Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical...

20
Optical voltage and current Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for Digital Substation applications Digital Substation applications © “MarsEnergo”, St. Petersburg, 2015

Transcript of Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical...

Page 1: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Optical voltage and currentOptical voltage and current instrument transducers for Digital Substation applicationsDigital Substation applications

© “Mars‐Energo”, St. Petersburg, 2015

Page 2: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter
Page 3: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Replacement of conventional equipment is a must

3

Development of Smart Grids and Digital Substations –p ghow these changes will affect substation infrastructure?Conventional analogue‐type systems (current and voltage transformer installations, meter reading systems, protection and automation systems etc.) will need to be replaced with digital alternatives.

f d l ( l d d l )Basic requirements for digital equipment (including current and voltage sensors):High speed of operation; extended frequency range (up to 6 kHz);Excellent overload capabilities; wide operating range;No effect of short‐circuits;High performance electrical insulation considering compact design;High‐performance electrical insulation considering compact design;Light weight; simple installation;Excellent fire protection and ecological characteristics.

Current sensors of Rogowsky or magnetotransistortype and voltage sensors based on capacitive and resistive dividers are good alternatives to conventional transformers (mainly to electromagnetic ones). 

However, it is sensors of optical type that haveHowever, it is sensors of optical type that have been recognized as having the best market potential.

Page 4: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Implementation challenges of optical transformers(especially rated below 35 kV)(especially rated below 35 kV)4

Shi ld

High production cost of optical voltage transformers (based on Pockels effect) resulting from some technical and technological  issues considerably limits their wide use.

ShieldsDespite this fact,  optical voltage transformers rated at 110 kV have already become commercially available. This can be explained by balancing of their initially high cost by lower costs of installation Pockels 

sensors

initially high cost by lower costs of installation (compared to conventional VTs).

However such a benefit may only be achieved at a level of 110 kV or above. 

Optical voltage instrument

That’s most likely why optical transformers rated  at 35 kV (or below) have not gained a widespread use in electric energy industry up to now.  

instrument transformer 

Unom = 110÷750 kV

Page 5: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Magneto‐optical instrument current transducer and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducerand electro optical instrument voltage transducer 5

To bridge the gap, Mars‐Energo has started development of an optical voltage transducer rated at 35 kV or below and optical current transducer that combine simple and compact design with reasonable price. Here are the results:

Electro‐optical instrument voltage transducerb d ff t

Magneto‐optical instrument current transducer 

based on effect of electro‐gyration

based on Faraday effect

Page 6: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Magneto‐optical instrument current transducer and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducerp g

6

Bl k di f U i lBlock diagram of Universal Measurement Converter

Two fiber optic guides)provide 

Magneto‐optical (Faraday) cell for current measurements or electro‐optical (electro‐gyration) cell  p

‐ Optical connection between optical sensors and electronic unit;

‐ Galvanic isolation between high‐potential

for voltage measurements located on high‐potential side

between high potential and low‐potential sides

Electronic unit) located on low‐potential side

A simplified block diagram of the Universal Measurement Converter is shown in the figure. 

d h l (Depending on the optical sensor in use (magneto‐or electro‐optical cell), the Converter can be used for voltage or current measurements.

Page 7: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generation Magneto‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Current Transducer MOT‐ME‐5g p

7

PurposeThe  purpose of the Transducer is to convert instantaneous values of primary (high) AC or pulse current into the proportional values of secondary (low) current or into SV (Sampled value) data.  Based on magneto‐optical (Faraday) effect, it consists of an optical sensor (Faraday cell) and optoelectronic unit. 

Operating principle

D i

1Operating principleThe Faraday effect is a magneto‐optical phenomenon of altering the polarization plane of linearly polarized light when the light beam travels through a medium in a magnetic field.  

Design:1. Four prisms located in sequence along the optical path of the light make up an optical sensor. The prisms made of conventional diamagnetic glass form a close loop around the current carrying

1

form a close loop around the current carrying conductor. 

2. Polarizers are integrated in the prisms. 

Benefits:1. Low noise level2. Simple design of optoelectronic unit

2

Faraday cell

Page 8: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generation Magneto‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Current Transducer MOT‐ME‐5Magneto optical instrument AC and Pulse Current Transducer MOT ME 5

Specifications of the prototype

8

Preliminary test resultsp p ypCurrent measurement range

0.1 …6 kAwith permissible short‐term overload of 100 kA

Operating 1 Hz 10 kHz

yTests were carried out in the lab (under calibration conditions) 

1 2

Ratio error 

frequency1 Hz … 10 kHz

Ratio measurement error, Δf

0.2…0.5 %

Angle

Δf, %

0,40,60,8

11,2

Angle measurement error, Δδ

2’I, А0

0,2

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Angle errorBlock diagram of Current Transducer

1

2

gΔδ, m

ing

00 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

I, А

Δ

Page 9: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generation Magneto‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Current Transducer MOT‐ME‐5Magneto optical instrument AC and Pulse Current Transducer MOT ME 5

9

Reference tcurrent 

transformerSource of current

Optical current 

transducerI = 5 kAInom = 5 kA

Optoelectronic unit

Page 10: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generationElectro‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Voltage Transducer ELT ME 35 100ELT‐ME‐35, 100

10

PurposeThe  purpose of the Transducer is to convert instantaneous values of primary (high) AC or pulse voltage into the proportional values of secondary (low) voltage or into SV (Sampled value) data.  Its operation is based on electro‐optical effect of electro‐gyration.electro gyration.

Operating principleThe electro‐gyration effect is a phenomenon of a change in optical activity of centrosymmetric

Workpiece for producing 

change in optical activity of centrosymmetric crystals under an external electric field induced by the measured voltage.

crystal of required length

Page 11: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Electro‐optical effect of electro‐gyration50 years later50 years later

11

History of discoveries

1845 1893 19641845 1893 1964

Longitudinal Linear electro‐optic Effect of electro‐gyration wasLongitudinal magneto‐optic  effect was discovered by 

Faraday

Linear electro‐optic effect was discovered 

by Pockels

Effect of electro‐gyration was discovered. It was almost 

simultaneously described by K. Aizu, Japan, and I.S. Zheludev, 

Russian Federation, and experimentally verified by O.G. Vlokh, Ukraine, in 1969

Page 12: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Electro‐optical effect of electro‐gyration50 years later50 years later

Electro‐gyration effect (linear type) ‐ electric‐field induced excitation or change i i l i i f l h i f l i i l f

12

in optical activity of some crystals that causes rotation of polarization plane of linearly polarized light, propagating through the crystal, by an angle that depends on the strength of electric field,  length of the light path in the crystal, and electro‐gyration constant.

UGldEG ×==ϕ ∫2 rr

1

— electro‐gyration constant of the crystal;r

G

Err

— vector of electric field strength;

ldr

l f hP l i ld — elementary part of the path on the interval between the electrodes

Polarizers

Lenses

Fiber optic guides

Page 13: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generationElectro‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Voltage Transducer ELT ME 35 100ELT‐ME‐35, 100

13

Design Electro‐gyration cell –measured voltage is applied to its electrodes,Electronic unit desired signal is taken from its outputElectronic unit – desired signal is taken from its output

Design feature: Measured voltage is directly applied to the ends of a centrosymmetric crystal.

Design benefits:1) Phase‐to‐phase voltage 

measurements;2) No piezoelectric effect.

Polarizers

Lenses

Fiber optic guides( id l i i l i d i l(provide galvanic isolation and optical 

connection between the electro‐gyration cell and electronic unit

Page 14: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generationElectro‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Voltage Transducer ELT ME 35 100ELT‐ME‐35, 100

Specifications of the prototype

14

Preliminary test resultsp p yp

Nominal values of measured voltage

35; 110 kV

Operating frequency 1 Hz … 10 kHz

yTests were carried out in the lab (under calibration conditions) on 30.04.2014

Ratio errorp g q y

Ratio measurement error

0.2…0.5 %

Angle measurement error

2’0,020,040,06

0,080,1

Δf,

%

U kV

Block diagram of Voltage Transducer -0,04

-0,020

,

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Δ U, kV

0

2

0 10 20 30 40 50min

U, kV

Angle error

-6

-4

-20 10 20 30 40 50

Δδ,

m

Page 15: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Measurement equipment of new generationElectro‐optical instrument AC and Pulse Voltage Transducer ELT ME 35 100ELT‐ME‐35, 10015

Optical voltage 

transducer rated at 35 kV

OptoelectronicOptoelectronic unit

Page 16: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

IVT and ICT in digital substation environment

16

Page 17: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

IEC 61850 Testing Tools Testing of current and voltage transformersTesting of current and voltage transformers

17

T S f i f l dTest Set for testing of voltage and current transformers ETS 61850

Multifunctional reference meter 

High Voltage IVT Test Set

ICT Test SetEnergomonitor 61850

IVT Test Set

Page 18: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Transition from conventional (induction‐type) instrument transformers to transducers of optical typetransformers to transducers of optical type18

Review of changes in production technologies

Conventional instrument transformers 

Basic raw materials 

Metal ore

Coal

Large‐scale production 

areas

Adverse effects connected with use of epoxy compounds

Production technology applied from the early 20th

Induction‐type instrument 

transformers Coal compounds  century

Optical instrument transducersp

Sand  is the basic material for crystal formation and production of optical 

Electronic components

State‐of‐the‐art processing technologies 

Optical instrument transducers 

glass

Page 19: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Change in price over years

19

Price Price

Induction‐type transformerMechanical 

wristwatch 

Optical transducer (forecast)

Digital wristwatch

Time Time1970 2030

Page 20: Optical voltage and current instrument transducers for … · 2020-07-09 · and electro‐optical instrument voltage transducer 6 Bl kBlock diagram of Ui lUniversal Measurement Converter

Ildar Giniyatullin Director of Mars‐Energowww.mars‐energo.com

Mars‐Energo

V O 13 Line 6 8V. O. 13 Line, 6‐8Saint‐Petersburg, Russia, 199034

Tel./Fax: +7 812 331‐87‐36

E‐mail: mars@mars‐energo.comil@mail@mars‐energo.ru 

www.mars‐energo.com