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Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.
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Transcript of Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.
![Page 1: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse MeasurementsAdvisor: Dr. Joe Shaw
LOGAN
CARPENTER
![Page 2: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Project Assignments
Spectropolarimeter Jon and Logan
Aurora Detector Kendra and Logan
Solar radiometer Everyone and Logan
![Page 3: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
My mid-term report focus Measuring the atmospheric optical depth with
a Solar Radiometer
![Page 4: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why would we want to make a Solar Radiometer?
Become familiar with taking data from the instrument. *
Experience calibrating instruments.
Further understanding of atmospheric optics.
Practice for the solar eclipse in 2017mEASURING POLARIZATION OF SKYLIGHT. Interpreting the polarization requires knowing the aerosol optical depth. Before and after eclipse.
* Photo by Joe Shaw
![Page 5: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How the solar radiometers work
*
* Number taken from http://www.britannica.com/topic/solar-constant
Earth
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How the solar radiometers work
• Atmospheric extinction.
• Greater optical depth means greater extinction.
![Page 7: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Understanding optical depth Optical depth =
σ = absorption, scattering, or extinction cross section
gas molecule or particle density
distance along the optical path
![Page 8: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Understanding Air Mass
Air Mass Air mass at zenith is 1
Air mass at the horizon is
Calibration is taking several measurements in varying air masses.
*
* Gratitude to Joe Shaw for the above figure
![Page 9: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Using optical depth to find spectral irradiance
𝐸 ( λ )=𝐸0 ( λ )𝑒−τ ( λ)∗𝑠𝑒𝑐 (θ𝑧 )[ 𝑊𝑚2𝑛𝑚 ]
![Page 10: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Calibrating the radiometer by plotting voltages
The solar irradiance correlates to the detector’s voltage
*
* Gracias to Joe Shaw for the figure
![Page 11: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Brief Explanation of LEDs
P-type
N-type
Conduction Band
Valence Band
![Page 12: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How LSDs workLight. Sucking. Diode.
![Page 13: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Solar Radiometer in a nutshell
Reading from voltmeter
Reading from voltmeter
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Radiometer circuit set up
Circuit diagram created by Forrest M. Mims III http://haze.concord.org/spworks.html
![Page 15: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Building and testing the circuit
Difficulty level: 3Difficulty for Logan: 5.4 (difficulty scale is logarithmic)
The trouble turned out not to be a wire connection, as I thought, but this little guy here.
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Making the casing to hold the radiometer
Battery and circuit board holder Control switch
Final product
![Page 17: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Taking Readings
Pic of Voltage vs Time
![Page 18: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Calibration
Picture of log(voltage) vs air mass
![Page 19: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Calculating the Optical Depth
𝑦1− y2x1−x2
=τ
= optical depth
exo-atmospheric reading
![Page 20: Optical Instruments for Solar Eclipse Measurements Advisor: Dr. Joe Shaw LOGAN CARPENTER.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfd21a28abf838cabc57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Future Work
Calculate the spectral irradiance for the wavelengths of the LED.
Calculate different optical depths.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to Joe Shaw for teaching us about atmospheric optics and helping through the whole process.
Thanks is also due to Joe’s grad students, Dave and Paul, who helped us on a day to day basis.
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Questions?
質問 ?
Preguntas?
问题 ?
Perguntas?
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