNo NoNo

Database Challenges on Manageability

Create one virtual system to configure and manageSingle system image for the database integrated with the cluster

Oracle’s Manageability Vision

“..to minimize management costs by delivering fully adaptive and completely

self-managing systems.”

Real Application Clusters Manageability

Single system Image – Single Oracle Database – One virtual system to configure and manage– Single management console

Cluster-wide monitoring and diagnostics

Oracle 9i Database – Reduce DBA Time by 40%

Tota

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Man

agem

ent

Tuni

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Mon

itorin

g an

dDi

agno

stic

s

Conf

igur

atio

n

Trai

ning

etc

.

Oracle9i

Oracle8i0

1

2

3

4

5DB

A Da

ys P

er W

eek

Oracle9i Database – Easier To Manage Even At Low End

Resume from “out-of-space” Errors

Recover from Human Errors

Self-identified Unused Indexes

Row Size not Limited by Block Size

Parameters Dynamically Changeable

Health Check Overview and Reports

Resume from Resume from ““outout--ofof--spacespace”” ErrorsErrors

Recover from Human ErrorsRecover from Human Errors

SelfSelf--identified Unused Indexes identified Unused Indexes

Row Size not Limited by Block SizeRow Size not Limited by Block Size

Parameters Dynamically ChangeableParameters Dynamically Changeable

Health Check Overview and Reports Health Check Overview and Reports

Yes

Yes

YesYes YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

Yes Yes

YesYes

YesYes

No

NoNoNoNoNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

No

No

NoNo

YesNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

NoNo

YesYes

NoNo

Simplified DBA TasksSimplified DBA Tasks Oracle9Oracle9ii IBMIBMDB2DB2

MicrosoftMicrosoftSS2000SS2000

“Using Real Application Clusters, people are able to accomplish the kind of scaleability

that they used to have to resort to high-end SMP systems for, using inexpensive

commodity servers on Intel processors.”

– Carl Olofson, IDC 2002

Oracle9i RAC Customers

SK텔레콤 – IBM포스코 – Linux포스데이타 – Linux삼성전자 - Sun교육인적자원부 – Sun대한항공 – HP동주산업 – Win2K정보통신부 – IBM하이트맥주 – Win2K철도청 - Sun단국대병원 – HP소니코리아 - Linux

한국투자신탁증권 - HP메리츠증권 - Sun외환은행 – Fujitsu금융결제원 - Sun대한생명 - HPCJ투자신탁증권 - IBM기업은행- IBM서울보증보험 - IBM국민은행 – HPKT - HPLG텔레콤 - HP

Oracle9i RAC CustomersUPS - SunFAA - LinuxLycos Europe – Tru64Dell Global IT - LinuxElectronic Arts - LinuxBritish Telecom - SunSiemens ICM - SunAxciom – Tru64NRW (German) Police -LinuxCern – LinuxEllis Island – LinuxProLogis - Win2K

GM Vector SCM - AIXAustrian Railways – Tru64Freemarkets.com – Tru64Gas Authority of India (GAIL) -SunGreen Mountain Power –Tru64Nordac – Tru64Transports Mesguen – Tru64SITA – OS390Lithonia Lighting - LinuxOracle Global eMail - HPUXOracle GSI – HPUXDIPS - Win2K

Oracle9i RAC Customers

www.oracle.com/customers

For More Information

www.oracle.com/clusters

Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N SA N S W E R SA N S W E R S

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