Open Forum Discussion (10 – 15 mins)

1

Please share your jobs in high-tech and innovation.

What future job opportunities will there be?

Future World and

Future Education (1)

Ms. Winnie Au Liberal Studies Panel Coordinator

12 October 2019

A Talk to Pre- G1 Parents Speaker’s

Copy

2

Prof. Rex Li Founder & Curriculum Director

Objectives

3

1

2

3

4

To outline how technology changes society in the past 300 years.

To outline the changing generations and values of the last 50 years.

To give an overview of the shape of 21st century education.

To show how G.T. is matching the demands of future society.

Outline

Part I The 4th Industrial Revolution

The Changing Generations and Society

21st Century Education

G.T. Education in 21st Century

Part II

Part III

Part IV

4

The 4th Industrial Revolution*

01

5 Based on Schwab (2016), with substantial revision from author

The 4th Industrial Revolution

German engineer and economist

Professor of business policy at the University of Geneva (1972-2002)

Founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum

By Klaus Schwab (2015) I

6

ds

Energy Source

Coal

Main Technical Advance

Steam engine

Industry

Textile

Steel

Transport (communication)

Train Steamship (letters)

Problems

Low efficiency

1st Industrial Revolution (1760 – 1860)

Low transport efficiency of burning coal

7

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

1776

(1736 – 1819)

Energy Source

Oil

Main Technical Advance

Internal combustion engine

Transport (communication)

Train Car

2nd Industrial Revolution (1860 – 1950)

Electricity

Industry

Metallurgy

Auto industry Airplane

(telegram, telephone)

Problems

Pollution

Health

Lead added to oil

Helps combustion engine efficiency

Lead particles in the air 8

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

Machine building

3rd Industrial Revolution (1960 – 2000)

Energy Source

Natural gas

Main Technical Advance

Computer

Transport (communication)

Jet plane (fax/internet) Nuclear

energy

Industry

Auto industry

Problems

Safety

Energy depletion

9

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

Robots Chemistry

Chernobyl, Russia (1986)

Fukushima, Japan (2011)

Transport (communication)

High-speed train (social media)

Main Technical Advance

Internet

3D printer

Genetic engineering

AI

Industry

Robotics

Data mining

Pharmaceuticals

Green energies

Energy Source

Problems

Controlled by machine algorithms

Unknown future

10

The 4th Industrial Revolution I 4th Industrial Revolution

(2000 - present)

Uberisation

Immediate on-demand

Peer-to-peer transaction

De-intermediary function

11

The 4th Industrial Revolution I AI and GPS

Robotics and AI

Receptionist

Chicken

Dancer

Fish Japanese Robots

12

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vwZ5FQEUFg

(3’26)

Present-day Applications

Military

Medical

Domestic

Agricultural

Hospital

Auto Industry

Heavy Industry 1

2

4

3

5

6 7

13

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Robotics and AI

Cover of Times

(4 December 2017)

Jibo the PET Robot US$899 (Jibo.com)

14

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Robotics and AI

15

The 4th Industrial Revolution I The 2nd Machine Age

Teachers grading essays

Erik Brynjolfsson & Andrew McAfee

(2014)

Stockbrokers matching deals

Drivers

Cognitive workers (white collar) will be replaced:

Synthetic Biology

16

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

History Human Genome Project (1990 – 2003)

Synthetic Biology

17

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual

(SBOL-V)

BioBricks (DNA sequences)

Genome Editing Tool (CRISPR)

E. Coli cells

How does it Work?

Synthetic Biology

Introduced by Tom Knight of MIT (2003)

BioBricks Building blocks for genetic engineering

Restriction enzymes assembly standard

(G) (C)

(A) (T) 18

The 4th Industrial Revolution I

Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL-V)

19

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Synthetic Biology

Genetic Editing

Biosensor 1 New Proteins 2

New Drugs 3

New Materials 4

Pesticides Heavy metals Pollutants Pathogens Toxins

artificial bacteria to help detect:

Perfumes Leather Silk

20

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Synthetic Biology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEpVU3_KJqU

(2’15)

Farmers

1st

Blue-collar workers

2nd

White-collar workers

3rd

Knowledge workers

4th

Consume workers

?

21

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Revolutions…

22

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Jobs Prone to Automation

Probability Occupation to be replaced

0.99 Telemarketers

0.99 Tax Preparers

0.97 Host & Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, Coffee Shop

0.97 Real Estate Brokers

0.96 Secretaries & Administrators Assistants

0.94 Couriers & Messengers

23

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Jobs Resistant to Automation

Probability Occupation to continue

0.0031 Mental Health, Substance Abuse Social Worker

0.0040 Choreographs

0.0042 Physicians & Surgeons

0.0043 Psychologists

0.0055 Human Resources Managers

0.0065 Computer System Analysts

0.0150 Chief Executives

In the past 200 years, we see:

Creative destruction Repeated destruction of old jobs and creating new ones (Schumpeter 1942)

New, New, New

Technology drives society

new industry

new products

new materials

new life

Human-machine co-habitation

24

4

Social reorganization

The 4th Industrial Revolution I Conclusion

Open Forum Discussion (10 – 15 mins)

25

Please share your jobs in high-tech and innovation.

What future job opportunities will there be?

The Changing Generations and Society

02

26

• “The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics”

• Ronald Inglehart (1977)

• Discovered a major intergenerational shift in the values of the populations of advanced industrial societies.

(1) Postmaterialism

Materialism

Scarcity

Survival needs

Materialistic

Economic growth

Post-

Materialism

Abundance

Autonomy

Higher value

Self-expression

(2) Generation Cohorts

1960-1980 1980-2000 2000-2010 2010-2025

Personal

Characteristics

Social Context /

Media

Materialistic Meritocracy

Competitive Hard work ethic

Individualistic Tuned to established

media Moral Conventional

Personal

Characteristics

Social Context /

Media

Somewhat

materialistic

Globalization

Oriented to self Economic stability

Emergence of Internet

1960-1980

1980-2000

• Their parents are Gen X

• 80% of them can receive higher education.

• The first generation of true digital natives.

• Very comfortable with collecting and cross-referencing many sources of information and with integrating virtual and offline experiences.

Generation Z (Born 2000-2010)

• The most technological-infused demographic up to date.

• iGeneration: use smartphones and tablets naturally.

• They are not afraid of technology or touching buttons to learn what those buttons do.

Generation Alpha (Born 2010-2025)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXFaajABy50 What Generation Alpha Has To Say About Technology - US

https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/generation-alpha-better-spotting-fake-news-not-tech-dependent-study-finds/1588035

Beano Studios (UK) surveyed 2,000 parents and children.

• knowledge is acquired by doing and experiencing

How to cope with the demands of Gen Alpha children?

Creating programs of study

that require deep learning.

Learning Experience in G.T.

Environmental Assembly-Model UN Student Leaders Convention in Singapore

Game Booth Day Joint Schools Concert

Gen Alpha children are the most connected, educated, and sophisticated generation ever.

Australia Immersion Programme

Biotechnology

Artificial Intelligence Experiments

• “The Impulse Society: What’s Wrong with Getting What We Want”

• Paul Roberts (2014)

(3)The Impulse Society

The Impulse Society

Rapidly

advancing technologies

Corrupted ideologies

Bottom-line

business ethics

Social Problems

Impulsive

buying

Short-term

self-gratification

Sensual pleasure/stimulation

Self-interested

wants

• Business exploits human impulsively and human wants for more consumption.

• Political leaders reflexively choose short-term fixes over broad, sustainable social progress.

• The capabilities of social media are influencing learning and teaching.

• Changing patterns in personal, commercial, and cultural interaction.

Introduction. (2016). In Greenhow C., Sonnevend J., & Agur C. (Eds.), Education and Social Media: Toward a Digital Future (pp. 1-8). MIT Press.

(4) Social interaction

10 Ways Social Media is Transforming our World: 1. Challenging the Status Quo 2. Changed by Exposure to Diversity 3. Support is Now Visible 4. Learn More from Each Other 5. Crowd Sourced Wisdom 6. Creativity and Inspiration is Unleashed 7. Increased Appreciation of the Unique and Handmade 8. Truth is Exposed 9. We are More Authentic 10. Anyone can Contribute

The Changing Generations and Society II

A New Habitus is Forming

44

A similar pattern of manner, attitude, taste, habit, etc.

Formed by socialization

Cyber age new habitus of the youngsters

Habitus Pierre Bourdieu

(1930-2002)

The Changing Generations and Society II

The Omnipresence of Internet

45

Social-mental Bond

Similar Mindsets Social media

Space

Cyber space

Mediator No delay No limit

Mary Chayko (1960-present)

The Changing Generations and Society II

Internet and Social Relations

46

Presence anytime anywhere

Breaks barriers of distance

Sorting to meet similar minds

Post & feeds: daily life & interest

Link up

Cyber space parallel with physical world

Present without physical presence

The Changing Generations and Society II

Social Media & Consumerism

47

For pleasure

Self-commodification

Low cost of building

No long-term bonding

Unstable, breakable

Social Relations

Zygmunt Bauman (1925-2017)

The Future of Education?

Tertiary Education in Moodle

Lecture Video Lecture Notes Supplementary Graphics

Supplementary Videos Practice Quiz Online Discussion

Educational systems must adjust,

emphasizing information and

technological skills, rather than

production-based ones.

Digital future of Education

new means of knowledge production and reception

new roles for learners and teachers

Digital future of Education

Role of Learners Role of teachers

Autonomy Monitor

Responsibility Draw the learners’ attention

Develop “inner criteria” and to

correct themselves

Facilitate students’

discoveries

Engage actively in learning

activities

Organize learning activities

• Cloud computing

• Learning Analytics

• Game-based Learning

• Open Content

• Mobile Learning

• Personalized Learning

Environments

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZlgYiXzu58 What Will Schools Look Like in the Future?

Skills that Gen Alpha children have to learn

Ways of Thinking

1. Creativity and innovation

2. Critical thinking, problem

solving, decision making

3. Learning to learn,

Metacognition

Ways of Working

4. Communication

5. Collaboration (teamwork)

Tools for Working

6. Information literacy

7. ICT literacy

Living in the World

8. Citizenship – local and global

9. Life and career

10. Personal and social

responsibility (cultural

awareness and competence)

What Are 21st Century Skills?

57

Reference List

Bauman, Z. (2003). Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, P., & Nice, R. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee A. (2016). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York: WW Norton & Co. Chayko, M. (2002). Connecting: How We Form Social Bonds and Communities in the Internet Age. New York: State University of New York Press. Inglehard, R. (1977). The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Roberts, P. (2014). The Impulse Society: America in the Age of Instant Gratification. New York: Bloomsbury. Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. New York: Random House USA Inc.