Open Education in Europe: Trends and Developments

Robert Schuwer

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Agenda

• Open101

• What is Open Education?

• What is happening around Europe?

• Opportunities for a European approach

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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

OPEN101

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What are Open Educational Resources?

• Digital, freely available learning materials

• User has four rights

– Reuse: “as is”

– Rework

– Remix

– Redistribute

• Certain conditions

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmarty/

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Conditions: open licenses

CC Naamsvermelding• Creative Commons• Three most used:

CC Attribution (CC BY)

CC Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)

CC Attribution ShareAlike NonCommercial (CC BY-NC-SA)

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A MOOC

• Massive: a lot of participants (> Number of Dunbar)

• Open: Free access

• Online: via the internet

• Course: Unit of offering: course

• A total learning experience

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Types of MOOC’s

• cMOOC: Learner centered (Connectivist learning)

– The original

• xMOOC: Teacher centered

– Start of the hype in 2012

• Task-based MOOC: Learner centered

– E.g. ds106.us (digital storytelling)

• More types are developing

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Open: a lot of meanings

– Open admission (no demands for participation)

– Open in pace (no limited period)

– Open in place (everywhere)

– Open in time (no fixed starting date; no cohort)

– Open in program (complete curriculum or some courses)

– Open for adaptation (freedom for reuse – remix – rework – redistribute)

– Freely available (no costs)

(attribution Fred Mulder)

“classical” openness

“digital” openness

Pagina 10 http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnspooner/2973385919/

WHAT IS OPEN EDUCATION?

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What is education?

• More than just resources

• More than canned lectures

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ikkoskinen/309087067/

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The 5COE model of Open Education

OpenEducation

Educational resources

Teaching effortsServices

Learner needs

Employability &Capabilities Development

Supply

Demand

Source: http://www.surf.nl/en/publicaties/Pages/TrendReportOER2013.aspx

Mulder & Janssen

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Institutional fingerprint of openness

Learning resources

Services

Teaching efforts

Learner needs

Empl. & Cap. Developm.

0% 100%

Example of institutional profile (all learning resources as OER)

Degree of openness

Openness and Open Education supply

OpenEducation

Learning resources

Teaching effortServices

•Freely available•Open for adaptation:

•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute

•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission

Not for free per se!

Open Educational Resources (OER) /Open Courseware (OCW)

OER/OCW

•Freely available•Open for adaptation:

•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute

•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission

Learning resources

Teaching effortServices

•Freely available•Open for adaptation:

•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute

•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

MOOC

•Forum•Feedback•Exam•Certificate

•Teacher•Tutor

Learning resources

Teaching effortServices

http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6199/6095764449_cf40f5aebb_o.jpg

WHAT IS HAPPENING AROUND EUROPE?

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Policies on OER in Europe: some examples

• Source: POERUP

– EU-funded Project

– Policies for OER Uptake

– http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries

• No national initiatives on other elements than OER found

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Netherlands

• Netherlands: Wikiwijs program (2008-2013)

– Aims at mainstreaming OER in all educational sectors

– Platform www.wikiwijs.nl

• Minister of Education has announced a policy letter on open and online education

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France

• Several regional initiatives

• No national policy

• National platform for MOOC’s announced (EdX)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/robinellis/6034997759/sizes/o/ (CC BY-ND)

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Germany

• National initiatives: primary, secondary and vocational education

– Lehrer Online

http://www.lehrer-online.de/lehrer-online.php

– Die Virtuelle Schule: http://www.virtuelle-schule.de/

• No national policy

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Poland

• National policy: primary, secondary and vocational education

– Create open textbooks

– 15 organisations involved

http://www.flickr.com/photos/polandmfa/7367963092/sizes/l/ (CC BY-ND)

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United Kingdom

• National initiatives

– JISC/HEA OER program (2009-2012)

• Massive creation of OER for HE

• Focus on several fields (e.g. arts&media, bioscience, business,...)

• Research on OER-related issues

– SCORE (2009-2012)

• Disseminare best practices

– JorumOpen: national repository

http://www.flickr.com/photos/polandmfa/7367963092/sizes/l/ (CC BY-ND)

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MOOC platforms in Europe (oktober 2013)

Source: http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/uvanianaidoo1.map-b815u9pe/page.html#3/16.05/5.10

OpenupEdFuturelearn

Alison

Iversity

OpenHPI

Crypt4You

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OpenUpEd: pan European initiative on MOOC

• Initiated by EADTU

• Launched 25 April 2013

• Umbrella: EU-initiative Opening Up Education

• Platform for access to MOOC’s

• Quality label (a.o. Openness to learners, Digital openness, Learner centered approach, Independent learning, Media-supported interaction, Recognition options)

• Currently 174 courses from 11 partners

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OpenUpEd: some stats

• Without much marketing efforts:

• Stats since April 25 to 30-09-2013

• 10.5 million hits (last 4 months stable at 1.2 million)

• 125.000 unique visitors (30.000 April & May; since June 15.000)

• 7.750 newsletter registrations

• Most visits from Spain, Italy, Portugal, US

• and another 35-40 countries with significant numbers of visits

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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

OPPORTUNITIES FOR A EUROPEAN APPROACH

CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

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Opportunities

• Bologna agreement: European Credit Transfer System

– Recognition for MOOC-based learning elsewhere

• EU Program Opening Up Education

– Stimulus for joint development of open and online education

• But how to capitalize on this?

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OER: no regret for government

• Threefold responsibility for government regarding education

– Accessible

– Quality

– Efficiency

• In a sustainable manner

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OER: iron triangle

Starting situation Increased efficiency OER situation

Source: Fred Mulder

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Ceterum censeo materia facta tributo oblatum esse gratuito

http://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/ CC BY-SA

FINALLY

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Thank you!

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Robert.Schuwer@ou.nl

@fagottissimo

linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer

www.robertschuwer.nl