Oracle9i New Features

Donald K. Burleson

Books by Donald K. Burleson

Editor-in-Chief ofOracle Internals

Oracle Training by Don Burleson

www.guidehorse.org

Syllabus

Syllabus:– dba-oracle.com/cou_9i_new.htm

Class schema:

– dba-oracle/com/ppt/pubsdb.ppt

Syllabus – Day 1New Administration Features

2 – Oracle9i managed files (OMF)Oracle9i db_create_file_dest parameter

Exercise – Create Oracle9i OMF tablespaces and data files.2 – Oracle9i online reorg

Exercise – Online reorg for pubs database3 – Oracle9i Multiple blocksizes

Exercise – Create tablespaces with multiple blocksizes4 – Oracle9i SGA memory management

Pga_aggregate_target5 – Oracle9i Automated undo management5 - Oracle9i Resumable space management5 - Managing spfiles in Oracle9i 6 - Oracle9i Virtual private databases6 - Oracle9i Fine-grained auditing6 - Oracle9i Database flash freeze

Syllabus – Day 2Oracle9i Architecture Changes

1 - Oracle9i Flashback query Exercise – Enable and use flashback query

2 - Oracle9i Logminer3 - Oracle9i Fast-start recovery3 - New Oracle9i RMAN features3 - Oracle9i Data Guard4&5 - Object/relational enhancements in Oracle9i

Inheritance, ADTsExercise – Create an ADT

Oracle9i VLDB features

6 - Oracle9i Multi-table insertsExercise – Create multi-table inserts6 - Oracle9i Merge statements - Upserts6 - Oracle9i Parallel direct load changes

6 - Oracle9i list partitioning

Syllabus – Day 3Oracle9i SQL

1 - Oracle9i CASE statement1 – Oracle9i Explicit defaults1 – Oracle9i Scalar subqueries1 - New joins – cross join, natural join, using and on1 - Oracle9i Left and right outer joins

Exercise – Perform Oracle9i joins in SQL2 - Oracle9i Explicit column value defaults2 - Oracle9i New date time BIFs2 – Oracle9i External tables

Exercise – create an external table

Oracle9i PL/SQL

3 - Oracle9i Compiled PL/SQL3 - Oracle9i Common SQL parser3 - Oracle9i cookie support3 - Oracle9i PL/SQL Inheritance support3 - Oracle9i New PL/SQL datatypes

Syllabus – Day 3 ctd.New SQL optimization

4 – Oracle9i Index skip scanExercise – show index skip scan in action

4 - Oracle9i Index-only scans on FBIsExercise – show index-only FBI scan

4 - New Oracle9i first_rows_n optimization

5 - New Oracle9i execution plan columns5 - New Oracle9i statistics gathering5 - Oracle9i in-memory execution plans in v$sql_plan

Exercise – Join v$sql_plan and v$session5 - Improved Oracle9i cursor sharing with peeking

RAC and TAF

6 - Evolution of OPS into RAC6 - Oracle9i Cache fusion architecture6 - Using Oracle9i TAF with RAC

Best Enhancements

Automatic segment free space management Multiple block sizes by tablespace 9i Data Guard and enhanced standby features Export and import enhancements Memory management Partitioning enhancements External tables Multi-table insert Upsert Oracle Managed Files Automatic undo management

Automatic Free Space Management

Traditional freelists and freelist groups have always been a nightmare

Block ID’s placed on the free list when their pctused falls below the container’s pctused value

Nightmare even worse when pctfree will not allow block to accommodate another row

Only available with locally managed tablespaces

Bitmaps describe the space usage of each block within a segment

No more contention on segment headers

create tablespace problem datafile'/u01/oradata/corp/problem01.dbf'size 1200m extent management local

segment space management auto;

Automatic Free Space Management

Multiple block size

Instance default defined by db_block_size

Separate cache for each– Must be pre-defined for non-default block-

sized tablespaces– db_2k_cache_size . . db_32k_cache_size

Up to 5 different cache configurations Change requires a bounce

9i Data Guard / Standby Database

Enterprise Edition mandatory Standby need not be “sacrificed” when

activated Specify time delay for transporting

changes to standby site(s)– More protection– Standby in pre-error state

Automatic datafile creation on standby

9i Data Guard / Standby Database• Primary becomes standby

alter database commit to switchover to standby;shutdown immediate;startup nomountalter database mount standby database;alter database recover managed standby database;

• Standby becomes primaryalter database commit to switchover to primary;shutdown immediate;startup

Export and Import Enhancements resumable suspends a transaction for a

resumable_timeout period (default 2 hours)

tables enhanced to support pattern matching

– Wild card support– Table names upper case

tablespaces– List according to standard formatting– Indexes automatically extracted

Export and Import Enhancements

statistics {estimate|compute|none} for export

statistics {always|none|safe|recalculate} for import

– Helpful in rule-based environments– Can reduce import run time

Dynamic SGA Memory Management

Resizable db_cache_size and shared_pool_size with caveats, mainly

ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache

Buffer cache advisory– alter system set db_cache_advice = {on|

off|ready}– Results stored in v$db_cache_advice– Predicts table miss rates for sizes between

10% and 200% of current size

Partitioning Enhancements

List partitioning solves “almost all” the short-comings of range-based

Ascending partition key column values can lead to poor distribution

create table account (id number . . . . . . location varchar2(2))partition by list (location)(partition other values ('NF','NS','NB','PE','MB','SK','AB','BC'), partition ontario values ('ON'), partition quebec values ('QC'), partition unknown values (null));

Partitioning Enhancements

Maintenance of global indexes– Add update global indexes to partition

maintenance– add, drop, move , truncate, split, merge,

exchange, coalesce (iot’s)

Index rebuild still recommended if– Row count is >~ 200,000)– Data can be unavailable (woo)

External Tables

Filesystem based storage– Day-to-day operations– Load into the warehouse

SQL*Loader syntax Perfect for read-only data No longer need to stage data in the

database

External Tables NFS mount makes available to multiple servers

SQL> create or replace directory staging as 2 '/d0/wdata/stage';

Directory created.

SQL> create table relations_ext 2 (first_name varchar2(20), 3 last_name varchar2(20), 4 relationship varchar2(20)) 5 organization external 6 (type oracle_loader default directory staging 7 access parameters 8 (records delimited by newline badfile 'reln.bad'9 discardfile

'reln.dsc' logfile 'reln.log' 10 fields delimited by '^^%^^ ' 11 (first_name char, 12 last_name char, 13 relationship char)) 14 location ('reln.txt')) 15 reject limit unlimited;

Table created.

Multiple table insert

Parcel into a single unit of work No need to

– re-summarize– re-sort– re-group– re-transform

Distribute data based on logical attributes of new rows

Upsert

Using merge keyword Conditional insert or update depending on row

existence Careful selection of equating columns

merge into sales s using sales_tornt st on (s.cust_id = st.cust_id)when matched then update set tvol = st.tvol, tsales =

st.tsaleswhen not matched then insert (s.cust_id,s.cust_loc,s.tvol,s.tord_sum) values (st.cust_id,st.cust_loc,st.tvol,st.tord_sum);

Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

db_create_file_dest

db create_online_log_dest

All you DON’T want in a database at your fingertips

– cryptic file names– 100m default size– autoexensible

Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

system01.dbf

Becomes:

ora_xty6677.ora

Automatic undo management

undo_tablespace undo_management = auto undo_retention = {seconds with 900

default} Need not be using OMF Are you a fan of optimal? Turnkey undo configuration via Oracle

Enterprise Manager

Current Books by Don Burleson

My web site: www.dba-oracle.com

E-mail me at : Don@Burleson.cc