OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR INCLUSION OF …€¦ · In 2013 Consumed 155 million tonnes of...
Transcript of OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR INCLUSION OF …€¦ · In 2013 Consumed 155 million tonnes of...
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DAGLI INSETTI UN CONTRIBUTO PER
NUTRIRE IL PIANETA
OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONSTRAINTS FOR INCLUSION OF
INSECTS in the FOOD CHAIN
Paul [email protected]
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overview
1. Context and Drivers in our Food
and Feed supply:
The (animal!) Protein crunch
2. Why Insects ?
Most suitable alternative, globally
3. FAO’s role ?
Awareness and info sharing
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The Economist, 20 dec 2014
China’s insatiable appetite for pork is a symbol of
the country’s rise. It is also a danger to the world.
• Since 1970: pork consumption X 7
• China produces now 500 m swine a year,
increasingly relying on imported feed (50% of
total global soy market)....causing deforestation
in the Amazon.
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Feeding chickens, fish,pork in China
China bought a record 70 million tonnes of soy (FAO, 2013)
Since 2011, China is the world largest “Food” importing country (80 B$)
2050
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1 May 2014 Nature, Vol 509 China produces almost
30% of the world’s pork,
and its farmers use FOUR
TIMES more antibiotics
than their US, EUcounterparts to produce
the same amount of meat.
Antibiotic resistance
genes(ARGs) are enriched
by up to 28,000-fold in
manure and soil on
Chinese pig farms
“But the animal industry
is less developed in
coping with manure and
waste water”
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Phasing Out Certain Antibiotic Use in
Farm Animals
• CAN INSECTS HELP US TO REDUCE LEVELS OF
ANTI-BIOTICS IN FARMED ANIMALS!!!
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Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)
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INSECT AMP
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1. Context and Drivers in our Food
and Feed supply
Can we produce enough, safe food ?
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Previous forecasts on feeding the
planet
Thomas Robert Malthus
An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
"The power of population growth is indefinitely
greater than the power in the earth to produce
subsistence for man".
(world population in 1800: approx. 1 billion)
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Club of Rome :The Limits to Growth
(1972)
food
2010
World population 1972: 4 billion
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Feed the WORLD in 2014
We are feeding:
• 7 billion people (42 kg of MEAT/ 20 Kg of FISH
(average capita food availability)
• < 1 billion pet animals (dogs, cats, birds, fish,
horses, .......zoo’s)
Farmed animals for human consumption
• 20 billion chickens/ 1,5 cattle,pigs/ 1,2 ducks/ 1,1
b sheep/ 1 b goats/ 0,8 b rabbits/....
• 70 million tons of food fish (aquaculture).......
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What food ? 8.4 billion tons (FAO, 2012)
Animal ( b$ / mTons)
• Milk 226 / 723
• Meat:– Cattle 169 / 62
– Pig 169 / 109
– Chicken 132 / 93
• Eggs 55 / 66
(751)
................
By 2050: 70% more
Vegetal (b$/mTons)
• Rice 186 / 738
• Wheat 79 / 671
• Soy 61 / 241
• Tomato 59 / 161
• Sugarcane 58 / 1842
• Corn 54 / 873
• Potatoes 49 / 365
• Vegetables 46 / 270
• Fruits (4) 122 / 186
• Cassava 25 / 269
(739)
By 2050: 50% more
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To feed the WORLD in 2014
Global food/feed production requires:
• 40% of world ice-free land surface is for AGRICULTURE (forest: 30%; deserts-mountains:25; wetlands,urban,....
• 70% of total agriculture land use is for feeding livestock
• 30% of all grains fed to animals (Soy:80%/Corn:50%)
• 70% of total fresh water use is for agriculture
• 110 million tons of chemical fertilizer
• 2,3 million tons of pesticides
• 14 a 17% of total GHG emissions (6 b tons of manure)
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Feed the planet: summary
• Global agriculture production tripled in last 50 years with only 12% increase in farmed area
(population doubled during the last 50 years!)
• Water consumption growing twice as fast as population growth
• Food loss and waste at 1.3 billion tons/year (out of the 8.4b). Net food availability: 1 ton/ person/ year
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Context to feed the WORLD by 2050
We will need to feed:
• 9 billion people (with higher demands for animal
derived proteins up to 80 kg of MEAT/ 35 Kg of FISH (average capita food availability)
• > 2 billion pet animals (dogs, cats, birds, fish, horses, .......zoo’s)
Farmed animals for human consumption
chicken and aquaculture: 7% annual increase
• 60 billion chickens ?
• 140 million tons of food fish (aquaculture) ?.......
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Pressure: more PROTEIN
• Per capita consumption of major food items in developing countries (1961-2005) → increasing demand for meat and other animals products
between 1980 and 2005 (FAO):per capita consumption
FAO, 2009
eggs x 5
meat x 3
milk x 2
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Per capita MEAT consumption
Italy: 91 kg
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BUT CAN THIS PRODUCTION KEEP GROWING
AT THIS PACE ?
And, What is the FEED ???
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What FEED ?
SOY
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China India
SOY
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In 2012-2013795 million tonnes of cereals (1/3 cereal production)
By 2050 an additional 520 million tonnes (1/2 cereal production)
To feed our animals
Monogastric sector (chickens, pigs, aquaculture,.)In 2013Consumed 155 million tonnes of feed protein (mainly Soy) In 2050Additional 110 million tonnes of feed protein (50% from cereals/soy and rest from other protein sources – incl. INSECTS !)
In 2013110 million tonnes of course grains used for bioethanol
FOOD - FEED - ENERGY (+bioplastics) COMPETION 60% 30% 10%
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www.igiornielenotti.it
Carnivore fish in nature does not eat soy
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For free roaming chickens: insects are
part of their feed......
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2. Protein alternatives
• Capture more out of oceans: Medusae, Jelly fish, krill,...
• Farming the sea: macro,micro Algae (Spirula – High tech)
• Artificial proteins: meat (120.000$/kg), synthetic (6$/kg)
• More out of Agro-industry processing byproducts: maisgluten, brewers grains,...
• Farming Less common plant protein sources: oil seeds; legumes, forages, trees (Moringa),.......
• .........
Compete for land, water, fertilizers, farm inputs OR High capital/tech (spirula)
potential: regional- niche markets
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Why Insects ?
• Food for 2 b people + natural feed of chickens, carnivore fish, pigs,...
• Good proteins, fats, minerals, + micro nutrients
• Feed conversion efficiency: 4x cattle
• Can be Fed with organic waste, not competing with foods for humans
• Fast breeding cycle (10 days to 1 month)
• Less water, land, CHG,..
• Socially more inclusive – easy to farm, no need for huge investment or “high tech” skills
• Opportunities for business and jobs at any level, everywhere
• May help reduce use of antibiotics in feed......
• Interdisciplinary: food-feed-health-waste disposal- climate change...
• Global market potential........
“one stone....many birds”
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Alicante, Spain
100 Kg brewery waste 0,4 kg seed larvae
10 days
25ºC
33 kg fertilizer
Bio digester
33 kg larval biomass 12 kg fly meal
Black Soldier Fly larvae production
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Good for business
• Company Start-ups:– food: Chapul, Six Foods, Ento, ......
– Feed: Enviroflight, Agriprotein, Protix, Ynsect, BioFlyTech,..
• New products – gastronomy & health– Energy bars
– Biscuits and sweets
– Insect burgers
– Pesto’s and spreads
– Health products
– ..........
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3. FAO’s role ?
• Improve and focus awareness (Media, sectors: food, feed,... ....
• Events, projects, gastronomy... Consumer acceptance
• Increase knowledge generation, dissemination,
networking.... (incl. protection of (indigenous) knowledge, nutrition data,
environmental benefits, LCA, socio-economic contribution, jobs, ....
• Legislation and regulatory frameworks (food, feed,
waste disposal, insect inclusive nature conservation strategies, habitat protection, gathering,
processing, trade, consumer protection, health, ..... (Codex Alimentarius)
• Economic’s and technology: reduce costs, improve efficiencies,
automation, business innovation and new products, .......
Academia
Policy makers
Private sector
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Field projects
LAOS THAILAND CONGO
TRAINING 1000
INSECT FARMERS
IN KINSHASA
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2013 Edible Insect publication
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• Recycling pig manure to chicken feed using fly
larvae
• Proteinsect EU project: http://www.proteinsect.eu/
• Greeinsect Denmark project: http://greeinsect.ku.dk/
• Thailand cricket farming video
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MANY THANKS .....and
good appetite !