Open Access, What’s Next ? Publishers and Librarians Working Relationship Maurice Kwong...
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Transcript of Open Access, What’s Next ? Publishers and Librarians Working Relationship Maurice Kwong...
Open Access, What’s Next ?Publishers and Librarians Working Relationship
Maurice KwongBioMedCentral, Asia
CONCERT, November 2010, Taipei
Realizing Open Access
• Institutional Repositories (IR)– Driven by Libraries– Management of IR– Green Route to Open Access
• Open Access Publishing – Driven by Publishers– Publisher version for IR– Immediate Open Access– Gold Route to Open Access
What Does Open Access Mean to Everybody ?
“Medicine is the study for saving lives. Medical doctors should not claim any intellectual property rights on knowledge acquired at the risk of patients’ lives. Application of Medical knowledge that will save more lives should be disseminated free from any barriers immediately”,
Dr Zeng Zhaochong, Editor of BMC Cancer JournalMedical Radiologist,Fudan University
Advantages of Open Access Publishing
• Greater accesses to research results, especially readers in developing countries
• Faster dissemination of knowledge• Higher Author Visibility• Relatively early citation advantage for quality
articles against traditional channels (advantage diminishes when Open Access publishing becomes more popular or even main stream of publication)
• Enhancing and enlarging the research cycle
Barriers to Open Access
• OA Repositories Mandate and its execution• Authors’ Awareness on Open Access Publishing
– Choice of submission– Quality issues
• Authors’ Understanding of Open Access Repositories– Existence of IR– Deposit process, technical or human
• Publishers’ self archiving policies– Preprint– Postprint– Embargo
Copyright Issues in Institutional Repositories
Common situation• The authors own the copyrights of the research• In traditional scholarly publishing, the authors normally
transfer the copyrights to the publishers or learned societies
Complicated Copyright Issues in IR Policies Setting• Any IR policy should not influence authors’ choice of
where to submit for publication• If the affiliated institutions of the authors (or the research
funding bodies) have the policies of full rights over the research findings
• Whether or not the IR policies is mandatory • Which versions ?
Copyright Issues in Institutional Repositories
Licensed to Use and Disseminate
• Has the copyright been transferred to third parties ?• When Open Access can be authorized (embargo) ?• Can the author authorize to disseminate by CC ?• Any contradiction to the Library’s IR policies ?• IR Findability• User Education and Promotion
The Evolving Definition of Open Access Revisited
• Free at the point of use
• Archiving/Preservation
• Dissemination and sharing
• Reuse, recycle and remix• Enhancing new knowledge findings
Reuse, Recycle and Remix with Creative Commons
Different Creative Commons Attributions
Attribution-NoDerivs
Attribution-ShareAlike
Attribution-NonCommercial
Or a combination of the above
Publishers Policies on IR
522 (5%)
6440 (63%)
3226 (32%)
Journal titles (10,188 )
61 (12%)
194 (37%)
268 (51%)
Publishers (523)
Preprint Not allowedPostprint
Source : ROMEO, ROARMAP, As at August 22, 2010
Global Growth of Mandatory IR Policies
Source: http://www.openscholarship.org
Global Growth of Institutional Repositories
Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7, 2010
By October 7, 1,749 database worldwide
Institutional Repositories in Asia
Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7, 2010
39
90
11
Growth of Institutional Repositories in Taiwan
By October 7, 39 database in Taiwan
Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7, 2010
Global Growth of Pure OA Journals
Source : DOAJ, August 16, 2010 YTD Aug 16
Subject Disciplines Distribution of Pure OA Journals
Overlay Journals
An overlay journal is a collection or grouping of open access articles from institutional repositories or public domains.
– It can have its own editorial board and peer review process– It groups scattered resources into themed collection– It provides links to the original articles via its TOC– An example of Re-use in Open Access– Strictly speaking, it is not publishing but reorganizing free
intellectual resources until it develops its own original submissions from authors
– It works for newly emerged research areas and the collection can develop into a journal of original submissions after it is established
– Not popular in the STM publishing and learned society communities
Springer – the Pioneer Publisher of Hybrid Journals
Springer initiated Open Choice, now commonly known as Hybrid model in Journal publishing.
Experimental Cooperation with Academic Insitutions
Pricing of Hybrid Journals
Over 30 Springer Open Choice journal titles reduces its subscription prices in 2011
OA Option Taken Up Rates in 2008(Source : ALPSP/John Cox Associates 2008)
Total Sample size is 34 publishers with Hybrid business model
3
4
2
9
7
6
2
0
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
0% 0 - 0.1% 0.1% - 0.5% 0.5% - 1% 1% - 5% 5% - 10% 10% - 20% 20% - 50% 50% - 100%
Nu
mb
er
of
Pu
bli
sh
ers
Predicted Ceiling
Take up Rate in
the Market is
10%
53% 91%
OA Take up Rates in Hybrid Journals
Peer Review in STM Publishing
• Not all STM journals are peer reviewed• Peer reviewed journals grow as the total number of published journals grow
2006Total 60,911 titles
~ 39%
peer reviewed
2009Total 65,817 titles
~ 39%
peer reviewed
Source : Ulrich’s and DOAJ
Peer Review in Pure Open Access Journals
• From 2006 to 2009, pure OA journals grew by 50%• Peer reviewed pure OA journal only grew by 22%, from
1,901 to 2,313 titles
2006Total 2,690 titles
~ 71% (1,901)
peer reviewed
2009 Total 4,401 titles
~ 57% (2,313)
peer reviewed
Source : Ulrich’s and DOAJ
Global Share of Articles Published in 2008/2009
OA Article Share 9.4% (~126,900)
Total annual article output
~1.35 million
Source : Outsell, An Open Access Primer , September 21, 2009
Global Market Share of OA articles
Global Market Share of OA articles
According to the SOAP 2009/2011 interim Report presented on August 23, 2010 in Prague COASP meeting :
• There were 116,883 articles published in 2,838 OA journals
• Thereby projecting the market share of OA articles at 10%
• Limited growth of Hybrid journals
• OA has been proved as a sustainable business model
• Growing number of publishers with green IR policy
• Further increase of market share of OA articles
• More and more pure OA publishers
• Rapid growth of OA journals
The New Landscape of STM Publishing
Forecast of Market Share of OA articles
Year 2000
~0%
Year 2000
~0%
Year 2010
~10%
Year 2010
~10%
Year 2015
~ ?%
Year 2015
~ ?%
Assuming :
Annual Total Articles grow by 3.5%
Annual OA Articles grow by 20%
21%
Forecast of Market Share of OA articles
Year 2000
~0%
Year 2000
~0%
Year 2010
~10%
Year 2010
~10%
Year ?
~50%
Year ?
~50%
Assuming :
Annual Total Articles grow by 3.5%
Annual OA Articles grow by 20%
Year 2021
Forecast of Market Share of OA articles
10%
21%
24%
28%
44%33%
51%38%
Forecast of Market Share of OA articles
Where is the equilibrium ?
When will it come ?
10%21%
24%
28%
44%33%
51%38%
$$
Publishers role in the evolving OA Definition
• Change of business model, authors pay• Birth of Hybrid Journals
• Archival policies for IR• IR framework agreement with libraries
• Marketing, platform and interface development
• Pure OA publishing business model• Develop OA publishing institutional membership
+
And next …..
Libraries Role in the Evolving OA Definition
• Collect, integrate and navigate
• Licensing in and build IR• IR framework agreement with publishers
• Licensing out and manage findability• Marketing and Access Promotion
• Engage in pure OA publishing• Join publisher as institutional members
Are You already on the Gold Route to OA or Still Waiting ?
Evolving OA
Definition
Publishers and Library Working Relationship in the Gold OA Route
New Landscape in Academic Publishing and cooperation
Instead of confrontation, we can choose to cooperate, play new roles and grow together by participating in this sustainable publishing model
for highly effective scholarly communication.
Thank you.