Stefan Kasberger@stefankasberger

OPEN SCIENCEFree Science for a free Society

Go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for licence details.

What is Open Science?

Problem!

ResearchQuestion Methods

Hypothesis

TestHypothesis

ExperimentsCase Studies

PublishPeer Review

„Science is a systematic

enterprise that builds and

organizes knowledge in the form

of testable explanations and

predictions about the universe.“

– Wikipedia

Science

Open Definition:“A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike.”

Openness

byAttribution

ndNo Derivations

ncNon-Commercial

saSharealike

Open Definition compatible:● Creative Commons by

● Creative Commons by-sa

● Creative Commons Zero (Public Domain)

byAttribution

saSharealike

Pillars of Open Science

Research4 pillars, as defined by Kraker et al. (2011):

● Open Data

● Open Source

● Open Access

● Open Methodology

● + Open Peer Review

Education

● Open Educational Resources

Open Data

● Data: files and databases

● Corporations, Administration

● Science: raw data, processed data, Linked

Open Data

● Problem: Privacy

data.gv.at

Free & Open Source

● Free & Open: source code and file formats

● Licenses: GPLv3 & Free-BSD

● Science: utilize software and write source

code

reputation→● Pioneering in collaborative working,

versioning, agile project management

Open Methodology

● Science as a Practice

● Open Culture and open licenses: Get out of the ivory

tower

● Science: process of open innovation, gets attention,

early feedback mistakes can be recognized and →

corrected earlier

● Problems: effort, no standards, process varies

depending on discipline

Open Methodology

Data Code

Inquiry PublishResearch

Content

HypothesisProblem Paper Publikation

Content Content

ExperimentsCase-Studies

etc.

ReviewTypesetting

literatureMethods

Open Peer Review

● Ensure quality of scientific work

● Blinded / Unblinded

● Staged?

1.Editors

2.Comments

3.Web

● Altmetrics

Open Access

Publications

● Free

● Machine readable

● Online

● Immediately

arXiv.org

Open Access

ResearchFinanced publicly

Scientific publicationProporty of publisher

LibraryFinanced publicly

public

„The 15 year old pupil Jack Andraka invented a new method for early diagnosis of cancer: 26.000 times cheaper, 90 percent more efficient and 168 times faster than any other method.“– Welt

Open Access

● Gold Way: primary

publication

● Green Way: parallel

publication (embargo?)

or self-archiving

Developments

● In recent years: enormous increase in turnover of

publishers, e.g.: Elsevier, Nature, Springer

2012 & 2013

● The Cost of Knowledge by Tim Gowers

● Institutes: Harvard, TU München

● Governments: USA, UK, EU (Horizon2020)

Open Access Austria

● FWF: Open Access Policy

● OANA: Open Access Network Austria

2 top-ranked Journals are Open Access

● Viennna Yearbook of Population Research

● Living Review in European Governance

Open Educational Resources

● Free teaching and learning materials: books, images,

web, software, data, operating systems, etc.

● TU Graz: OER Strategy

We need free people &

technologies for the

future!

Why Open Science?

Reproducibility

Reinhart & Rogoff● Excel-Sheet error● 3 countries not included in

model

„A Bayer Healthcare team published work showing that only 25% of the academic studies they examined could be replicated. (Prinz et al. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 712, 2011)“– Forbes

Efficiency

● Minimize redundancies

● Re-usability of data, code and content

● More innovation

● Faster dissemination

"However, several critics emphasize that one person can never possess enough knowledge in order to judge complex situations expediently, and that it may be more appropriate to use the collective wisdom of crowds." – Hayek, F. von: Die Anmaßung von Wissen

Complexity / Interdisciplinarity

"It‘s always the other author(s) who publishes too much and “pollutes“, “floods”, “eutroficates” the literature, never me." (Braun and Zsindely 1985)

Technology

Do It Yourself

→ Open Science as basis

Crowdsourcing

● GalaxyZoo

●

Crowdfunding

● Sciencestarter

Citizen Science

Do Open Science on your own

Research

● Publish papers, dissertation, etc.

● Release data and source code

Academia: course works, bachelor and master theses

Workshops & Hackathons

Politically: universities, student unions, departments,

etc.

→ Open Science Projekt & OKFN Österreich

Open Science Working Group @ OKFN Austria

● Today: meeting of working group 6pm

Wissensturm Linz

● Focus 2013: Open Access

● Open Science Manifesto

● Hackathons

● MeetUp's : every four weeks

● okfn.at/arbeitsgruppen/open-science-austria/

● Open Science Mailingliste!

https://github.com/skasberger/OpenScience-presentations

Knowledge is shareable!

All trademarks and product names mentioned in this presentation are registered trademarks of the particular producer respectively corporation.

Slide 1: Open Science Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Science_Logo.jpg● Author: G.emmerich● license: CC BY-SA unported

Slide 3: Quote Science @ Wikipedia● Source: Wikipedia● URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science

Slide 4: Quote Open Definition● Source: OKFN● URL: http://opendefinition.org/

Slide 4: Tin Can Bild● Source: http://www.goldenswamp.com/2008/08/21/science-online-and-open-begins-to-replace-crazy-old-model/● Author: Golden Swamp● License: CC BY US

Slide7: 4 Pillars of Open Science by Kraker et. al (2011)● Source: The case for an open science in technology enhanced learning; Kraker; Derick Leony; Wolfgang Reinhardt; Günter

Beham; International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning (IJTEL), Vol. 3, No. 6, 2011● URL: http://know-center.tugraz.at/download_extern/papers/open_science.pdf

Sources & References

Slide 8: Linzer Harbor (background)● Data Source: CC-BY-AT-3.0: Stadt Linz - data.linz.gv.at

Slide 9: Linux Tux Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.svg● Author: Larry Ewing, Simon Budig, Anja Gerwinski● License: The copyright holder of this file allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is

properly attributed. Redistribution, derivative work, commercial use, and all other use is permitted.

Slide 9: Quantum GIS Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:QGis_Logo.png● Author: Anita Graser● License: CC BY-SA unported

Slide 9: Open Source Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opensource.svg● Author: Converted from file at http://opensource.org/trademarks by en:User:Brighterorange● License: CC BY 2.5 Generic

Slide 14: Quote Jack Andraka● Source: Die Welt ● URL: http://www.welt.de/gesundheit/article113630589/15-jaehriger-Schueler-revolutioniert-die-Krebsmedizin.html

Slide 18: Open Educational Resources Logo● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Open_Educational_Resources_Logo.svg● Author: Jonathasmello● License: CC BY 3.0 unported

Slide 20: Quote Forbes● Source: Forbes ● URL: http://www.forbes.com/sites/brucebooth/2012/09/26/scientific-reproducibility-begleys-six-rules/

Slide 20: Photo Carmen M. Reinhart● Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carmen_M._Reinhart_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2011.jpg● Author: World Economic Forum● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic

Slide 20: Research Cycle● Source: http://ency.cl/File:Research_cycle.png● Author: Cameron Neylon● License: CC BY 2.0 Generic

Slide 21: Plasma Lamp (background)● Source: http://opencage.info/pics.e/large_9892.asp● Author: opencage.info● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic

Slide 22: Linked Open Data Graph● Source: https://secure.flickr.com/photos/okfn/5684212276● Author: OKFN● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic

Slide 23: IBM Blue Gene Supercomputer● Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_Blue_Gene_P_supercomputer.jpg● Author: Argonne National Laboratory's Flickr page● License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic