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Transcript of OR PPT NIHAL PATHAN
7/17/2019 OR PPT NIHAL PATHAN
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IN TRO D U CTIO N TO O PERATIO N RESEARCH
N AM E:-N IH AL PATH AN
BBA-3
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Overview
Operational Researchis the scientifc study ooperations or thepurpose o making better
decisions.
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Overview
It is a discipline that deals withapplication o advanced analytical
methods to acilitate betterdecisions .
It represents the study o optimalresource allocation.
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Overview
In simple terms, it isdescribed as
“the science ofbetter” .
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Overview
Modern synonyms or OperationalResearch are
Management Science or DecisionScience.
It is oten considered to be a subfeld o mathematics.
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!ut now a days the principlesand techniques o
Operational Research arebeing applied in every feld ohuman research and
development including HealthCare Sciences.
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History
Operational Research has beene"isted as a science since #$%&'s.
!ut as a ormal disciplineOperational Research
originated by the e(orts omilitary planner duringWorld War II .
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History
)he analytical study omilitary problems was
undertaken to providescientifc basis or
decisions to improvemilitar operations.
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History
In the decade ater World
War!II the techni*ues beganto be applied more widely inproblems o business,
industries and societies.
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History
+ince the time OperationalResearch has e"panded into a
feld widely used in industriesranging rom petro!chemical toairlines" #nances" logistics and
go$ernment. %o& it has become an area of
acti$e academic and industrial
research.
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History
)he techni*ues o OperationalResearch have been applied andproven in many industries underdi(erent names.
or instance -
'ean/ in manufacturing.
'+upply 0hain/ in logisticsand
'1ield Management/ in
airlines.
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DEFINITION
'Operational Research is the
scienti#c stud of operations
for the purpose of ma(ingbetter decisions.”
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O BJECTIVES
O F
O PERATIO N AL
RESEARCH
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Objectives
2ecision making and improve its*uality.
Identiy optimum solution. Integrating the systems.
Improve the ob3ectivity o analysis.
Minimi4e the cost and ma"imi4e theproft.
Improve the productivity.
+uccess in competition and marketleadershi .
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Objectives
)he intent o Operational Researchis
to learn about management andadministration o socioculturalbehavior and economic actors thate"ist as bottleneck to e(ective
implementation and to develop more e(ective
approaches to the programming.
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SCO PE O F O PERATIO N AL
RESEARCH
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Scope of Operational Researc
#.5ational plans and budget.
6.7overnment development and public
sector unit.%.Industrial establishment and privatesector unit.
8.!usiness management.
9.:griculture and irrigation pro3ects.
;.<ducation and training.
=. )ransport and communication.
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M ETH O D S O F O PERATIO N AL
RESEARCH
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! eto"s
2espite the number o technical labels like
linear and non linear programming, multicriteria decision analysis,
discreteevent simulation,
*ueuing and stochastic processmodeling,
con3oint analysis or neural networking.
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! ETHODS
Most pro3ects o OperationalResearch apply one o three broadgroups o methods -
#.+imulationmethods.
6.Optimi4ationmethods.
%.2ataanalysis
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#$Si% &lation % eto"
It gives ability to conductsensitive study to
>a?. search orimprovements and
>b?. test the improvementideas that are being made.
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'$Opti% i(ation % eto"s
@ere goal is to enable thedecision makers to identiy
and locate the very bestchoice, where innumerableeasible choices are available
and comparing them isdiAcult.
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)$Data*analysis % eto"s
)he goal is to aid the decisionmakerin detecting actual patterns andinterconnections in the data set and
Bse o this analysis or makingsolutions.
)his method is very useul in Cublic@ealth.
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O PERATIO N AL RESEARCH
PRO CESS
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+rocess
#. Identifcation o program problem.
6. Identifcation o possible reasons
and solutions .%. )esting o potential solution.
8. Results utili4ation.
9. Results dissemination.
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#$I"entification of te pro,ra% proble%
Most critical step in the process.
Bnless problem is clearly defned it isimpossible to develop goodsolutions.
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'$I"entification of possible reasons an"sol&tions
Once the problem has been
identifed , it is the 3ob o theprogram implementer andresearcher to determine the reasonsor the problem and generate
possible solutions.
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)$Testin, of potential sol&tion
: good solution must be measurable,easy to implement and sustainable.
)o determine e(ectiveness o proposed
solution two designs are used
>a? *uasie"perimental design.
comparison o situations beore and ater
the solution. >b? true e"periment.
comparison o outcome betweene"perimental and control groups.
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-$Res< &tili(ation
It is necessary to decide how its
results are meant to be used.
)his determine to some e"tent thatwhat inormation should becollected.
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.$Res<s "isse% ination
Results dissemination aredone in the orm o seminarsor by meeting with decisionmakers.
PRO CESS O F O PERATIO N AL
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PRO CESS O F O PERATIO N AL
RESEARCH
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/oncl&sions
Operational Research needs to beintegrated as an essential part omonitoring and e$aluation e(orts inCublic @eath.
)hus concept o M’OR’E couldbecome a new paradigm or
enhancing the practice o integrated monitoring and e$aluationdimensions as one common
component into program