Optical Fiber slide

8/13/2019 Optical Fiber slide

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Optical Communication

Guided Communication

Standards, Concepts, System Design,

Hardware Experiments, Software

Experiments and Simulation,

Networks and Recent Trends


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NEES Imaging

HDTV

Camera

Environmenta

l Monitoring

SGI image

processor

Router

PC cluster

SGI

16 processor

Parallel computer

3 D visualization

Router

Virtual

reality

Optical Communications

OXC

OLS router

OXC

OLS router

OXC

OLS router


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Worldwide Fiber Deployment

Optical

Fiber

Deploying Fiber at Mach 3

Fiber is deployed at a rate of 2000 miles every hour


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Charlotte

Portland

Providence

Newark

CedarKnolls

Syracuse

Buffalo White

Plains

Rochester

Columbia

New Orleans

Nashville

Austin Houston

TulsaOklahoma

City

Albuquerque

Phoenix

Anaheim

Las Vegas

Salt LakeCity

ColoradoSprings

St. Paul

Milwaukee

Detroit

Cleveland

Columbus

Cincinnati

Seattle Spokane

Portland

Sacramento

Oakland

Kansas

City

Louisville

Little Rock

Jacksonville

Fort Lauderdale

Miami

Raleigh

Richmond

Denver

Dallas

Indianapolis

Pittsburgh

Baltimore

Plymouth

Atlanta

Minneapolis

Redwood City

San Jose

Garden

a

Tampa

SanBernardino

Arlington Wash.DC

Ft. Worth

Altoona

New YorkCity

RochellePk

Honolulu

Orlando

Sherman Oaks

Ojus

Los Angeles

Hamilton

Square

Silve

r

SpringsSan Francisco

Wayne

Chicago

Hartford

RollingMeadows

Omaha

St Louis

San Francisco

Los Angeles

San Diego

Anchorage, AK

N X OC48

Backbone Node

Gateway Node

N X DS3N X OC3

Concentrator Node (C9000)

Remote Access Router

R Remote GSR Access Router

N X OC12

Cambridge

NYC

FraminghamStamford

Bridgeport

Grand

Rapids

Philadelphia

ProvidenceGlenview

Albany

N X OC192

Service Network(Tier 1 Internet Service Provider)


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Lightwave Evolution

1975: Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater

spacing1980: 0.8 um GaAs lasers, MMF, 45 Mb/s @10km

1987: 1.3 um InGaAsP lasers, SMF, 1.7 Gb/s @50km1990s: 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, SMF,2.5-10 Gb/s @ 40km

1990s: WDM, 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers,EDFA, SMF, 2.5-10 Gb/s @ 300-10,000kmrepeater spacing2002: 64 WDM chx 10Gbps over 250,000 km

span


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Optical Communication(Handout)

Concept of field propagation in opticalfibresOptical Confinement, cutoff condition,single mode/multimode concept 2(T)

Concept of field absorption, scatteringloss,Fibreloss, linear scattering 2(T)Concept of pulse broadening and bandwidthlimitation Dispersion in fibres 2(T)Concept of dispersion reduction and B.L

optimization. Zero dispersion concepts, DSF,DFFClass discussions Ch.3 (R2)Non linear effects in optical fibresSRS,SBS,SPM,XPM,FWMClass, 3.4 (R1)


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Concept of semiconductors sources LED & ILD5.3 (R1), 3 (T)Concepts of optical gainLaser modes, laser action,

mode selection 3(T),9.2 (R4)Concept of high speed S.C lasers Chirping control,mode selectionClass, 6.6 (R2)Concept of Electo-Optic effectPockel effect & Kerr effect baseddevices 17 (R3)

Concept of Acousto-Optic effectRaman & Braggmodulators, deflectors 17 (R3)Concepts of Transmitter design.Coherent lightwave TransmittersClass, 10 (R4)


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Concept of performance issues of transmittersReliability, Testing, chirping and performancestudyClass notesConcept of photo detectionPIN,APD,MSM. 6(R1),4(T)Concept of optical receiverReceiver design, S/NEstimation, Digital optical receivers10(T) ClassDoDigital receiver sensitivity (Coherent receivers)6.3-6.4(R1) 10(T)Concept of receivers performanceDesignissues, S/N and BER optimization. 10(T),6.4, 6.5 (R1)Concept of receivers overviewPractical receiverdiscussionClass, 11 (R4),10(T)Concept of Semiconductor laseramplifierSLA,6(T)Concept of active fibre amplifiersSRA, SBS 6(T)Concepts of Doped fibre amplifiers EDFA 6(T), Classnotes

Concept of light wave amplifier systems.Design and

application of amplifiers Ch.6 (T)


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Concept of light wave communication systemsDesign

issues of communication systemsClassConcept ofdesign Power penaltyPower penalty estimation andreduction approaches .5.4 (T)Concept and design guide-lines for optical linkPowerpenalty considerations and link budget. 5.4 (T)Concept

of optical network and system architecturesDifferent topologies used in optical network8(R1),6(R3)Concept of Optical Networks Optical LAN , WANS,SONET/SDH8 (R1),6(R3)

Concept WDM light wave system Channel spacingdecision, multipliers, design issues 8(T)Concept ofWDM system components couplers/routers/switches8(T)Do


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Optical filters and Concepts of WDMTransmitters/Receivers

Practical Transmitters /ReceiversClass,12.2(R4)Concept of WDM system performanceLinear and Non linear effects8(T)Concepts of WDMNetworkingWDM Network routing/management8(R3)Concept of

time division multiplyingOptical TDM techniques.7.4 (R1)Concept of solitoncommunicationSoliton Generation19 (R2), 9(T)7.10 (T)Soliton Interaction 9(T)

High capacity soliton systems and jitter reduction9(T)Concept of WDM soliton systemSoliton Multiplexing techniquesClass notesTo learn newdevelopment in optical communicationNew trends in optical communicationR3,Class notesDo

Networking, communicationR3,Class notes


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Test I 50 mts. 20 OB

Test II 50 mts. 20 CB

Seminar / Lab

Assignments (10+10)Compre.Exam. 3hrs 40 OB/CB


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OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

SUBSYSTEMS (TRANSMITTER,CHANNEL,RECEIVER)

SYSTEM COMPONENTS(CONNECTOR,COUPLER,FILTER,

SWITCH,ROUTER,ISOLATOR etc.)

COMPONENET CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

SUBSYSTEM INTEGRATION & SYSTEM DESIGN

SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION & APPLICATION


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Telecommunication

T1,24 DS0 multiplexed=1.544Mbps

T2 ,4 T1multiplexed = 6.312Mbps

T3, 7T2 multiplexed =44.736 Mbps

T4, 6T3multiplexed =274.176 Mbps


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Optical Carrier OC-1 SONET signal hierarchy

OC-1 STS-1 (Synch. trans. Level-1) 51.84Mbps

OC-3 STS-3 155.52Mbps (STM-1/SDH)

OC-12 STS-12 622.08 Mbps (STM-4)

OC-24 STS-24 1244.16 Mbps (STM-8)

OC-48 STS-48 2488.32 Mbps STM-16OC-96 STS-96 4976.64 Mbps STM-32

OC-192 STS-192 9953.28 Mbps STM-64


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OPTICAL CHANNEL

Optical waveguide

Optical Fibers

Operating Window

Types of fibers ( major)

Graded Index / Step Index

Multi Mode /Mono Mode


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Wave guide specifications parameters

Numerical Aperture (NA)

Index Profile ( -profile)

Relative Index ()

Core parameter ( u )

Cladding Parameter ( w)Normalised Frequency (V)

Propagation vector()

Normalised Propagation Constant(b)


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PMD delay


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Dispersion Properties

Dispersion curveGroup velocity /phase velocity

Group index

Pulse dispersion

Inter modalIntra modal

Material Dispersion

Wave Guide Dispersion


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Spectrum for communication


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Signal propagation


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Ch ti di i


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Chromatic dispersion


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TDM


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WDM


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TDM/WDM


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Multi channel WDM system


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Optical Attenuation in fibers


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Usual repeater


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Optical amplifier ( EDFA)


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Raman Amplifier


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Raman amplification


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Signal attenuation


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Four wave Mixing


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FWM


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Raman Scattering


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Dispersion parameters


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Channel power ( OSA )


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Channel measurements ( DWDM)


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OSA Scan ( DWDM)


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System Optimization


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Trouble shooting


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Optical Fiber


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Light confinement


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Light confinement

nSin0=n1Sin; Sin=n2/n1;NA= n1(2)1/2; T=L n12/cn2


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Field modes


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M d di


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Mode diameter

Mi b di C l


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Microbending Curve loss


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DSF

Dispersion parameter D


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Dispersion parameter D


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Optical Fiber slide

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