OPIATES (Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the...

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OPIATES OPIATES (Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start (Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the Beginning. Otherwise the links will not Slide Show From the Beginning. Otherwise the links will not function.) function.)

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OPIATESOPIATES(Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the (Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the

Beginning. Otherwise the links will not function.)Beginning. Otherwise the links will not function.)

OPIATESOPIATES(Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the (Select Slide Show on the PowerPoint toolbar and then select Start Slide Show From the

Beginning. Otherwise the links will not function.)Beginning. Otherwise the links will not function.)

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OPIATES CONTENTOPIATES CONTENTOPIATES CONTENTOPIATES CONTENT

What are Opiates?What are Opiates?HistoryHistoryHow are Opiates Consumed?How are Opiates Consumed?

What are the Effects?What are the Effects?Physical DamagePhysical DamagePhysiological DamagePhysiological Damage

Use in the United StatesUse in the United StatesTesting for OpiatesTesting for OpiatesUseful LinksUseful Links

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WHAT ARE OPIATES?WHAT ARE OPIATES?WHAT ARE OPIATES?WHAT ARE OPIATES?

Opiates are drugs that are derived from the Poppy Opiates are drugs that are derived from the Poppy Plant and are Central Nervous System (CNS) Plant and are Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants.depressants. The most common opiates are:The most common opiates are:

OpiumOpiumHeroinHeroinMorphineMorphineCodeineCodeine

There are several synthetic opiates available, such as There are several synthetic opiates available, such as methadone, that were created as pain killers and methadone, that were created as pain killers and

to to help treat heroin addiction.help treat heroin addiction.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1903 1903 Heroin addiction in the United States Heroin addiction in the United States rises at an alarming rate.rises at an alarming rate.

1905 1905 U.S. Congress bans opium.U.S. Congress bans opium.

1906 1906 U.S. Congress passes the “Pure Food U.S. Congress passes the “Pure Food and Drug Act” which caused that and Drug Act” which caused that availability and consumption of opiates to availability and consumption of opiates to decline dramatically.decline dramatically.

1909 1909 The first federal drug prohibition passes The first federal drug prohibition passes in the U.S., outlawing the importation of in the U.S., outlawing the importation of opium and opiates.opium and opiates.

1910 1910 The Chinese convince Britain to The Chinese convince Britain to dismantle the India-China opium trade.dismantle the India-China opium trade.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1914 1914 The “Harrison Narcotics Act” is passed The “Harrison Narcotics Act” is passed which required all doctors and pharmacists which required all doctors and pharmacists that prescribed opiates to register with the that prescribed opiates to register with the government and pay a tax.government and pay a tax.

1922 1922 The “Narcotic Import and Export Act” is The “Narcotic Import and Export Act” is passed which restricted the importation of passed which restricted the importation of crude opium except for medicinal purposes.crude opium except for medicinal purposes.

1923 1923 The first federal drug agency, U.S. Treasury The first federal drug agency, U.S. Treasury Department’s Narcotic Division, is formed and Department’s Narcotic Division, is formed and all narcotic sales are banned.all narcotic sales are banned.

1924 1924 The “Heroin Act” is passed and the The “Heroin Act” is passed and the manufacture, possession, and consumption of manufacture, possession, and consumption of heroin is made illegal.heroin is made illegal.

1925 1925 In the wake of the federal ban on opiates, a In the wake of the federal ban on opiates, a thriving black market opens in New York’s thriving black market opens in New York’s Chinatown.Chinatown.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1930s 1930s The majority of illegal opiates The majority of illegal opiates smuggled into the U.S. comes from China.smuggled into the U.S. comes from China.

1945 1945 Burma gains independence from Burma gains independence from Britain following WWII and opium Britain following WWII and opium cultivation flourishes in the surrounding cultivation flourishes in the surrounding areas.areas.

1962 1962 Burma outlaws the cultivation, Burma outlaws the cultivation, possession and consumption of opiates.possession and consumption of opiates.

1965-70 1965-70 Opium and heroin smuggling into Opium and heroin smuggling into the U.S. is at an all time high. This is the U.S. is at an all time high. This is blamed in part on the U.S. involvement in blamed in part on the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. An estimated 750,000 the Vietnam War. An estimated 750,000 heroin addicts live in the United States.heroin addicts live in the United States.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1970 1970 Controlled Substance Act is passed Controlled Substance Act is passed which divided drugs into categories which divided drugs into categories and set penalties for crimes involving and set penalties for crimes involving narcotics.narcotics.

Mid 1970s Mid 1970s Heroin and Opiate use in the Heroin and Opiate use in the U.S. begins to subside. Mexican U.S. begins to subside. Mexican heroin enters the market and would heroin enters the market and would remain a large player for almost a remain a large player for almost a decade.decade.

1978 1978 The U.S. and Mexican governments The U.S. and Mexican governments meet and decide on a way to eliminate meet and decide on a way to eliminate the Opium farms in Mexico. The U.S. the Opium farms in Mexico. The U.S. proceeded to spray the Poppy fields proceeded to spray the Poppy fields with Agent Orange.with Agent Orange.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1988 1988 Opiate production in Burma increases Opiate production in Burma increases due to the State Law and Order due to the State Law and Order Restoration Council, the Burmese junta Restoration Council, the Burmese junta regime. The single largest heroin seizure regime. The single largest heroin seizure is made in China, 2,400 pounds.is made in China, 2,400 pounds.

1992 1992 Colombia’s drug lords introduce a high Colombia’s drug lords introduce a high grade form of heroin in the U.S.grade form of heroin in the U.S.

1993 1993 The Thai Army with support from the The Thai Army with support from the U.S. DEA destroyed thousands of acres of U.S. DEA destroyed thousands of acres of opium poppies.opium poppies.

1995 1995 The Golden Triangle area of Southeast The Golden Triangle area of Southeast Asia is the worlds leading producer of Asia is the worlds leading producer of opiates, over 2,500 tons annually.opiates, over 2,500 tons annually.

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HISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATESHISTORY of OPIATES

1999 1999 United Nations Drug Control United Nations Drug Control Policy (UNDCP) estimates that 75% Policy (UNDCP) estimates that 75% of the worlds opiates come from of the worlds opiates come from Afghanistan and that a bumper crop Afghanistan and that a bumper crop of over 4,600 tons exists there.of over 4,600 tons exists there.

2000 2000 Taliban leader Mullah Omar Taliban leader Mullah Omar bans opiate cultivation in bans opiate cultivation in Afghanistan, the UNDCP confirms Afghanistan, the UNDCP confirms the ban.the ban.

Fall 2001 Fall 2001 War in Afghanistan, opiates, War in Afghanistan, opiates, primarily heroin, flood the Pakistani primarily heroin, flood the Pakistani and world market.and world market.

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STREET NAMESSTREET NAMESSTREET NAMESSTREET NAMES

SmackSmack SmackSmack

HorseHorse HorseHorse

ChivaChiva ChivaChiva

MorfMorf MorfMorf MudMud MudMud

JunkJunk JunkJunk

HH HH

China WhiteChina White China WhiteChina White

Black TarBlack Tar Black TarBlack Tar

SoapiumSoapium SoapiumSoapium

TecataTecata TecataTecata FlowerFlower FlowerFlower

PoppyPoppy PoppyPoppy

HazelHazel HazelHazel

HairyHairy HairyHairy

DolliesDollies DolliesDollies

MuzzleMuzzle MuzzleMuzzle

MM MM

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HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?

SnortedSnorted – Because of – Because of the high potency of the high potency of heroin today, more heroin today, more and more users are and more users are snorting the drug.snorting the drug.

InjectedInjected – – Injecting opiates, Injecting opiates, specifically heroin, is still the specifically heroin, is still the choice ingestion method. choice ingestion method. Many addicts choose to inject Many addicts choose to inject the drug because of the quick the drug because of the quick and powerful onset of the and powerful onset of the effects. Users can inject the effects. Users can inject the drug directly into the blood drug directly into the blood stream or the muscle tissue.stream or the muscle tissue.

SmokedSmoked – The method of – The method of choice for opium is choice for opium is smoking the tar like smoking the tar like substance. Other opiates substance. Other opiates are often smoked on top are often smoked on top of marijuana. This is of marijuana. This is known as known as “snow capping”.“snow capping”.

EatenEaten – All opiates can be – All opiates can be consumed orally. Many consumed orally. Many prescription pain killers prescription pain killers on the market today are on the market today are opiates.opiates.

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SHORT TERM EFFECTSSHORT TERM EFFECTSSHORT TERM EFFECTSSHORT TERM EFFECTS

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

Absence of PainAbsence of Pain

ConstipationConstipation

Itchy SkinItchy Skin

Loss of AppetiteLoss of Appetite

SleepinessSleepiness

Loss of Sex DriveLoss of Sex Drive

Altered Mental ProcessAltered Mental Process

Absence of StressAbsence of Stress

Loss of ConcentrationLoss of Concentration

Overdose/DeathOverdose/Death

Impaired VisionImpaired Vision

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LONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTS

Severe ConstipationSevere Constipation

Menstrual IrregularitiesMenstrual Irregularities

Lung DamageLung Damage

Kidney DamageKidney Damage

Liver DamageLiver Damage

Brain DamageBrain Damage

Contracted PupilsContracted Pupils

Collapsed VeinsCollapsed Veins

Loss of Sex DriveLoss of Sex Drive

Frequent InfectionsFrequent Infections

Severe Weight LossSevere Weight Loss

Immune System DamageImmune System Damage

DeathDeath

Pregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy Complications

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OPIATE USE IN THE U.S. ARMYOPIATE USE IN THE U.S. ARMYOPIATE USE IN THE U.S. ARMYOPIATE USE IN THE U.S. ARMY

0.1

0.5

0.3

0.7

Past Month Past Year

19951998

***DoD Health Survey (1995 & 1998)***DoD Health Survey (1995 & 1998)***DoD Health Survey (1995 & 1998)***DoD Health Survey (1995 & 1998)

Percentage of Soldiers in the United States Army That Have Used Percentage of Soldiers in the United States Army That Have Used Opiates in the Past Month and Past Year. (%) 1995 & 1998Opiates in the Past Month and Past Year. (%) 1995 & 1998

Percentage of Soldiers in the United States Army That Have Used Percentage of Soldiers in the United States Army That Have Used Opiates in the Past Month and Past Year. (%) 1995 & 1998Opiates in the Past Month and Past Year. (%) 1995 & 1998

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OPIATE TESTING IN THE ARMYOPIATE TESTING IN THE ARMYOPIATE TESTING IN THE ARMYOPIATE TESTING IN THE ARMY

• Opiates can be detected in urine up to 2-3 days Opiates can be detected in urine up to 2-3 days after it is ingested.after it is ingested.

• Opiates are tested on a rotational schedule Opiates are tested on a rotational schedule within the Army.within the Army.

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• http://www.drugabuse.gov/Infofacts/heroin.htmlhttp://www.drugabuse.gov/Infofacts/heroin.html• http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/• http://www.edrugrehab.com/drugs/opiateshttp://www.edrugrehab.com/drugs/opiates• http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/

heroin/index.htmlheroin/index.html

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UNITED STATESUNITED STATESARMY CENTER FOR ARMY CENTER FOR

SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMSSUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS

For more Information ContactThe Fort Lee ASAP Office:

(804) 734-9079E-mail: [email protected]