Operating Systems - University of Limerickgarryowen.csisdmz.ul.ie/~cs4023/resources/lect01.pdf ·...
Transcript of Operating Systems - University of Limerickgarryowen.csisdmz.ul.ie/~cs4023/resources/lect01.pdf ·...
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Operating Systems
P. Healy
CS1-08Computer Science Bldg.
tel: [email protected]
Autumn 2019–2020
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 1 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 2 / 32
Administrive DetailsTo Do
AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 3 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Lectures / Labs / Tutes
Lecture Hours: Mon. 12h00 ERB001Tue. 10h00 ERB001 AD2010
Tute Wed. 17h00 SR3007Mon. 13h00 KBG12
Lab 2A Tue. 16h00 CS2(0)442B Tue. 17h00 CS2(0)442C Thu. 11h00 CS2(0)44
4 contact hours→ 6 non-contact hours
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 4 / 32
Administrive DetailsTo Do
AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 5 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Attendance
Attendance at all lectures and labs / tutes is expectedTute attendance will be recordedHanding up all assigned lab exercises is a good ideaHanding up other people’s work is a serious
What’s this about? Why is this on the slide?
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 6 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Class Home Page
1 All lectures, homeworks, past exams, etc. can be found onthe class home page:garryowen.csisdmz.ul.ie/~cs4023/ (alsogoo.gl/4INPZ)
2 Class lists and attendance records will also be availablehere
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 7 / 32
Administrive DetailsTo Do
AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Class Home Page
1 All lectures, homeworks, past exams, etc. can be found onthe class home page:garryowen.csisdmz.ul.ie/~cs4023/ (alsogoo.gl/4INPZ)
2 Class lists and attendance records will also be availablehere
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 7 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Acknowledgements
Atif Azad’s CS4023 slides (via PH, NN in previous years)Wikipedia imagesVarious OS lectures from around the world / web
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 8 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 9 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Assessment Instruments
Lab Assignments: 6 × 5% Week{03,04,06,08,09,10}Mid-Term Exam: 10% Week07Final: 60% Week15
Labs start this week; tutes start next weekSeptember repeat exam will count for same as final
What this means...
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 10 / 32
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Grade Bands
F 0 – 29D2 30 – 34D1 35 – 39C3 40 – 47C2 48 – 51C1 52 – 55B3 56 – 59B2 60 – 63B1 64 – 71A2 72 – 79A1 80 – 100
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 11 / 32
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Reading List
1 Silberschatz, Galvin & GagneOperating System Concepts (Wiley)ISBN 0-470-12872-0 On SL inlibrary (ed.s 6 & 8)http://www.os-book.com/
2 Silberschatz, et al. (earlier eds ofabove)
3 Loads of other OS books in library
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 12 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Meeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
Reading List
1 Silberschatz, Galvin & GagneOperating System Concepts (Wiley)ISBN 0-470-12872-0 On SL inlibrary (ed.s 6 & 8)http://www.os-book.com/
2 Silberschatz, et al. (earlier eds ofabove)
3 Loads of other OS books in library
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 12 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
To Do (for You)
Ü Linux password resetting1 will be done by Liam O’Riordan(CS2-004) between 14.30 - 15.30 from today onwardsDon’t forget to register online at http://www.si.ul.ieDrop in to First Seven Weeks Centre (SU Courtyard) forStudy Skills; also go to First 7 Weeks page on Facebook,www.Facebook.com/first7weeks
1Needed only if you’ve forgotten your old one!P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 13 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
Announcements
Labs start in Week01Tutes in Week02
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 14 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
CS4023
CS4023 (like school) (like life) is hard“Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percentperspiration.” Thomas Edison (Sept. 1932)“Not every legend is a myth, some are flesh and blood.Some legends walk among us, but they aren’t born, they’rebuilt. Legends are made from iron & sweat, mind andmuscle, blood and vision and victory. ...” ArnoldSchwarzenegger
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 15 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
CS4023
CS4023 (like school) (like life) is hard“Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percentperspiration.” Thomas Edison (Sept. 1932)“Not every legend is a myth, some are flesh and blood.Some legends walk among us, but they aren’t born, they’rebuilt. Legends are made from iron & sweat, mind andmuscle, blood and vision and victory. ...” ArnoldSchwarzenegger
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 15 / 32
Administrive DetailsTo Do
AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
CS4023
CS4023 (like school) (like life) is hard“Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percentperspiration.” Thomas Edison (Sept. 1932)“Not every legend is a myth, some are flesh and blood.Some legends walk among us, but they aren’t born, they’rebuilt. Legends are made from iron & sweat, mind andmuscle, blood and vision and victory. ...” ArnoldSchwarzenegger
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 15 / 32
Administrive DetailsTo Do
AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 16 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Rationale and Purpose
On successful completion of this module a student should havea clear understanding of the
logical structure of, and facilities provided by, a modern OSconcepts of processes, threads and multithreading andhow they are implemented in a modern OSproblems that arise when processes collaborate andcompete and well as being able to demonstrate practicalexperience of mechanisms for handling these situationdifferent ways of implementing virtual memoryuse of system calls
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 17 / 32
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OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Overview of Syllabus
Overview of Operating-System Structure and OperationsProcess ManagementMemory ManagementStorage ManagementProtection and Security
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 18 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 19 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Detailed Syllabus
Positioning the operating system (OS) between the userand the hardware; the need for the OS; different types ofOSs; interfaces to an OS and the interface with thehardwareThe concept of a process and a thread; representation ofprocesses and threads; process and thread state; processcreation and termination; thread creation, scheduling andtermination; multithreadingScheduling; context switching; concurrency, includinginteraction between threadsInter process communication (IPC); synchronization andmutual exclusion problems; software algorithms for IPC; 2processes, n processes
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 20 / 32
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Detailed Syllabus (contd.)
Low and high level mechanisms for IPC andsynchronization: signals; spinlocks; semaphores, messagepassing and monitors; deadlock; use of semaphores forsynchronization, mutual exclusion, resource allocation;implementation of semaphores; use of event counts andsequencers for classical IPC problems; conditional criticalregions; monitors and condition variablesPhysical and virtual memory; address translation; baseand length registers; segmentation and paging; cachememory; system services for memory managementI/O subsystem, directory name space; inodes;synchronous and asynchronous I/O; locking; buffering
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 21 / 32
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Detailed Syllabus (contd.)
File systems and file management; file system types; diskorganization; mounting a file system; device drivers; filesystem based IPC; pipes; the socket mechanism; IPCusing socketsFault tolerance and security
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 22 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 23 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this module students will be ableto:
Explain the objectives and functions of modern operatingsystemsDescribe the logical structure of, and facilities provided by,a modern operating systemAnalyze the tradeoffs inherent in operating system designDifferentiate between the concepts of processes, threadsand multithreadingDemonstrate practical experience of mechanisms forhandling situations of process collaboration andcompetitionIdentify the problems that arise when processescollaborate and compete
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 24 / 32
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Learning Outcomes (contd.)
Categorise different ways of implementing virtual memoryDiscuss networked, client-server, distributed operatingsystems and how they differ from single user operatingsystemsSummarise the use of system calls
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 25 / 32
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Software Complexity
Internet Users
No. of internet users per 100 inhabitants:
Somebody2 better be managing how this volume of people usethe Internet
2Or some thing.P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 26 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
Software Complexity
Speed of Computation
Moore’s Law over the past 120 Years:
Somebody3 better be managing how this computing power isharnessed
3Or some thing.P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 27 / 32
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Anatomy of an Internet Search Query
Somebody4 better be managing these communications steps
4Or some thing.P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 28 / 32
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AnnouncementsSyllabus
Why Operating Systems
Software Complexity
Outline
1 Administrive DetailsMeeting TimesGeneral IssuesAssessment
2 To Do3 Announcements4 Syllabus
OverviewIn DetailLearning Outcomes
5 Why Operating SystemsSoftware Complexity
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 29 / 32
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Why Operating Systems
Software Complexity
Lines of code
1975 Unix kernel: 10,500 lines of code2008 Linux 2.6.24 line counts:
85,000 processes430,000 sound drivers490,000 network protocols710,000 file systems1,000,000 different CPU architectures4,000,000 drivers7,800,000 Total
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Why Operating Systems
Software Complexity
Lines of code (contd.)
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Why Operating Systems
Software Complexity
Taming this complexity
Every piece of computer hardware differentDifferent CPU
Pentium, PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM, MIPSDifferent amounts of memory, disk, . . .Different types of devicesMice, Keyboards, Sensors, Cameras, Fingerprint readersDifferent networking environment
Cable, DSL, Wireless, VPN, Firewalls, . . .Issues:
Does the programmer need to write a single program thatcovers all operations of computer systems? Modularity?Does every program have to be altered for every piece ofhardware? Re-usability?Does a faulty program crash everything? Fault isolation?Does every program have access to all hardware?Security?
P. Healy (University of Limerick) CS4023 Autumn 2019–2020 32 / 32