Opportunities to Develop SPARTAN for Public Health · 2018. 7. 11. · High systolic blood pressure...
Transcript of Opportunities to Develop SPARTAN for Public Health · 2018. 7. 11. · High systolic blood pressure...
Our Vision
We envision a world where everyone is protected by a strong
public health system
Our Programs
Tobacco Control Research Data for Health
Maternal Health Road SafetyObesity Prevention
Partnership for
Healthier Cities
Environmental
HealthCVD Prevention and
Epidemic Preparedness
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Bolstering Public Health Systems to
Improve Air Quality
Public Health Intelligence
Improved environmental
health surveillance
Strategic Communications
Generate concern about air
pollution and advocacy for
clean air in the public and
health sector
Institutional Strengthening
Strengthen governmental
action
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Air Pollution is among the top 10 global health risk factors
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Diet low in whole grains
Impaired kidney function
Household air pollution from solid fuels
Alcohol use
Ambient particulate matter pollution
High total cholesterol
High body-mass index
High fasting plasma glucose
Smoking
High systolic blood pressure
ANNUAL NUMBER OF DEATHS (MILLIONS)
Cardiovascular diseases
Chronic respiratory diseases
Cancer
Lower respiratory infections
Top Causes of Air Pollution Death
Source: IHME, 2017
Global Burden of Disease, 2016
Goal: ensure active engagement to address air pollution to promote public health
Strengthening Public Health Intelligence:Enabling local exposure, burden of disease, and impact estimates
Current Comparison
D Air Quality
Baseline
Incidence
Rate
Exposed
Population
Estimated
change in health
incidence
=
X
X
X
Exposure-
Response
Function
NYC DOHMH
https://www.stateofglobalair.org/data/#/air/map
https://www.stateofglobalair.org/data/#/air/map
Needed: Strengthened Global Air Quality Data
Source: WHO, “Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease.”
Challenges of Current Scenario
• Sparse surface monitors in heavily polluted regions, little coverage beyond urban centers
• Monitoring data of varying quality and reliability
• Available data not publicly available or in easy to interpret format
Air Quality Management Success
FactorsACTIONS!
Regulations, etc
Emissions from multiple sources
Outdoor air quality
Population exposure
Human healthAdapted from: “Chain of Accountability” 2003.
Health Effects Institute, Boston MA.
• Political leadership
• Civil society pressure
• Fact-based media and
public discourse
• Data availability and use
• Dissemination, transparency
• Multi-sector coordination
• Monitoring and enforcement
Action drivers
Technical capacity
Challenges of Current Scenario
Limited air pollution monitoring and source apportionment data + limited resources
= limited ability to raise awareness, inform and implement local air quality management
How to add value to low-cost
monitoring
#4
Boilers
#6
Boilers
Switches to
Natural Gas or
Dual
Switches
to USL2
% Conversion to
Clean Heat
SO2 Emissions
Reduced (Tons)*
% of SO2 Emissions
reduced from residual
Oil*
City-wide 3187 4930 1351 655 25% 2878 35%
CB12 370 456 77 43 15% 171 28%
2008 2013
Anchor with
reference methods
Know where you are
measuring
Link to sources*
*note: not all leading sources will originate within the city limits!
Example: Transboundary
Pollution in SE Asia
http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/03/indonesian
-fires-bring-more-haze-southeast-asia
https://blog.ucsusa.org/doug-boucher/sources-of-the-haze-in-
southeast-asia-fires-are-quickly-located-with-public-gis-data-167
Palm oil production practices → fires →
regional air quality impacts
• Global: household emissions contribute ~15%
(4 ug/m3) of PM2.5
• Contributes ~ 30% of AAP in India, China and
Nepal
→Exposures at household, community, and
regional levels
• Updated, spatially resolved source
apportionment data needed to inform priority of
this source
Example: Household Air PollutionSolid fuel emissions are a major source of ambient air pollution in many countries
Chafe, 2016
Example
“Gaps exist in the current media discourse on air pollution, suggesting the need for strengthening engagement with the media
as a means of creating citizen engagement and enabling policy action. Through greater elaboration of the health burdens and
evidence-based policy actions, the media can play a critical role in galvanizing India’s action on air quality…”
www.healtheffects.org
http://www.who-seajph.org/downloadpdf.asp?issn=2224-
3151;year=2017;volume=6;issue=2;spage=41;epage=50;aulast=Murukutla;type=2
Goal: Data Informs Public Awareness / Demand for
Action → Increased Political Will → Better AQM →
Cleaner Air → Public Health Benefits
SPARTAN Data Can Help Reverse These
Trends!