Open access: a funders Open access: a funders perspectiveperspective Robert KileyRobert KileyHead of e-strategyHead of e-strategyWellcome LibraryWellcome Libraryr.kiley@wellcome.ac.ukr.kiley@wellcome.ac.uk

Thursday 14th Sept - Plenary Session

OverviewOverview

Summary of the Trust’s OA policy Consider why the Trust supports OA Provide some estimates of cost for providing OA to research

outputs Discuss UK PMC - aims and objectives Look at the OA policies of other funders Conclusion

The Wellcome Trust - AboutThe Wellcome Trust - About

The Wellcome Trust is an independent charity funding research to improve human and animal health.

Established in 1936 and with an endowment of around £11 billion, it is the UK's largest non-governmental source of funds for biomedical research.

We invest more than £400 million a year in biomedical research. Several major successes have been achieved through Wellcome

Trust funding, including: sequencing of the human genome development of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin pioneering cognitive behavioural therapies for psychological disorders Wellcome Library

Funded by the Wellcome Trust

Why open access matters to us...

Live search - of WT funded papers

OA at the Wellcome: policyOA at the Wellcome: policy

From October 1 2005, it became a condition of funding that a copy of any original research paper published in a peer-reviewed journal must be deposited into PubMed Central (PMC). First funding body to mandate this Books, conference proceedings, editorials, reviews are NOT

covered by this policy From October 1 2006, the condition to deposit in PMC (or

UKPMC) will become mandatory to all grant holders, irrespective of award date less than 17 days to go!

Why the Trust is supporting open Why the Trust is supporting open access to the research literature (1)access to the research literature (1)

1. To improve the quality of of research by maximising access to the research outputs Access is still an issue - PubMed 1000 exercise showed that even

researchers who has access to well-funded libraries still could not access between 10%-20% of papers

NHS professionals even worse off - only 40% of NHS-funded research is available to NHS staff

2. To enable greater integration between the research literature and its underlying research data Example – link with HomoloGene, chemical compounds, structure

datasets Data mining - enables the extraction of new facts from the literature

Why are we supporting open access Why are we supporting open access to the research literature (2)to the research literature (2)

3. Evaluation purposes - is our funding making a difference? Funder attribution: WT papers in PubMed WT papers in PMC

Usage data - new evaluation metrics becoming available

4. Long-term preservation All current articles in PMC are marked-up in XML - future-proofing

the record of medicine When you view an article in PMC (html version) this is being

rendered dynamically from the XML

Publishers and article processing Publishers and article processing costscosts

Number of publishers (OUP, CUP, BMJPG, Springer, Blackwell, Royal Society, Wiley and others) have introduced a hybrid OA model, and others are considering this. Costs vary - though seem to be coalescing around $3000 - approx. £1650 Mary Waltham/JISC study reported that in order to cover the average

online only costs for a 10 page article and deliver the average surplus these 13 journals delivered to their societies, the OA fee per article for 2004 would need to be set at £1,166.

NAR data from OUP shows no decline in submissions - overwhelming majority of authors meet these costs through their grant funding

OUP data also shows that for their hybrid OA model in the life sciences 11% - (108 out of 957) - of papers have been published under the OA model; 20% uptake in the molecular and computational biology area

Total cost?Total cost?

Trust estimates that providing OA to all the research papers it helps fund will cost between 1%-2% of its annual research budget. 4000 original research papers. If every single one of those papers

was published as an open access article, with an average cost of £1650 per article, the total cost to the Trust would be £6.64 million; just over 1% of our annual research budget.

Trust is rarely the sole funder of a research team, and more than 80% of papers that acknowledge our support also acknowledge the support of one or more other funders. In time these costs will be spread throughout the research budget and fall below the figure estimated here.

Paying for OAPaying for OA

Though OA results in free access at the point of use - it is not a cost-free endeavour There are costs associated with managing the peer review, copy-

editing, proofing, mark-up etc. The Trust views the dissemination of research as a research cost -

and thus is happy to meet these costs

Trust has awarded funding to the “Top 30” UK universities Can be used to pay “OA subscriptions” - though the University will

need to demonstrate value for money Funds administered centrally Institutions outside the “Top 30” - request OA funding as required

Bottom line - the dissemination of research should be seen as a research cost

UK PubMed Central: overviewUK PubMed Central: overview

Aim is to create a UK version of PMC A UK-hosted mirror of PMC - Example: http://web.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/

ppmc/ A manuscript submission and tracking system for WT grantees and others

http://web.nihms.nih.gov/ Manuscript conversion facilities Will use the software developed by NCBI at the NIH

UKPMC (2)UKPMC (2)

Project aims to create a stable, permanent, and free to access archive of the full text peer-reviewed research publications that arise from research funded by the UKPMC Funders Group

Partners in the UKPMC project are: Government funded: MRC, BBSRC, Department of Health, Scottish

Executive, JISC Charities: ARC, CRUK, BHF, Wellcome Trust

Estimated that around 90% of all UK-funded biomedical research is funded by this group.

Contract to run services has been awarded to a consortium led by the British Library is association with University of Manchester and European Bioinformatics Institute

Why UKPMC?Why UKPMC?

Provides the infrastructure to enable Wellcome grantees (and others within the UKPMC Funders Group) to comply with their grant conditions

A UK version of PMC will benefit the Trust, its partners and the UK research community in a number ways: UK-focussed services - evaluation of funding; development of new

metrics that could feed into a future RAE Enhanced functionality - integration with grants systems, text mining

services with other open data resources Political independence Helps to ensure that the OA principles espoused by the Trust become

a reality in the UK Systems redundancy Research becomes accessible under “one roof”

Other activitiesOther activities

Working with SHERPA to create a database of title-by-title copyright policies which will indicate whether the title has a “WT compliant policy”

Established a “publishers panel” - representatives from ALPSP, STM, and PA Trust has also contacted the 30 leading publishers (in terms of

publishing Trust-funded research) to make them aware of our policy

Developing a communication and marketing campaign to reach our research community.

Other funders: RCUK on OAOther funders: RCUK on OA June 2006: position paper reiterates RCUK’s key principles

including Ideas and knowledge derived from publicly-funded research must be

made available and accessible for public use, interrogation and scrutiny, as widely, rapidly and effectively as practicable.

RCUK will be carry out research to assess the impact of changes to publication methodologies - specifically investigate the impact of author-pays publication and self-archiving on research publishing. Study will start late in 2006 and report in late 2008.

MRC and BBSRC on OAMRC and BBSRC on OA Medical Research Council

From 1 October 2006, the MRC will require that, for new funding awards, electronic copies of any research papers that have been accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, and are supported in whole or in part by MRC-funding are deposited at the earliest opportunity – and certainly within six months - in PubMed Central (PMC).

Requests for “Author pays” charges associated with publishing may be included under consumables in applications for MRC funding.

BBSRC For awards from grant applications submitted from 1 October 2006, and

for all projects funded at BBSRC-sponsored institutes and starting from 1 October 2006, BBSRC will require a copy of any resulting published journal article or conference proceedings to be deposited, at the earliest opportunity, in an appropriate e-print repository, wherever such a repository is available.

Other OA policiesOther OA policies US NIH

Moving to a mandate. Appropriations Bill (2007) directs NIH to convert from a request - to a mandate, with a maximum 12 month embargo.Will be considered by House of Representatives and then Senate. Senate will consider the Bill this summer/autumn

Germany DFG, the largest research funder in Germany, expects the research

results funded by it to be published and to be made available, where possible, digitally and on the internet via open access.

France CNRS,INSERM, INRIA, INRA, INERIS, IRD, and ADEME are to sign a

Joint draft Agreement, defining a coordinated approach, at the national level, for open-access self-archiving of French research output.

EU Report calls for OA to publicly funded research.

ConclusionConclusion We are witnessing the beginnings of a sea-change in the

way original research papers are disseminated and made available Funders are demanding more; publishers are responding to this need

WT is showing real leadership in moving this debate forward - Winners of the SPARC Europe award for Outstanding Achievement

in Scholarly Communication (April 06)

“Ensuring that the outputs of research are freely available to all is the best way to maximise their utility. Open access is good for science, the research community and mankind” Sir John Sulston, 2006 .

Keeping up to date?Keeping up to date?

Fast moving debate Best single source is Peter Suber’s OA blog (updated

daily) at: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html

If too much - then consider subscribing to Suber’s monthly OA newsletter http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/archive.htm

Questions?Questions?