Option A: Human nutrition and health (15 hours)

http://dickinsonn.ism-online.org/tag/health/

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Topics covered• A1: Components of the human diet

– Nutrients needed in the diet– Deficiency diseases– Fatty Acids– Vitamins and minerals– Fibre

• A2: Energy in Human Diets– Sources of energy– Identifying eating disorders – obesity and anorexia

• A3: Special issues in Human nutrition– Breast-feeding– Diabetes– Vegetarians / Vegans– Low cholesterol diets– Food miles

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How to use this PowerPoint

• The majority of this PowerPoint is aimed for you to complete the study on your own in your notebook. USE YOUR TEXT BOOKS!

• Instructions that are in red refer to what I expect to see in your notebook. Any extra information is fantastic!

NutrientsA nutrient is a chemical substance found in foods that is used in the human body (it needs it for functioning).

Given the right raw materials, the human body can manufacture many useful chemicals from breaking down

and reassembling other chemicals.

A.1.1 Define nutrient.

QuestionsResearch and answer these questions in full sentences:• What are essential nutrients?• Give 2 examples of essential amino acids• Give 2 examples of essential fatty acids• Give 2 examples of essential minerals• Give 2 examples of essential Vitamins• Why is water so important in the diet?• What are non-essential amino acids? • Give 2 examples of non-essential aminoacids.

A.1.2 List the type of nutrients that are essential in the human diet, including amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and water.

A.1.3 State that non-essential amino acids can be synthesized in the body from other nutrients

Malnutrition

There are 3 main kinds of malnutrition:• Not enough food• Too much food• Not the right type of food

All can lead to health problems.

Kwashiorkor

• These children are suffering from Kwashiorkor – protein deficiency.

• Explain why they have swollen abdomens.

A.1.4 Outline the consequences of protein deficiency malnutrition.

PKU: Phenylketonuria

Research and answer the following questions in detail and in full sentences:

1. What causes PKU?2. What enzyme are sufferers of PKU unable to

produce? What are the consequences of this (explain in full)?

3. How can PKU be controlled by early diagnosis?4. How can PKU be controlled by diet?

A.1.5 Explain the causes and consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU) and how early diagnosis and a special diet can reduce the consequences.

Fatty Acids

Name Diagram of structure

Description of structure

Foods that contain them

Health implications

Saturated fatty acidsCis unsaturated fatty acidsTrans unsaturated fatty acidsMono unsaturated fatty acidsPoly unsaturated fatty acids

Copy and complete this table to outline the differences between the different structures of fatty acids (Include omega-3 fatty acids)

A.1.6 Outline the variation in the molecular structure of fatty acids, including saturated fatty acids, cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.