Open science: Political considerations from the

European Commission

Celina Ramjoué Head of Sector, OA to scientific publications and data

European Commission

DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology (CONNECT) - Digital Science Unit

Open Science Days 2016

Berlin, 17-18 February 2016

- What is open science?

- European policy context

- Open science ongoing actions

- Open science policy platform

- What is open science?

- European policy context

- Open science ongoing actions

- Open science policy platform

What is open science?

• Open science is the transformation and opening up of

science, research and innovation through

information and communication technologies (ICT)

• Objective: making science more efficient,

transparent and interdisciplinary, and enabling

broader societal impact and innovation

research assessment and metrics, …

Analysis

Publication

Review Conceptualisation

Data gathering

Scientific blogs Collaborative

bibliographies

Alternative Reputation

systems

Citizens science

Open code

Open workflows

Open annotation

Open data

Pre-print

Data-intensive

5

Sci-starter.com

Runmycode.org

ArXiv

Roar.eprints.

org

Impact Story

Altmetric.com

Mendeley.com Academia.edu

Researchgate.com

Openannotation.org

Datadryad.org

Myexperiment.org

Figshare.com

Open access

E-infrastructures for open science

Open access to research results & processes

citizen science Public

engagement

Evidence-based policy making / Global Systems

Science

Open science challenges

- Alternative ways of measuring research outputs (metrics) - Incentives for open science practices

for researchers, research organisations and industry

Science for innovation

7,4 7,4 6,9

6,2 5,7 5,6 5,5 5,4 5,4 5,3

4,7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Mean

rankin

g p

osi

tion

On what issues within 'Science 2.0' do you see a need for policy intervention?

Mean

Mean - std

Mean + std

Rank : the lowest need (1) to the highest need (11)

Public consultation on Science 2.0 (2014)

- What is open science?

- European policy context

- Open science ongoing actions

- Open science policy platform

Open Science Players

Andrus Ansip, Vice-President, Digital Single Market

Carlos Moedas, Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation

Günther Oettinger, Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society

Expected benefits of open science

• Good for science: efficiency, verifiability, transparency

• Good for the economy: access to and re-use of scientific information by industry

• Good for society: broader, faster, transparent & equal access for citizens

Context: Digital Single Market (DSM) Strategy (May 2015)

DSM: "Market in which free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured and where individuals and businesses can seamlessly access and exercise online activities." One of ten Juncker priorities One of the DSM pillars: focus on maximising growth potential of the digital economy by building a data economy Themes: Copyright, including text and datamining (TDM), open science, free flow of data, European open science cloud

Carlos Moedas: Three Os (June 2015)

• Open Innovation

• Open Science

• Open to the world

Competitiveness Council 29 May 2015: Council Conclusions

Member States emphasise the data-driven economy and support for open science

The Council:

• RECOGNISES the high potential of the data-driven economy.

• REAFFIRMS the broad political support from Member States for setting better framework conditions for faster and wider data-driven innovation taking into account the research perspective.

• LOOKS FORWARD to the possible development of action plans or strategies for open science.

- What is open science?

- European policy context

- Open science ongoing actions

- Open science policy platform

There is already a lot of open science activity at

European level …

Open Access (OA) OA to what?

• peer-reviewed scientific publications (free online access)

• research data (access and re-use)

Why open access?

• To optimise the impact of publicly-funded research

Open Access in the R&I Framework Programme

• Horizon 2020 mandate on OA to publications

• Horizon 2020 Pilot on open access to research data

• New focus on data management

• Infrastructure projects to support policy (OpenAIRE)

Copyright reform

• Text and datamining: part of the ongoing copyright reform

Open access as a driver for open science

European Cloud Initiative

Part of the Digital Single Market Strategy

Content: European Open Science Cloud, European Digital Infrastructure, Widening the user base (e-government & industry) and building trust (certification and standards)

European Open Science Cloud

• A virtual environment for all European researchers to store, manage, analyse and re-use data

• Bringing together existing and emerging data infrastructures

• Added value: scale, data-driven science, inter-disciplinarity, data to knowledge to innovation

Basis: builds on long-time funding and policy work in e-Infrastructure and cloud computing

Citizen science / Public engagement

• Citizen Science: the core of open science - science by & for the people

• Multiple roles of citizens: scientist, consumer, decision maker, funder, observer, etc. broad sprectrum of activities

• European Commission role: facilitate

Technical support for infrastructure and tools (e.g. standards,

accessibility and findability, storage and curation)

Provide regulatory framework as needed, e.g. data protection

CS dealt with in many parts of the EC: CONNECT, RTD, JRC, etc.

• Socientize white paper on citizen science (www.socientize.eu)

• Horizon 2020: mainstream citizen-oriented activities in H2020, e.g. environment, smart cities, agriculture

Why don’t we do what we know we should be doing?’ (Joseph Tainter in ‘Why do complex societies fail?’)

"

Openness: Participatory Transparent Accessible

Big Data & Models

Policy Decisions

Social Action Narratives

Consistency

Evidence

Legitimacy Participation

Models Data Open Access

Examples of EC-funded GSS projects: SIMPOL: data on shadow banking to establish network models of banking input to EC financial regulation EVERYWHERE: citizen gather data on pollution in London using their iphones help collect a pollution map and also change behaviour in reaction to the data they collect INSIGHT/EUNOIA: mobile data as a means to measure, control, guide, redesign traffic flow in a city.

SO WHAT?!

Global Systems Science

Commissioner G. Oettinger:

"Artistic creativity and critical thinking

are essential for innovation in today's

digital world... ".

Commissioner C. Moedas:

"I think that, more and more, we all

understand that innovation in the

future will be at the intersection of arts

and sciences".

Creativity is a key ingredient of innovation. Technology alone no longer ensures competitive advantage. Highly innovative companies turn to artists in their R&D&I activities In Horizon 2020, the EC supports inclusion of artists in projects and programmes to enhance the innovation capacity of EC-funded research (ICT-36, WP 2016-17)

STARTS: Innovation at the nexus of Science, Technology and the ARTS

EINFRA-12-2017: Data & Distributed Computing e-infrastructures for OS

INFRADEV-04-2016: European Open Science Cloud for Research

ICT-11-2017: Collective Awareness Platforms (CAPS)

ICT-36-2017: Science, Technology and the Arts (STARTS)

MSCA-ITN-2017: Innovative Training Networks (including open access)

SC5-18-2017: Novel in-situ observation systems

SC5-19-2017: Coordination of citizens' observatories initiatives

SwafS-07-2016: Training on Open Science in the European Research Area

SwafS-10-2017: Putting Open Science into action

Participant Portal: http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/home.html

Horizon 2020 Funding opportunities

There is already a lot of open science activity at

European level …

… but it is not structured and some areas are not yet

addressed.

- What is open science?

- European policy context

- Open science ongoing actions

- Open science policy platform

Open Science Policy Platform

High-Level Group Open Science Policy Platform

(20+ Members, co-chaired by the Commission, meets bi-annually) Mandate: - Help develop the Open Science Policy Agenda - Promote uptake of agreed best policy practices

WG Scientific publishing models

WG Rewards

WG Research Integrity

WG Education & Skills

WG Citizen Science

WG Altmetrics

WG Science Cloud

WG FAIR Open data

To be announced soon …

Specific areas for action (1)

• Open research data: FAIR data sharing as the default for funding scientific research

• Open science cloud: All EU researchers are able to deposit, access and analyse European scientific data through the open science cloud

• Alternative metrics: replacing/complementing conventional indicators for research quality and impact (e.g. Journal Impact Factor)

• Changing models for open access publishing: transition to full open access, principles

• Rewards: adapting research career evaluation systems

• Research integrity: publically funded research adheres to commonly agreed standards of research integrity

• Education and skills: supporting open science skills and education

• Citizen Science: citizen input to European science

Specific areas for action (2)

Next steps

Current convergence of:

• Digital Single Market Strategy – (Ansip & Oettinger)

• 3O Agenda (Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World - Moedas)

• Dutch EU Presidency focus on open science

Upcoming relevant actions:

• 4-5 April 2016 Presidency Conference on open science (Amsterdam)

• Open Science Policy Platform / Open Science Agenda

• European Cloud Initiative (incl. Eur. Open Science Cloud): research data actions

• Ongoing copyright reform ( text and data mining)

• Free Flow of Data initiative

Thank you!

Celina Ramjoué Head of Sector, OA to scientific publications and data

European Commission

DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology (CONNECT) - Digital Science Unit

Open Science Days 2016

Berlin, 17-18 February 2016