OPGW Project

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5 June 2012 1

TELECOM NEEDSOF

POWER SECTORTechnology Options & Choices

29th May 2012


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What are the Key Technology Options

available? ( PLC, Microwave, VSAT,OFC, GPRS etc)

What are the advantages &

disadvantages of each option in theIndian Context?

What has been the experience so far?

What are the key issues &

Challenges?

Technology Options

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Reliable Telecom Connectivity is required for;

VoiceCUG, VoIP, Land Line

Corporate VPNs

Internet & E-Mail

ERP Applications

Protection Systems

Data

Real Time Data Transfers for Grid Operation (SCADA / EMS) Remote Monitoring of Projects

Remote Operation of Active sites

( Sub-stations / Generating Stations,NTAMC)

Smart Grid Applications

Automatic Metering Computerised Billing & Collection

Data Centres & Disaster Recovery Centres

Video Conferencing

TELECOM NEEDS

5 June 20123


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WhatsRequired?

Sufficient end to end bandwidth

IP/Ethernet capable devices

Flexible and Reliable Backbone andAccess communication network

Network reach down to consumers

Interfaces and Protocols based onPower Industry standards

Communication solutions

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Technology OptionsCommunication Media

5 June 2012 5

Reliable medium of Communication is the Primary need for any

utility. There are various medium and technologies are available and

are deployed at different locations depending on the need. The

medium can be any one or combination of the following: Wire Lines

Copper Cables

Co-axial Cables

Wireless

Microwave Radio

VSAT

Through Power Transmission Lines

Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)

Digital PLCC

Optical Fibre Cables

Underground / Aerial OFC

All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS)

Optical Ground Wire(OPGW)

Wrap Around


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Technology OptionsCommunication Media

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Equipment

SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

DWDM(Dense Wave Digital Multiplexing)

MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switching)

Depending on the medium , various types of endequipments (Transmitters / Receivers) are deployed

for collection / transmission of voice , Data & Video

Each of the medium has its own advantages &disadvantages


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Deciding factors for Network Design

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Type of application

Type of transaction (interactive/batch)

No. of simultaneous users on the network

Transaction size

Response time expected

Type of communication media

ROW

Techno-Economics


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Technology OptionsCopper Cables

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Advantages Disadvantages

Doesnt require

any License

Right of Way

requirement for

underground

cable

Power utilities can

use their existing

infrastructure

Fault location is

difficult

More number ofChannels

Faults can lead toGround potential

raise

Suitable for short

distances

Prone to theft

Twisted pair Copper cables are the popular medium for wire line

communications adopted.

They can be laid either underground or aerially


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Technology OptionsCo-axial Cables

5 June 2012 9


Doesnt require any

License

Right of Way

requirement forunderground cable

Power utilities can

use their existing

infrastructure

Fault location is

difficult

More number of Channels compared

to Copper

More immune to RFnoise interference

Suitable for short

distances

Prone to theft

Coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor surrounded by a grounded outer

conductor, which is held in a concentric configuration by a dielectric. The dielectric

can be PVC, air, foam etc

Coaxial cable can transmit high frequency signals up to several MHz with low

attenuation compared to copper wires

They can be laid either underground or aerially


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Technology OptionsMicrowave Radio

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Microwave radio technology makes use of short wavelengths in the

electromagnetic spectrum to send signals over distances with h igh

frequencies.

Frequency range: 2.3 - 2.5 GHz

Repeater distance : 40-50 kms.

Network Capacity : 4x 2.048 Mbps.

Automatic Protection System (APS) -

Redundancy & Link Protection.

Network designed for 99.99 % availability

under the worst conditions.

RF signal contains Voice/Data, Servicechannels & In-Service Monitoring.

Typically, 1.8m, 2.4m & 3m Grid Parabolic

Antennas used.


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Technology OptionsMicrowave Radio

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Independent of common carriers and

power lines

Frequency assignments requiring

clearance from SACFA(StandingAdvisory Committee for Frequency allocation).

Spectrum Scarcity

Relatively low construction costs

Does not require physical cables or

expensive attenuation equipment

Subject to interference .

Line of sight technology (i.e the

signals will not pass through

objects) limits operating distances

Mountains, hills and rooftops

provide inexpensive and accessible

bases for microwave towers.

Microwave radio signals are affected

by electromagnetic interference

(EMI)

Transmits thousands of data

channels between two points

without relying on a physical

transmitting medium

Less reliability . Microwave radio

communication is also affected by

heavy moisture, snow, rain and fog


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Technology OptionsVSAT

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VSAT is the short form for Very Small Aperture Terminals. There are three main

components of the VSAT Technology The Satellite, A Central Hub (With a Big Dish

Antenna) and a number of smaller nodes (smaller dish antenna) kept at various remote

locations that together form a Star topology (Mesh topologies for small networks)using the satellite network.

Outdoor Unit

Antenna: Reflector, Feedhorn & Mount

RFT: LNA, Down Converters, Upconverters,

HPA

Indoor Unit

Decides Access Schemes

Modem

User Interfaces

Protocols Conversions

Interlink Facility

Low loss coaxial cable to the indoor unit.

Typical length 300 feet.

ODU

(1+0)

MODEM

DATA

DATA

VOICE

VOICE

MODEM

ODU

(1+0)

DATA

VOICE

DATA

VOICE

VOICE

DATA

REMOTE STATION CENTRAL STATION


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VSAT NETWORK ON SHARED HUB

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VSAT

VSAT

VSAT

VSAT

SATELLITE

TRANSPONDERS

HUB

40Mbps

Space SegmentSatellite transponder

Ground SegmentCentral HUB

Remote VSATs

TopologiesStar

Mesh

HybridPoint to Point

Remote Telephony

VSATSYSTEM ARCHITECTURE


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VSAT FREQUENCY BANDS

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FrequencyBand

Uplink (GHz)

Earth Station to

satellite

Downlink (GHz)

Satellite to Earth

Station

C Band 5.925 to 6.425 3.700 to 4.200

Extended C

Band 6.725 to 7.025 4.500 to 4.800

Ku Band 14.000 to 14.500 10.950 to 11.700


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Technology OptionsVSAT

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Suitable for accessing Remote

Locations . Easy to install.Wider Area Coverage.

Latency is high. (>200 ms) vis-

a.vis terrestrial equivalenttechnologies (


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Technology Options - PLCC

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Power Line Carrier Communications (PLCC) Traditional and reliable technology available to

electric power utilities for critical communications channels and protection signaling.

In PLCC the radio frequency signals are transmitted through power transmission lines.

PLCC systems operate with audio frequency signals in the range of 30 kHz and 500 kHz.

band over power transmission lines

3

3

1

3 3

1

2

1

3

3

5

1. Car ri er Eqp t .

2. HF Cab le

3. Co up li ng

Device

4. CVT / CC

5. Wav e Trap

4

WAVE TRAPS

Prevents the carrier currents from entering the power

equipment.

Suitably designed choke coils connected in the series with

the power lines.Negligible Impedance for the power frequency current but

high impedance to the radio frequency current.

COUPLING CAPACITORS

Minimizes capacitance changes with temperature and time.

Coupling capacitors have capacitance between 2 and 8 nF.

LINE MATCHING & PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Consists of matching Transformers and Tuning capacitors.

Isolates the communication equipment from the power line.

Matches the impedance of the power line to that of the

coaxial cable of communication equipment.


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Technology Options - PLCC

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Both communication andpower transfer can be

possible on same circuit and

cost effective.

Noise introduced by powerlines is high in case of

telephone lines.

Equipment installed in utilityowned land or structures

with minimum hardware.

Carrier frequencies often notprotected on a primary basis

Economical & reliable over

long distances w/o need forrepeaters and works at any

climatic conditions

Inherently few channels

available

Attenuation is less over

long distance

Expensive on a per-channel

basis


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Technology OptionsOptical Fibers

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An Optical Fiber is a flexible thin filament of glass. Optical Communication

system accepts electrical signals as inputs, convert them into optical signals,

carry them over fiber optic cables and revert them into electrical signals at the

destination. There are various types of OFCs Underground, Aerial, OPGW etc.

Underground OFC OPGW


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Under Ground Optical Fiber Cables

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Immune to electromagnetic

interference and Immune toground potential rise . Optical

Fiber Cables can run long

distances.

Subject to breakage and water

ingress . Limited bend radius(about 30 mm). So, if they are

bent more, it might lead to some

signal loss

High channel capacity. Do not

have speed limits or bandwidthlimitations. They can support

any speed/ bandwidth depending

only on the type of active

components used at either end.

High RoW Cost in case of

underground fibers.

HighCAPEX in terms of cost of

Fibers , end equipments and

installation

High Security. Not easy tointercept Can be laid both within

the buildings and outside the

buildings .Generally they are

buried under the ground using a

Trench and protective materials

Vulnerable to fiber cuts due toRoad Expansions, Development

activities like Metro Projects ,

maintenance activities etc


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VULNERABILITY OF UNDERGROUND OFC

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5 June 2012 21



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5 June 2012 22


ADSS ( All Di l t i S lf S ti )C bl


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ADSS ( All Di-electric Self Supporting )Cables

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Suitable Transmission lines upto 220KV. Fibre inside HDPE tubes

Flexible, Reliable and Long lasting.

Can be installed without shut down of power.

Free from electro-magnetic interference.

Specially strung over large road or river crossings.

Easy to commission, maintain, and expand.

Ideal for reinforcing existing networks.

Weather proof and environmental friendly.


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TYPICAL ADSS CABLE LAYING FROM SUBSTATION YARD

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OPGW (O ti l G d Wi ) C bl


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OPGW (Optical Ground Wire ) Cables

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Suitable for Transmission lines of 132KV and above. Acts as earth

wirecum- OFC.

Right of Way (ROW) readily available on transmission lines

No forest Clearance etc are required

Transmission infrastructure is sturdy, stable, free from vandalism

and rodent menace.

Telecom Network over Transmission system ensures very high

availability for Telecom Network

Faster Roll-out. Mostly Live line installation without disrupting

power flow

Longer Life of OPGW


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OPTICAL GROUND WIRE

OPGW

ALUMINIUM TUBEACSR STRANDS

FIBRE

OPGW INSTALLATION


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WRAP AROUND

ADSS

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION

OPGW

T I f t t


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Electric Power Utilities have Power

Transmission Network with larger

number of towers spread across each

state.

These towers can be leveraged for

revenue by permitting mounting of

Telecom Antennas

POWERGRID already carried out Pilot

Projects and leased out its towers in 3states i.e Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,

Jammu & Kashmir. Tendering process for

balance states will be taken up at

appropriate time

Under ULDC projects, total of 187

microwave towers have been installed of

which 20 are in the central sector and 7

are within POWERGRID premises.

Leasing of these towers in association

with the State Utilities is also under

process

Tower Infrastructure

MPLS (M lti P t l L b l S it hi )

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION MEDIA


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PARAMETERS OPTIC

FIBRES

MICROWAVE PLCC VSAT

Bandwidth Very high High Low Moderate

Installation cost Very High High Low Low

Expandability Easy Difficult Not

possible

Limited

Repeater distance(typical)

80-90 KM 40-50 KM Notapplicable

Notapplicable

Immunity to

interference

Very High Prone to

interference

Prone to

interference

Prone to

interference

Reliability Very high High Low Moderate

Frequency

clearance

NA Required Required Required

MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching)COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION MEDIA


SDH and DWDM Technologies


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MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching)SDH and DWDM Technologies

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) aggregates a number of

lower-speed electrical or optical signals into a single higher bit

rate signal for transmission over a single fiber using a singlewavelength.Time division multiplexing (TDM)or statistical TDM is

used.Generally suitable for access networks.

DWDM(Dense Wave Digital Multiplexing)assigns incoming optical

signals to specific frequencies or wavelengths of light andmultiplexes them for transport over a single fiber. WDM is a form

of frequency division multiplexing. Generally suitable for high

capacity backbone networks.

Advantages of WDM: each wavelength of light can carry a signalwith its own speed and protocol, independent of what's on the

other wavelengths. And all signals arrive at the same time, instead

of being distributed across time slots.

SDH can be carried over WDM; but not vice versa.



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MPLS-Virtual Private NetworkAny-to-any connectivity on Internet Protocol (Routing)

Max. Bandwidth Utilization- Same pipe used by others

when free

Sub 2 Mbps (256 kbps/512Kbps/1024 kbps)

bandwidths possible

Scalable & Simpler Customer connectivity (radial

Connectivity)

Provides QoS & Class of Service (CoS)

MPLS is highly Secure & Reliable Networkconnectivity

Easy Provisioning & Maintenance

Cost Effective

MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching)

Solutions for Electric Power Utilities


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Solutions for Electric Power Utilities

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Deployment of Hybrid, Sturdy & Reliable

communication network which is feasible through

Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) , All Dielectric Self

Supporting (ADSS) Backbone Networks and

Access network through Distribution lines or

Microwave Radio or Wi-MaxHomogeneous Smart Grid communication network

with IP/Ethernet connectivity between the

components.

Integration of smart meters and distributedgeneration, and extension of the communication

network down to the end customer .

POWERGRIDs Diversification into Telecom


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POWERGRID initially laid Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) on

its transmission lines for collecting real time data for GridMonitoring

Diversified into Telecom , to utilize spare capacity of

OPGW installed for Grid Monitoring & with an incremental

investment

All equipment & Fibres are international standards

compliant (ITU-T).

Regional & National level NOCs with dedicated NMS for

monitoring of the network on 24 X 7 basis

5 June 2012

POWERGRIDs Diversification into Telecom

POWERGRIDs Strengths in Telecom


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POWERGRID sStrengths in Telecom Over 93,000 Ckms of transmission network and 150 sub-stations across

the Country

Operates Fiber Optic Backbone Network of about 25,000 Kms connectingmore than 200 Cities & towns. Expansion by about 33,000Kms under

various schemes in progress. Backbone links are mainly on overhead Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)

Adding value by implementing latest state-of-the-art MPLS network

Right-of-Way (ROW) and infrastructure readily available to develop OPGWback bone

Faster Roll-out

60-75 km/ gang / month

Installation & Maintenance on live power lines without disturbing thepower system

Dedicated team of professionals developed through extensive training and

have acquired skills in planning, design, installation and O&M of telecom

networks

Impeccable experience in timely building of very large Infrastructure

projects

Capable of undertake large scale projects in the rural areas and difficult

terrain

Power Transmission N/W & Telecom N/W


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Power Transmission N/W & Telecom N/W

25000 Kms

205 PoPs

Power TransmissionNetwork 92946 CKm

150 Sub-Stations

POWERGRIDs MPLS Network


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POWERGRID s MPLS Network

Bhubaneswar

Ahmedabad

Jeypore

Gazuwaka

Dadri

Ballabgarh

Padhge

Somanhalli

Sriperumbudur

Allahabad

Vijaywada

Ramagundam

Moradabad

Kanpur Sasaram

ItarasiKota

Chanderpur

Raipur

Delhi

HyderabadPune Nagpur

Indore

Vadodara

Allahabad

Durgapur

ShillongMisa

KolkataPatna

Vijaywada

Kanpur

Lucknow

Bhopal

Bassi

Jallandhar

Mysore

Trichy

Somanhalli

Bhadrawati

Jamshedpur

Sriperumbudur

Dadri

Ballabgarh

Jammu

Jaipur

Gurgaon

New Siliguri

Kishanpur

Biharsharif

Sasaram

GuwahatiBadarpur

DimapurVaranasi

Mandola

Itarasi

Vindhyachal

Trichur

Salem

Nellore

Rourkela

Malda

Bhadrawati

Durgapur

Bangalore

Jabalpur

Hisar

Agra

Moga

Udamalpet

Kolar

Vapi

Dehgam

Indravati

Rengali

Gooty

Khammam

NSagar

Manesar -I

Manesar -II

Madurai

Coimbatore

Yelahanka I

Hyderabad NOC

Routers I & II

Delhi

NOC

Routers

I & II

RR

RR

Yelahanka 2

Legends:

MPLS CORE Router

MPLS Edge Router (Type-II)

MPLS Access-I Router (CPE-I)

MPLS Access-II Router (19 CPE-III)

MPLS CORE Router (IGW)

MPLS Edge Router (Type-I)

MPLS Access-I Router (CPE-II)

Chandigarh

Chennai

Raipur

Mumbai

Talcher


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V R ALERT365 X 24 X7

STATE OF ART CONTROL CENTRES

POWERTEL It i U i


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OPTICAL GROUND WIRE(OPGW)TYPE OF

CABLE

OVER HEAD ONPOWER TRANSMISSION TOWERS

NETWORK

BACK-BONE

TOPOLOGY

POWERTELPARAMETER

POWERTEL- It is Unique

POWERTEL It i U i


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QUALITY & SAFETYCABLE LAYING

LIVE LINEINSTALLATION

`POWERTELPARAMETER

POWERTEL- It is Unique

Ch ll f Lif
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/OPGW_LIVE_LINE.MPGhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/OPGW_LIVE_LINE.MPG


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Challengesare our way of Life

Challenges
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/OPGW_LIVE_LINE.MPGhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/OPGW_LIVE_LINE.MPG


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Challenges

Challenges


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Challenges


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Service attitude comes from heart

"He profits most who serves best.

Rotary International's motto

Service starts with SMILE
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Thank You

BANDWIDTH PLANNED for ERP


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5 June 2012 45

2Mbps bandwidth/Port speed at each location except RHQ & CC.

20Mbps bandwidth/Port speed for Corporate centre & 10 Mbps

Bandwidth/Port speed at each RHQ.

100 Mbps Bandwidth/Port speed at Main & DR DATA CENTRE.

100 Mbps Point to Point links between NTAMC & Back up NTAMC

from POWERTEL as well as 3rd party service provider, for data

replication.

20 Mbps Internet bandwidth from POWERTEL at Main & DR DATA

CENTRE.

10 Mbps Internet bandwidth from 3rd party at Main & DR DATA

CENTRE.

NTAMC (National Transmission Asset management Center)


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NTAMC (National Transmission Asset management Center)

NTAMCNational Transmission Asset management Center- Remote centralised

operation, monitoring and control of POWERGRID sub-stationsMain Control Centre at National level in 400kV GIS Gurgaon or Manesar

substation

Backup NTAMC planned at :Bangalore (Yelahanka)

No of Regional Transmission Asset management Centers (RTAMCs): 9

(one for each region)Telecom to provide high speed communication links between NTAMC,

RTAMCs and Sub-stations.

5 June 2012 46

NTAMC Connectivity Plan (Substations)

Status upto Dec'12 Status upto Dec'13 Status upto June'14Connectivity Protected Connectivity Protected Connectivity Protected

Total 101 56 182 106 192 177

Phase - I 77 42 113 66 120 114

Phase - II 24 14 69 40 72 63

Smart Grid


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Smart Grid

Smart gridis a combination of

the smart transmission system, the smart distribution system and

integrating customer systems.

Integration of distributed generationfrom renewable

energy sources into main grid like

solar photo voltaic cell,

wind,

biomass,

mini and micro hydro

is also an important feature of smart grid development.

DIGITAL PLCC


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DIGITAL PLCC

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Uti l izes 8 KHz to establ ish a ful l DUPLEX conn ect ion

Data stream inclu ding vo ice ,data & teleprotect ion@ 32 Kbits /sec can be transm itted

Can accommodate 3 Speech ch annels and 9 Data channels

Relevent Standard IEC- 495

Uti l izes the same band w idth as an analog PLC.

Inc rease the capacity ( at least 3 times) that of analog PLC

ADVANTAGES OF SDH TECHNOLOGY


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ADVANTAGES OF SDH TECHNOLOGY

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It is a transport network

Based on synchronous multiplexing

Fully standardized

It provides high bandwidth

It accommodates both synchronous and asynchronoussignals for future broadband signals and new services

It has standardized network management capabilities

It Provides traffic protection

It has flexible multiplexing structure

Provides direct access to tributaries

Cross-connections without de-multiplexing

DENSE WAVE MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)


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DENSE WAVE MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)

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ATM

IP

FIBRE

SDH

SDH

SDH

FIBRE

O

P

T

IC

A

L

M

U

X

O

P

T

I

C

A

L

D

E

M

U

X

Optical

Transponder

Optical

Transponder

Optical

Transponder

Optical

Transponder

Optical

Transponder

3

1

3

2

DWDM

PAIR

PAIR

Intermediate

Optical Amplifiers

1

2

31

32

D

WD

M

TYPICAL DWDM LINK


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TYPICAL DWDM LINK

5 June 2012 51

Tx RxMUX DEMUX

OFAW

DM

W

DM

1

2

16

TRANSPONDERS

OPTICALSIGNALS.

STM-1

STM-4

STM-16

ATM

IP

ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) Project


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A total of 425 locations (CC, 9 RHQs, 195 substations both

operational and under construction, 57 TL & TLC offices, 24 TLM

offices, 34 DMS, 106 other offices) have been considered for ERP

implementation.

All locations are required to be connected to ERP Data Centre at

Gurgaon and DR Data Centre at Bangalore.

Telecom Department is responsible for providing all required

connectivity for implementation of ERP Project.

The connectivities are primarily planned through POWERTELs

proposed MPLS network utilizing existing & proposed FO

network of POWERGRID as well as fibre/bandwidth lease.

The unconnected locations shall be connected through thirdparty VPN.

ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) Project

5 June 2012 52



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5 June 2012 53

2Mbps bandwidth/Port speed at each location except RHQ & CC.

20Mbps bandwidth/Port speed for Corporate centre & 10 Mbps

Bandwidth/Port speed at each RHQ.

100 Mbps Bandwidth/Port speed at Main & DR DATA CENTRE.

100 Mbps Point to Point links between NTAMC & Back up NTAMC

from POWERTEL as well as 3rd party service provider, for data

replication.

20 Mbps Internet bandwidth from POWERTEL at Main & DR DATA

CENTRE.

10 Mbps Internet bandwidth from 3rd party at Main & DR DATA

CENTRE.

Project cost components


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Project cost components

Fibre cost 35%

Fibre installation cost 10%

Equipment cost 20%

Access Network 7%Auxiliaries 3%

Row charges 5%

Interest & finance charges 15%

Miscellaneous 5%

OPGW Project

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