Optimizing care of rheumatology patients in the primary ... · • Goodman et al. 2017 American...
Transcript of Optimizing care of rheumatology patients in the primary ... · • Goodman et al. 2017 American...
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Optimizing care of rheumatology patients in the primary care setting
Jennifer Stichman, MDDenver Health Medical Center
ACP February 2019
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Disclosures
• I am a secret procrastinator
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Off Label
• I am going to discuss potential off-label use of vaccines
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Learning Objectives
• managing hormonal therapies in post-menopausal women with autoimmune disease
• managing immunosuppression perioperatively
• managing steroids perioperatively
• managing infections in patients on immunosuppression
• managing immunosuppression in patients with infections
• vaccinating patients with autoimmune disease
At the end of this talk, participants will have increased skill and confidence :
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Learning Objectives
• Manage hormonal therapies in post-menopausal women with autoimmune disease
• Manage immunosuppression perioperatively
• Manage steroids perioperatively
• Manage infections in patients on immunosuppression
• Manage immunosuppression in patients with infections
• Vaccinate patients with autoimmune disease
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LS
53yo African American woman, with SLE in remission, with hot flashes
• Dx age 22 (late ’80s)• 2010 – lost insurance, stopped
meds• 2012 – admit DH • nephrotic range proteinuria,
renal biopsy showed class V disease (membranous nephropathy), rash, hypocomplementemia
• Treated with AZA, steroids, HCQ• In remission/low disease
activity since 2013
SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; DH = Denver HealthAZA = azathioprine; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine
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LS
1Zard Autoimmune Rev 2014
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ASR: How to treat her hot flashes?
A. Systemic estrogen
B. Duloxetine
C. Gabapentin
D. Need more data
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ASR: Which of the following is most important to inform treatment choice?
A. Repeat ANA, SSA
B. Anti-cardiolipin and anti-B2 glycoprotein antibodies, with lupus anti-coagulant
C. Bone density test results
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Which of the following is most important to inform treatment choice?
A. Repeat ANA, SSA
B. Anti-cardiolipin and anti-B2 glycoprotein antibodies, with lupus anti-coagulant
C. Bone density test results
1West Rheum Secrets 20152Lateef J Autoimmun 2012
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Which of the following is most important to inform treatment choice?
A. Repeat ANA, SSA
B. Anti-cardiolipin and anti-B2 glycoprotein antibodies, with lupus anti-coagulant
C. Bone density test results
Lateef J Autoimmun 2012
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LS
Please see slide at presentation
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Let’s parse these treatment options
A. Systemic estrogen
B. Duloxetine
C. Gabapentin
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Let’s parse these options
A. Systemic estrogen
B. Duloxetine
C. Gabapentin
Lateef J Autoimmun 2012Petri NEJM 2005 LAC = lupus anticoagulant
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Let’s parse these options
A. Systemic estrogen
B. Duloxetine
C. Gabapentin
Wang Pain Med 20151
Palagini Lupus 20132
Freeman Arch Gen Psych 20063
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Let’s parse these options
A. Systemic estrogen
B. Duloxetine
C. Gabapentin
Dimitroulas Sem Arthritis Rheum 2014
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ASR: If she were pre-menopausal what contraception would you recommend?
A. Combined oral contraceptive
B. Barrier method only
C. Progesterone releasing IUD
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Contraception in SLE
• Pregnancy should be planned, so contraception is paramount
• DepoProvera associated with reversible low BMD• Implants are often the easiest LARC option inpatient
when urgent- eg starting cyclophosphamide • Progesterone releasing IUD often the preferred option• Copper IUD okay, but given association with increased
bleeding can be an issue with anemia, thrombocytopenia
• Avoid estrogen in the presence of APLA regardless of thrombotic history
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Please see slide at presentation
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Learning Objectives
• Manage hormonal therapies in post-menopausal women with autoimmune disease
• Manage immunosuppression perioperatively
• Manage steroids perioperatively
• Manage immunosuppression in patients with infections
• Manage infections in patients on immunosuppression
• Vaccinate patients with autoimmune disease
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LS
Nevskaya Clin Exp Rheum 2017Gladman Lupus 2018
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AVN in lupus
Nevskaya Clin Exp Rheum 2017
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What should we do with her immunosuppression?
A. Stop AZA one week prior to surgery
B. Stop AZA one day prior to surgery
C. Continue AZA without adjustment
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Perioperative medication management
Goodman Arthritis Rheum 2017
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Goodman Arthritis Rheum 2017
Perioperative medication management
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Goodman Arthritis Rheum 2017
Perioperative medication management
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What should we do with her immunosuppression?
A. Stop azathioprine (AZA) one week prior to surgery
B. Stop AZA one day prior to surgery
C. Continue AZA without adjustment
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What should we do with her immunosuppression?
Goodman Arthritis Rheum 2017
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Perioperative steroid management
Hamrahian UpToDate 2018
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Hamrahian UpToDate 2018
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Perioperative steroid management
Hamrahian UpToDate 2018
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https://www.cdc.gov/features/blood-clot-awareness/index.html
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Lee & Pope Arthritis Res Ther 2014
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Falck-Ytter Chest 2012
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VTE prophylaxis for LS
Falck-Ytter Chest 2012
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Arthroplasty in SLE
Kasturi Curr Rheum Rep 2016
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Learning Objectives
• managing hormonal therapies in post-menopausal women with autoimmune disease
• managing immunosuppression perioperatively
• managing steroids perioperatively
• managing infections in patients on immunosuppression
• managing immunosuppression in patients with infections
• vaccinating patients with autoimmune disease
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LS
Returns, for evaluation of 48 hours of dysuria.
• Current meds : AZA 125mg (2.5mg/kg), HCQ 200mg (4mg/kg)
• No recent antibiotics or steroids
• Afebrile, non-toxic appearing, no CVA tenderness
• UA is notable for positive nitrites, 50-100 wbcs, no squamous epithelial cells
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ASR: Which of the following treatment regimens would you use?
A. nitrofurantoin 100 mg po bid x 5 days
B. cefdinir 300 PO BID X 5 days
C. TMP-SMX DS 1 tab PO BID x 5 days
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Why not nitrofurantoin?
A. nitrofurantoin 100 mg po bid x 5 days
B. cefdinir 300 PO BID X 5 days
C. TMP-SMX DS 1 tab PO BID x 5 days
Complicated cystitis due to her
immunosuppression
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Why not TMP-SMX?
A. nitrofurantoin 100 mg po bid x 5 days
B. cefdinir 300 PO BID X 5 days
C. TMP-SMX DS 1 tab PO BID x 5 days
sulfa increases sun sensitivity, may
cause leukopenia, and increase flare
risk
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Why cefdinir?
A. nitrofurantoin 100 mg po bid x 5 days
B. cefdinir 300 PO BID X 5 days
C. TMP-SMX DS 1 tab PO BID x 5 days
Variety of optionsNot sulfa
Treat complicated infectionIncorporate local antibiogram and other
patient factors
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What should we do with her lupus meds?
Continue HCQ and
A. Continue AZA
B. Hold AZA
C. It depends on diagnosis, disease severity, infection severity
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Medication Adjustment in Infection
• hydroxychloroquine can typically be continued
• leflunomide can be stopped but takes months to clear – so will still be affecting patient
• prednisone should not be stopped due to risk of (relative) adrenal insufficiency
• In severe disease, or for patients on high dose steroids, please call to discuss
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Medication Adjustment in Infection
• Biologics always get held for serious infection
• I hold biologics for any infection requiring antibiotics
• If a patient is on tocilizumab (for rheumatoid arthritis) c-reactive protein is unreliable
• Tofacitinib especially associated with zoster reactivation
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Learning Objectives
• managing hormonal therapies in post-menopausal women with autoimmune disease
• managing immunosuppression perioperatively
• managing steroids perioperatively
• managing infections in patients on immunosuppression
• managing immunosuppression in patients with infections
• vaccinating patients with autoimmune disease
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LS
Returns. Dysuria has resolved. She is doing well, remains on her maintenance medication regimen of AZA 125mg (2.5mg/kg), HCQ
200mg (4mg/kg)
Also, she knows it is October and is ready to
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LS
• Does she need other vaccines?
• Are there vaccines she should avoid?
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Considerations in vaccination
ACIP General Best Guidance for Immunization: Altered Immunocompetence
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Garg Autoimmun Rev 2018Kroger accessed at CDC.gov
Vaccinations – inactivated vaccines
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Pneumococcal Recommendations for Adult 19-64 with certain medical
conditions
Slide from Dr. Laura Hurley
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Vaccination
Patients with SLE can have
functional asplenia
Barber Curr Opin Rheum 2011
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Vaccination in SLE – HPV
Zard Autoimmun Rev 2014
HPV = human papilloma virus
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Vaccination – herpes zoster (HZ)
• Patients with SLE are at increased risk for HZ independent of immunosuppression
• Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk for HZ independent of immunosuppression
• Immunosuppression also increases risk for HZ
• Certain meds profoundly so – notably tofacitinib (JAK-STAT inhibitor used in RA)
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Vaccination – herpes zoster (HZ)
Dooling MMWR 2018Clinical Review SHINGRIX 2017
Garg Autoimmun Rev 2018
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Vaccination – live vaccines?
YES – LOW DOSE IMMUNOSUPPRESION
• chronic prednisone < 20 mg daily
• low-dose methotrexate ≤0.4 mg/kg/week)
• Azathioprine ≤3.0 mg/kg/day
• 6-mercaptopurine ≤1.5 mg/kg/day
NO – MODERATE TO HIGH DOSE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
• chronic daily prednisone ≥ 20 mg daily
• mycophenolate mofetil
• cyclophosphamide
• biologic therapies
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Vaccination – live vaccines?
• MMR
• varicella
• LAZV aka Zostavax
• Oral typhoid (live attenuated)
• Yellow fever
MODERATE TO HIGH DOSE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
• chronic daily prednisone ≥ 20 mg daily
• mycophenolate mofetil
• cyclophosphamide
• biologic therapies
LAZV = live attenuated zoster vaccine
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Summary
• Know APL status prior to use of estrogen
• Systemic estrogen can be used in SLE in remission in absence of APL
• Access guidelines for peri-operative management of immunosuppression
• Consider immunosuppressed status when treating infections
• Consider immunosuppressed status when vaccinating
Credit: Photowitch | Dreamstime.com
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References • CDC Vaccine Recommendations in Altered Immunocompetence [Internet]. [accessed 11 Nov 2018];Available from:
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/immunocompetence.htm
• Dimitroulas T et al. Neuropathic pain in osteoarthritis: a review of pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014 Oct;44(2):145-54.
• Dooling KL, Guo A, Patel M, et al. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Herpes Zoster Vaccines. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:103–108.
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Extra Slides & Tables
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Contraception in SLE
• Pregnancy should be planned, so contraception is paramount
• DepoProvera associated with reversible low BMD• Implants are often the easiest LARC option inpatient
when urgent eg starting cyclophosphamide • Progesterone releasing IUD often the preferred option• Copper IUD okay, but given association with increased
bleeding can be an issue with anemia, thrombocytopenia
• Avoid estrogen in the presence of APLA regardless of thrombotic history
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Goodman Arthritis Rheum 2017
Perioperative medication management
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Effects of medications on vaccines
Friedman Rheum Dis Clin N Am 2017