TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE

1. Declaration2. Acknowledgement3. Abstract4. Table of contents5. List of figuresCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1. Automatic drain cleaner

CHAPTER 2LITERATURE SURVEY2.1. Alkaline drain openers2.2. Acidic drain openers2.3. Handheld drain augers2.4. Electric drain cleaners

CHAPTER 3THEORY3.1. Components lists3.2. Square hollow pipe3.3. Bearings3.4. Chain Sprocket3.5. Bush Roller chain3.6. Tank3.7. Motor3.8. Transformer3.9. Rectifier3.10. Nut and bolts3.11. Water filtering grille3.12. Rod

CONCLUSION 27

REFERENCES 28

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO. TITLE OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

1. Alkaline drain openers2. Acidic drain openers3. Handheld drain augers4. Electric drain cleaners5. Enzymatic drain cleaners6. Hollow square pipe7. Bearings8. Chain sprocket9. Bush roller chain10. Shaft11. Tank12. DC motor13. Transformer14. Rectifier15. Nut and bolt16. Water filtering grille17. Rods

List of components used:-

S.NONameQuantityMaterialCost

1.Big Square hollow pipe30 ftMS700

2.Small square hollow pipe6 ftMS300

3.Rectangular hollow pipe1 ftMS150

4.Transformer1300

5.Rectifier1200

6.Gear2MS100

7.Bearings4MS+RB1200

8.Shafts2MS300

9. Chain3MS300

10.Chain sprocket4250

11.Tank1Tin250

12Geared Motor1350

13Rods12+1 pcsMS75

14Water filtering grille150

15Labour cost(welding etc)-500

16Travelling cost550+300

TOTAL-5785

CHAPTER 1IntroductionAutomatic drain cleaner is the system installed in an open canal, river or drainage passage so that manual extraction of waste to be replaced through it. This helps us to prevent the spreading of diseases in between humans by manual working in garbage waste. Plastic & other waste dump & block the flow of water in Canal & Rivers near the bridges support pillars, so it can extract out from river & canal & allow the water to flow without any obstacle. Then, may pass through conveyors to recycling plant.

CHAPTER 2Literature SurveyA drain cleaner is a chemical based consumer product that unblocks sewer pipes or helps to prevent the occurrence of clogged drains. The term may also refer to the individual who uses performs the activity with chemical drain cleaners or devices known as plumber's snake. Drain cleaners can be classified in two categories: chemical, or device. If a single sink, toilet, or tub or shower drain is clogged the first choice is normally a drain cleaner that can remove soft obstructions such as hair and grease clogs that can accumulate close to interior drain openings. Chemical drain cleaners, plungers, handheld drain augers, air burst drain cleaners, and home remedy drain cleaners are intended for this purpose. If more than one plumbing fixture is clogged the first choice is normally a drain cleaner that can remove soft or hard obstructions along the entire length of the drain, from the drain opening through the main sewer drain to the lateral piping outside the building. Electric drain cleaners and sewer jetters are intended for this purpose.

2.1 Chemical drain cleanersChemical drain cleaners can be in solid or liquid form that is readily available through hardware stores, though some (primarily acidic ones) are intended for use by licensed plumbers. Alkaline drain cleaners are available in either solid or liquid state while the acidic ones are usually in liquid form.

2.2 Alkaline drain openers

Fig No:-1 Alkaline drain openers

Bottles of alkaline drain cleaners containing soium hydroxide can dissolve greases and hair.Alkaline drain openers primarily contain sodium hydroxide and some may contain potassium hydroxide. They may appear in liquid or solid form.Liquid formulations of corrosive alkaline drain cleaners can contain sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and lye (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) in concentrations up to 50 percent. Other corrosive mixtures come as two-part cleaners that are mixed as they are poured in the drain opening. Inside the drain the two solutions react to release a gas, and surfactants trap the gas as dense foam. The intent of this foaming action is to coat the inside of the drain pipe to dislodge more of the substances that form the clog.Solid formulations of corrosive alkaline drain cleaners in the form of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide granules can provide more concentrated effective ingredients. Some patented, solid-formula cleaners add aluminum turnings that react with the solid hydroxide in water to heat the caustic mixture to a boil.Alkaline drain openers can dissolve hair (containing proteins) and fats inside pipes via alkaline hydrolysis of amide and ester respectively:RCONH2(amide or proteins)+ OH NH3 + RCOORCO2R(ester or fats)+ OH R'OH + RCOO2.3 Acidic drain openers

Fig No:-2 Acidic drain openers

Acidic drain cleaners usually contain sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid) at a high concentration which turns a piece of pH paper red and chars it instantly.

Apart from grease and hair, an acidic drain cleaner containing sulfuric acid can be also used to dissolve tissue paper inside water pipes.

The acid in drain openers reacts with aluminum oxide on the surface of some pipes.Acid drain cleaners usually contain sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid) at high concentrations.[2] It can dissolve proteins and fats via hydrolysis and since sulfuric acid at high concentrations also has a strong dehydrating property, it readily dissolves tissue paper inside pipes through dehydration as well.According to a manufacturer, potential hazards include violent reaction with water and the production of explosive hydrogen vapors upon contact with most metals; chronic (delayed) and acute (immediate) health hazards if inhaled, ingested, or contacted, including severe eye, flesh and skin burns or even permanent visual loss, inflammation of respiratory membranes, and corrosive burns to all human tissue. It may even be fatal if swallowed.[3] Due to the vigorous reaction between the acid and water, such acidic drain openers should be added slowly into the pipe to be cleaned.Here are the ways where acidic drain openers hydrolyze proteins and fats via acid hydrolysis, similar to their alkaline versions mentioned above:RCONH2(amide or proteins)+ H2O + (H+ or acid) NH4+ + RCOOHRCO2R'(ester or fats) + H2O + acid or dehydrating agent (e.g. conc. sulfuric acid) RCO2H + R'OHSulfuric acid at high concentrations in drain openers also dehydrates substances containing carbohydrates, like tissue paper which consists of cellulose:(C6H10O5)n + sulfuric acid 6n C + 5n H2OUsage considerationsAdvantages of chemical drain cleaners include ready availability of some formulations through retailer stores and potential ease of use for removing soft hair and grease clogs that accumulate close the drain openings.Disadvantages of chemical drain cleaners include a lack of effectiveness for removing clogs far from the drain opening (for example, clogs that occur in toilets[4] or in the main sewer drain), an inability to remove most solid obstructions, and the safety considerations outlined below.Danger arises from chemical drain cleaners' potential to injure eyes, lungs, and skin; and damage to clothing and household materials such as wood, paint, aluminum, and fiberglass. Chemical drain cleaners should be used only according to the manufacturer's instructions, as other use may cause injury. Strongly corrosive and acid drain cleaners are among the most hazardous household products available to the public. Chemical drain cleaners can cause strong reactionssometimes explosivelywith other chemicals that may have been used previously, which can result in serious injury to anyone in the vicinity.2.4 Handheld drain Augers

Fig No:-3 Handheld drain augerHandheld drain augers are typically designed to clean portions of a drain within 8 meters (25ft) of the drain opening. The cable of a handheld drain auger is driven into a drain by the mechanical force created when the operator rotates a drum that anchors the cable.Many handheld augers have cables that are thin enough to pass through common sink traps, though some manufacturers do not recommend using handheld drain augers in toilets because of their potential to scratch ceramic surfaces. Instead, a special closet auger (from "water closet") should be used.Similar to handheld augers, drain rods can be used for clearing blockages in long, straight pipes.Advantages of handheld drain augers include low relative cost and ready availability through hardware stores. However, drawbacks include a reach that is normally limited to 8 meters (25ft), and the potential for the twisting cable to scratch the ceramic surfaces of plumbing fixtures. They are also only effective on small diameter pipes - 40-50mm rather than main sewer pipes of 110mm.Safety considerations include a requirement to wear protective gloves and eye protection, and to practice good hygiene after coming into contact with drain fluids.

2.5 Electric drain cleaners

Fig No:-4 Electric drain cleanerElectric drain cleaners, also called plumber's snakes, use the mechanical force of an electric motor to twist a flexible cable or spring in a clockwise direction and drive it into a pipe. Electric drain cleaners are commonly available with cable lengths of up to 40 metres and can go as far as 80 metres.Advantages of electric drain cleaners include the ability to clean long sections of sewer drain, the ability to remove solid objects such as tree roots and jewelry, and ready availability through hardware stores and tool rental counters. Machines using springs can easily negotiate multiple 90 degree bends while maintaining their effectiveness and without damaging the pipe.Disadvantages of electric drain cleaners include high relative cost and weight, and the considerable physical effort that may be required to control the cable.Safety considerations for electric drain cleaners include the requirement to wear work gloves and eye protection, to carefully control the cable during operation to avoid overstressing it, to use appropriate caution when working around rotating machinery, and to use properly grounded electrical outlets.

2.6 Enzymatic drain cleaners

Fig No:-5 Enzymatic drain cleanerEnzymatic drain cleaners contain bacteria cultures and concentrated enzymes that react with organic residue that builds up on sewer pipes, dissolving the residue to help prevent slow-running drains. Most enzymatic drain cleaners are intended for general maintenance to maintain proper flow and are not intended to clear fully clogged drain pipes.Advantages of enzymatic drain cleaners include relative safety for use in a wide range of plumbing fixtures, low environmental impact, low cost and ease of use.Disadvantages of most enzymatic drain cleaners include longer cleaning times compared to most other drain cleaners. Because enzymatic cleaners rely on liquid flowing through the pipe to disperse, they are also generally not intended to open completely clogged drains.Safety considerations for enzymatic drain cleaners include a requirement to avoid contact with eyes and prolonged contact with skin.Alternate termsLiquid sosa is the well-known term for drain cleaner (in liquid form) in the Philippines.A plunger is a device that is used to release stoppages in plumbing. The tool consists of a rubber cup with an attached stick "shaft", usually made of wood or plastic. A different bellows-like design also exists, usually constructed of plastic. For the common plunger, the cup is pushed down against the drain opening, and either pressed hard into the drain to force air in, or is pushed down until the rubber cup is flattened, then pulled out, causing a vacuum that attracts material. The intent is to loosen or break up a blockage caused by excessive material in the drain.A kitchen plunger looks like a ball cut in half while a toilet plunger looks more like a distorted ball with a large hole on the bottom.[1]A plunger is much more effective when there is water in the pipe because water does not compress and will thus transmit more of the applied force than air.[2] When a plunger is ineffective, it is often supplemented by a chemical drain cleaner in the case of sinks and tubs, or in cases of main line, toilet or stubborn clogs, a plumber's snake.A plumber's snake is a slender, flexible auger used to dislodge clogs in plumbing. The plumber's snake is often reserved for difficult clogs that cannot be loosened with a plunger. It is also sometimes called a toilet jack or electric eel. An auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade called a "flighting" to act as a screw conveyor to remove the drilled out material. The rotation of the blade causes the material to move out of the hole being drilled.An auger used for digging post holes is called an 'earth auger', 'handheld power earth drill', 'soil auger', or 'mechanized post hole digger'. This kind of auger can be a manually turned, handheld device, or powered by an electric motor or internal-combustion engine, possibly attached to a tractor (being provided with power by the tractor engine's power take-off as shown). Handheld augers can also be used for making holes for garden planting.Wood augers have a screw to pull them into the wood, as a gimlet has, and a cutting lip that slices out the bottom of the hole. The auger bit, meant to be used in a brace, also has cutting spurs to cut a clean circle deeper than where the lips scrape out the wood. In construction, augers are used for special drilling rigs to dig holes for deep foundation piles. Another use is for piles forming a piling retaining wall, which can be constructed in the same way as foundation piles.Augers either gas- or hand-powered are used by ice fishermen to drill holes to fish through. Drilling into maple trees to extract maple syrup is also carried out with the use of augers.

CHAPTER 3THEORY

3.1.1. Square hollow pipe:- Ahollow structural section(HSS) is a type of metalprofilewith a hollow tubularcross section. The term is used predominantly in USA, or other countries which follow US construction or engineering terminology.HSS members can be circular, square, or rectangular sections, although other shapes are available, such as elliptical. HSS is only composed ofstructural steelper code.HSS is sometimes mistakenly referenced ashollow structural steel.Rectangular and square HSS are also commonly calledtube steelorstructural tubing. Circular HSS are sometimes mistakenly calledsteel pipethough true steelpipeis actually dimensioned and classed differently from HSS. (HSS dimensions are based on exterior dimensions of the profile, while pipes are essentially dimensioned based on interior diameters, as needed to calculate areas for flow of liquids.) The corners of HSS are heavily rounded, having a radius which is approximately twice the wall thickness. The wall thickness is uniform around the section.

Fig No:-06 Hollow Square Pipe3.1.2. Bearings:- Abearingis amachine elementthat constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction betweenmoving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for freelinearmovement of the moving part or for freerotation around a fixed axis; or, it maypreventa motion by controlling thevectorsofnormal forcesthat bear on the moving parts. Many bearings alsofacilitatethe desired motion as much as possible, such as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear"a bearing being a machine element that allows one part to bear (i.e., to support) another. The simplest bearings arebearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size,roughnessand location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are veryprecisedevices; their manufacture requires some of the highest standards ofcurrent technology.

Fig No:-07 Bearing

3.1.3. Chain sprocket:- Asprocketorsprocket-wheel[2]is a profiledwheelwith teeth, cogs,or even sprocketsthat mesh with achain,trackor other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from agearin that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from apulleyin that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.Sprockets are used inbicycles,motorcycles,cars,tracked vehicles, and othermachineryeither to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel. Early automobiles were also largely driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles

Fig No:-08 Chain Sprocket

3.1.4. Bush Roller Chain:- Roller chainorbush roller chainis the type ofchain drivemost commonly used for transmission ofmechanical poweron many kinds of domestic,industrialand agricultural machinery, includingconveyors,wire- andtube-drawingmachines,printing presses,cars,motorcycles, andbicycles. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called asprocket. It is a simple, reliable, and efficient[1]means of power transmission.ThoughHans Renoldis credited with inventing the roller chain in 1880, sketches byLeonardo da Vinciin the 16th century show a chain with aroller bearing.[2]

There are actually two types oflinksalternating in thebushroller chain. The first type is inner links, having two inner plates held together by two sleeves or bushings upon which rotate two rollers. Inner links alternate with the second type, the outer links, consisting of two outer plates held together by pins passing through the bushings of the inner links. The "bushingless" roller chain is similar in operation though not in construction; instead of separate bushings or sleeves holding the inner plates together, the plate has a tube stamped into it protruding from the hole which serves the same purpose. This has the advantage of removing one step in assembly of the chain.

Fig No:-09 Bush Roller Chain

3.1.5. Shaft:- Adrive shaft,driveshaft,driving shaft is a mechanical component for transmittingtorqueand rotation, usually used to connect other components of adrive trainthat cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them.As torque carriers, drive shafts are subject totorsionandshear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. They must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase theirinertia.

Fig No:-10 Shafts

3.1.6. Tank:-.Tank is used to collect the waste from sewerage and it is placed behind the whole system. The waste collected by the rod moving by the chain and sprockets is collected in it.

Fig No:-11 Tank3.1.7. Geared Motor:- Anelectric motoris anelectrical machinethat convertselectrical energy into mechanicalenergy. The reverse of this would be the conversion ofmechanical energyintoelectrical energyand is done by anelectric generator.In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor'smagnetic fieldandwinding currentsto generate force within the motor. In certain applications, such as in the transportation industry withtraction motors, electric motors can operate in both motoring andgenerating or brakingmodes to also produce electrical energy from mechanical energy.Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered bydirect current (DC)sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or byalternating current (AC)sources, such as from the power grid,invertersor generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression andpumped-storageapplications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on.Fig No:-12 DC Motor3.1.8. Transformer:- Atransformeris an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits throughelectromagnetic induction.A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varyingmagnetic fluxin the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the secondary winding. This varyingmagnetic fieldat the secondary induces a varyingelectromotive force(EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use ofFaraday's Lawin conjunction with highmagnetic permeabilitycore properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently changeACvoltages from one voltage level to another within power networks.Transformers range in size fromRFtransformers less than a cubic centimetre in volume to units interconnecting thepower gridweighing hundreds of tons. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power applications. Since the invention in 1885 of the first constantpotentialtransformer, transformers have become essential for the ACtransmission,distribution, and utilization of electrical energy.

Fig No:- 13 Transformer3.1.9. Rectifier:- Arectifieris an electrical device thatconvertsalternating current(AC), which periodically reverses direction, todirect current(DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known asrectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, includingvacuum tubediodes,mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers,semiconductor diodes,silicon-controlled rectifiersand other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers, calledcrystal radios, used a "cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal ofgalena(lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector".

Fig No:-14 Rectifier3.1.10. Nut&Bolt:- Hexagonal nuts are used in this project having variable dimensions at different place.Nut and bolts are used for joining of two different plates.It is also called as temporary joints of two different material and can be easily open and close the joint.

Fig No:-15 Nut &Bolts

3.1.11.Water filtering grille:- Agrilleorgrill(French word from Latincraticula, small grill) is an opening of several slits side by side in a wall or metal sheet or other barrier, usually to let air or water enter and/or leave but keep larger objects includinganimalsin or out.[1]

Fig No:-16 Water filtering grille3.1.12. Rod:- The Rodsare anAmericanheavy metalband formed in 1978 by David "Rock" Feinstein (guitarandvocals), Steven Starmer ([bass guitar] and vocals), who was later replaced by Garry Bordonaro (bassand vocals) after the first two albums, and Carl Canedy (drumsand vocals).Feinstein had first come to mainstream attention after playing inElf, with his cousinRonnie James Dio. The Rods sound differed considerably from Elf, adopting a more traditional heavy metal sound compared with the blues-rock sound that Elf preferred.Their first album was originally released independently asRock Hardin 1980 and the following year the band was signed byArista Records, who reordered the album tracks and released it simply titledThe Rods. Their second albumWild Dogsfollowed in 1982 and was re-released in 2004.

Fig No:-17 RodsCONCLUSIONThis project is made in respect to demolish the manual labor & want to introduce with technology i.e Automatic Drain Cleaning System which is successful & if we made it on large scale than it would be beneficial for residents of various cities in rainy season. If this type of mechanism installed in various cities by Municipal Committee than spreading of diseases may reduce upto 80%.

REFERENCES

2