Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms · 2020. 11. 26. · 1 Introduction 2 Hardware...

Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms

René Serral-Gracià Xavier Martorell-Bofill1

1Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)

May 26, 2014

Introduction Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Applications Cloud Computing Management Practical Tips Examples

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms

3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples

R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 2


Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples



Objectives

Knowledge

What is virtualizationWhich uses has virtualizationWhich uses does NOT have virtualizationVirtualization solutions

Abilities

Create/delete virtual machinesManagement capabilities for virtual machinesVirtual Machine Administration



What is virtualization...

An abstraction mechanism to manage(by partitioning, by merging,...) physical resources

Virtualization is based on the creation of one (or more)virtual representations of a particular resourceExamples

Local Area Network (VLAN)Web Virtual HostsStorage Virtualization (e.g., LVM, Cloud storage)Data Virtualization (e.g., seamless access to information)Hardware Virtualization



Hardware Virtualization

The virtualization affects the whole machine where new“virtual” instance is/are createdThe original OS is called host OSThe other “virtual” OS(s) is/are named guest OSsThe new instances work autonomously and use the hostOS as proxy with the hardwareTypes of Hardware Virtualization

Full VirtualizationParavirtualizationPartial virtualization



Outline

1 Introduction

2 Hardware Virtualization mechanismsFull VirtualizationParavirtualizationOS virtualization

3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 ExamplesR. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 7


Full Virtualization – Overview

Complete emulation of hardware componentsUsing the legacy OS as proxy to the hardware

Transparent for guest OS

Hardware

Standard Host OS

Virtual Machine Layer

Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware

Virtual Machine 1

Guest OS

Virtual Machine 2

Guest OS

Virtual Machine 3

Guest OS

Virtual Machine Manager



Full Virtualization – Functionalities and Examples

Functionalities

Memory reservationCPU virtualizationVirtual Network Interfaces

Examples

MultiplatformVMWareVirtualBox

LinuxQEmu/KVM

WindowsMicrosoft R© Hyper-V Server 2008

MacOSParallels



Paravirtualization

Concurrent execution of different OSManagement Domain controls the rest of OS

Requires support of the hardware and the OS

Hardware

Hypervisor enabled OS

Hypervisor Management Domain

Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware

Virtual Machine 1

Guest OS

Virtual Machine 2

Guest OS

Virtual Machine 3

Guest OS

Hypervisor Manager



Paravirtualization – Functionalities and Examples

Functionalities

Memory partitioningCPU partitioningNetwork card separationControlled bus access

ExamplesXenUML



OS Virtualization

Collaboration between host and guestsDirect access to the hardware form the guestsCan run in userspace

Requires support of the OSHost and guests use the same OS

Hardware

Host OS

Virtual OS 1 Virtual OS 2 Virtual OS 3

Concurrent running OS



OS virtualization – Functionalities and Examples

Functionalities

Concurrent execution of various instances of the operatingsystem

ExamplesOpenVZSolaris ContainersBSD JailsLinux Containers

LXCDocker.io



Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples



Applications

Useful for....Energy savingSpace savingLightweight processesService aggregation

Should not be used for...Heavyweight processesComputational power



Main Functionalities

Machine level backup/restorationSnapshotsRegular backups

Machine Pause/SuspendService IsolationResource limitation (CPU, Memory, I/O, Networking)Machine teleporting

Memory teleportingFull machine teleporting

CloningCentralized management



Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud ComputingRationaleDelivered Services

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 17


Rationale under Cloud Computing

Offer computation, storage, and servicesOutsourcing of IT local resources through well definedAPIsEasy adoption for customers

Masking operational detailsLess management overheadIncrease in resourcesIncrease in performanceLow cost



Delivered services

Software as a Service

Software licensed on a subscription based fee modelThrough periodic feesThrough advertisement

Mostly web basedExamples

GMailFacebookWhatsapp



Delivered services

Platform as a Service

Computing platformCustomer deploys application using service providerfeatures into the provider’s premisesProvider offers storage, computation, memory, networks,and other necessary facilitiesExamples

Amazon Web Services (AWS)Rackspace



Delivered services

Infrastructure as a Service

Lowest levelProviding hypervisor, networking, storageThe customer is in charge of configuring and administeringeverythingExamples

Amazon Web Services (AWS)Rackspace



Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 ManagementVM Creation and DeletionIntegrated Management SolutionsBackups

6 Practical Tips

7 ExamplesR. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 22


VM Creation

Required steps to create a VM

Create system hard driveDynamically allocated – Less space / SlowerStatically allocated – More space / Faster

Create hardwareCPU(s)MemoryDisk(s)...

Install the operating systemConfigure services



VM Deletion

Required steps to delete a VM

Backup user/shared dataDisable/ban usersStop all the servicesUnregister virtual machineRemove the hard drive



VM Resources Management

Resource enhancementsMore CPU(s)Memory increaseHard disk resizing

Different from Filesystem resizing

System administrationUse passwordless remote administration (ssh, pssh)Create management scripts

Send command to allInstall to all



Integrated Management Solutions

libvirt: virsh, virt-manager http://www.libvirt.orgVMWare vSphere http://www.vmware.com/products/vsphereOpenNebula: http://www.opennebula.org/OpenStack: http://www.openstack.org/



Backup mechanisms

Full Hardware backupUse available facilities within the Virtualization SoftwareUse a master copy of the system

Regular backup

Similar to the legacy caseBackup shared storage area



Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples



Practical Tips

GUI are evilUse headless setups

Monitor resource usageUse shared storage for user dataClone the VMsUse different servers

ResilienceLoad balancing



Outline

1 Introduction


3 Applications

4 Cloud Computing

5 Management

6 Practical Tips

7 Examples



Management Interface – virt-manager

Aggregated management and monitoringCreate/Delete/Modify VMsConnect/Disconnect removable media



Management Interface – VirtualBox

Aggregated management and monitoringCreate/Delete/Modify VMsConnect/Disconnect removable media


IntroductionHardware Virtualization mechanismsFull VirtualizationParavirtualizationOS virtualization

ApplicationsCloud ComputingRationaleDelivered Services

ManagementVM Creation and DeletionIntegrated Management SolutionsBackups

Practical TipsExamples

Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms · 2020. 11. 26. · 1 Introduction 2 Hardware...

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