Open Access, Open Science, and Open

ResearchKshitiz Khanal

Researcher at Kathmandu Living LabsOpen Science Team Lead at Open Knowledge Nepal

What does OPEN mean? • Anything that is freely and openly available.

• Open Ground. Any can enter for free.

• The ecosystem of Open. Open Data, Open Street Maps. Open Access. Open Science. Open Knowledge.

What is free anyway?• Free as in “free beer”, or free as in “Freedom”• Facebook vs PHP

Open Access• Open Access to Scientific Literature (published research output like

research paper, conference paper, theses)

• How it works now

• The Paywall Café

Open Access in Nepal• All Nepali journals are free to access• Can be found in http://nepjol.info

• Nepali authors prefer to submit to closed access journals with higher impact factors

Open Science • Open Science is broader than Open Access

• Encompasses Open Research Data, Methods, Experiments, Instruments, Tools

• Science does not mean only natural science like mathematics, biology but social science, economics etc.

Attribution: Petr Knoth and Nancy Pontika - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50529549

Open Science and Research Data Sharing practice in Nepal• Practically nonexistent. • Data sharing is discouraged. Culture, Data Quality

Why Open Research data? • Data is the new oil. - Clive Humby, UK Mathemetician and architect of Tesco’s Clubcard,

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

The best use of your data will be thought of by someone else. - Rufus Pollock, cofounder of Open Knowledge International

Example: OSM in Nepal, Disaster Management

Call to action• Nothing is only a domain nowadays. They make an ecosystem, where

everything influences every other thing.

• Data, Literature, Science, Software, Tools. All come together in creation and diffusion of knowledge. Philosophy of openness is shared.

• Practice. Every individual can make influence. By being an example.

• Publishing in Open Access journals• Sharing research data• Example: Air pollution data in Kathmandu, Data from Large Hadron

Collider• Funders should encourage open science. (example: Bill and Melinda

Gates Foundation, Shuttleworth Foundation)