Drug-Free Safety ProgramEmployee Training 2014

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What is a Drug-Free Safety Program?

A drug free safety program is about having a work environment that protects the health and safety of the employees.

So What’s the Big Deal?

Substance use is a national problem that is also a workplace issue. According to the Department of Labor:

In 2007, of the 17.4 million current illicit drug users age 18 and over, 13.1 million (75.3 percent) were employed.

Similarly, among 55.3 million adult binge drinkers, 44.0 million

(79.4 percent) were employed, and among 16.4 million persons reporting heavy alcohol use, 13.1 million (79.6 percent) were employed.

Of the 20.4 million adults classified with substance dependence or abuse, 12.3 million (60.4 percent) were employed full-time.

Impact of Drug Abuse on Safety

Accidents — Users are three to four times more likely to have an accident on the job, and five times more likely to file a workers’ compensation claim.

Medical claims — Substance users file 300 percent to 400 percent more costly medical claims.

Why do you need a Drug Free Workplace policy?

Productivity — Substance users are 33 percent to 50 percent less productive.

Employee theft — An estimated 50 percent to 80 percent of all pilferage, theft and loss is due to substance-using employees.

Benefits of a Drug Free Workplace

Reduce operational costs

Preserve investor or shareholder interest

Protect loyal employeesImprove products and

servicesResult in better

customer services

Impact of Drug Abuse on Safety

• Absenteeism — Users are absent an average of three weeks or more per year and are tardy three times more often than non-users.

Drug Abuse is defined as . . .

Patterns of using that give rise to health problems, social problems, or both.

Drug Dependence is defined as . . .

A disease that is characterized by abnormal seeking and consumption of drugs that leads to a lack of control over using the drug.

ADDICTION(Also known as “Dependence”)

IS ADDICTION A DISEASE?

ADDICTION

Addiction is a disease.

It is the repetitive, compulsive use of a substance that occurs despite negative consequences to the user.

Addictive drugs activate circuits in the brain that respond to normal pleasures.

Every brain possesses these circuits, so every human

could potentially become addicted to a drug.

Why Do Some People Become Addicted While Others Do Not?

There are no single factors, but contributors are:

Biology/Environment – combination of an individual’s environment and genetics can operate as a risk or protective factor.

Gender, Ethnicity, emotional health are contributing risk or protective factors.

The Drugs

Commonly Abused Drugs COCAINE

Street Names:

Coke, Crack

Freebase, Snow

C Flake, White Candy

Toot, Blow

Nose Candy

Rock

Cocaine in The Brain

Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that increases levels of dopamine in the brain that allows us to experience pleasure; have the ability to move.

Physical Affects of Cocaine

Cocaine constricts blood vessels,

dilates pupils.Increases body temperature, heart

rate, and blood pressure. It can also cause headaches and

gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain and nausea.

Because cocaine tends to decrease appetite, chronic users can become malnourished.

Commonly Abused Drugs CANNABINOIDS/Marijuana

Street Names:Marijuana, THC

Hash, DopePot, ReeferJoint, GrassMaryJane

BluntSticky Icky

How is Marijuana Abused?

Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (joint) or in a pipe.

It is also smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with a mixture of marijuana and tobacco.

Blunts allow for marijuana's active ingredients to react with nicotine and other harmful chemicals.

Marijuana can also be mixed in food or brewed as a tea.

Marijuana can be detected on a urine drug screen for weeks to months.

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects Cannabinoids

Common Symptoms:altered perception

dilated pupilslack of coordinationcraving for sweetsincreased appetite

inappropriate laughter

Commonly Abused Drugs OPIATES

Street Names:Heroin

CodeineSmackHorseJunkChinaWhite

Some Narcotics

VicodanPercocetPercodanCodeineOxycontinOxycodoneHeroinMorphineFentanyl

Heroin

Heroin is an opiate drug that is synthesized from morphine.

Heroin can be injected, snorted/sniffed, or smoked—routes of administration that rapidly deliver the drug to the brain.

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects Opiates

Common Symptoms:insensitivity to pain

euphoriasedationnausea

vomitingitchiness

watery eyesrunning nose

Commonly Abused DrugsMETHADONE

Street Names:Junk

Jungle JuiceFizzies

OpiatesMethadone

Currently, it is used as a maintenance

drug for narcotic addicts.

Methadone Maintenance Users:better able to tolerate withdrawal from

their addiction. Although tolerance and addiction may

occur, withdrawal is milder than from morphine or heroin.

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects of Methadone

Common Symptoms:Constipation

Water retentionDrowsinessSkin rash

Excessive sweatingChanges in libido

Commonly Abused Drugs PROPOXYPHENE

Street Names:Darvon

DarvocetDillies

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects Propoxyphene

Common Symptoms:Staggering

Slurred speechSedation

Mild pain relief

Commonly Abused DrugsAMPHETAMINES

Street Names:Uppers, Speed

Meth, Crank, CrystalWhites, DexiesBlack Beauties

BennyJelly BeansWhite CrossBath Salts

Commonly Abused DrugsPhysical Affects Amphetamines

Common Symptoms:Loss of Appetite

AnxietyIrritability

Rapid SpeechHand Tremors

Mood Elevation

Amphetamines – How it works

In the “fight or flight” response to stress, the adrenal glands produce the hormone adrenaline, making a person feel stimulated and ready to either fight or run.

Amphetamines are chemically similar to adrenaline.

They are used for alertness, excitation, euphoria, and to suppress appetite.

Recipe for danger Recipe for danger Recipe for danger Recipe for danger

Cold and allergy medicine

Rubbing alcoholBrake CleanerEngine Starter Drain CleanerGasoline additiveCamera Batteries

Gun scrubberFarm fertilizerLyeMatchesVeterinary productsCan be made from lye

Do you recognize any of these products?

Do you recognize any of these products?

Table salt or Rock SaltGasolineMuriatic AcidCampfire FuelPaint ThinnerAcetoneMSM (cutting agent)

Methamphetamine

Chemicals are extracted from each of those products in order to produce methamphetamine.

Graphic Pictures Follow

Meth User

“Meth Mouth”

Faces of Meth

Faces of Meth

Commonly Abused Drugs PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

Street Names:Angel DustDevil Stick

PCPDummy

DustWack

Commonly Abused Drugs PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

Common Symptoms:increased pulse

increased heart rateincreased blood pressure

increased temperature

Commonly Abused DrugsBARBITURATES

Street Names:Downers, Dolls, Reds, Tuinal,

Rainbows, Yellows, Blues, Goofballs,

M&M’s, Red Devils, Barbs

Commonly Abused DrugsBARBITURATES

Common Symptoms:Depression

Decreased alertnessSlurred speech

DrowsinessConfusionDeep sleep

Commonly Abused DrugsBENZODIAZEPINES

Street Names:ValiumLibriumDownersTranqs

Commonly Abused Drugs BENZODIAZEPINES

Common Symptoms:slurred Speechdisorientation

drunken behavior(without alcohol odor)

Commonly Abused Drugs ECSTASY

Street Names:XTCAdam

Feel GoodClub Drug

MDMA/Ecstasy

MDMA is classified as a "club drug."

In the past few years, however, MDMA abuse has spread to a wide range of other settings and demographic subgroups.

Despite growing evidence of its potential harmful effects, MDMA still has a deceptive reputation as a "safe" drug among its abusers.

MDMA/Ecstasy

MDMA significantly impairs: Memory and information processing. Interferes with performing skilled activities, such as

driving a car. Moderate exposure to the drug, many MDMA

abusers report: Anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and possible

clinical depression.

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects Ecstasy

Common Symptoms:inability to sleep

low appetitehigh blood pressure

faintingnausea

hallucinationsblurred vision

sweating

Commonly Abused Drugs ALCOHOL

Street Names:BoozeHoochDrank

CocktailWhite Lightening

Commonly Abused Drugs Physical Affects Alcohol

Common Symptoms:slurred speech,

disorientationodor of alcohol, unsteady

gaitobnoxious, rapid speech

cocky, impaired judgmentvery talkative

Over The Counter Medications That May be Abused

Many over the counter and prescription medications contain alcohol and/or other ingredients that can be addictive.

Antihistamines: (Benadryl, Actifed, Coricidin, Dimetapp, Excedrin PM, Sleepeze Sinutab)

Combinations: Cough medicines which usually contain alcohol with antihistamines (Nyquil, Vicks)

Weight Control Tablets which contain amphetamines and usually a sedative or tranquilizer (Dexatrim)

Over The Counter Medications That May be Abused

Many over the counter and prescription medications contain alcohol and/or other ingredients that can be addictive.

Mouth Wash: contains alcohol

Inhalants: Neosynephrine spray and drops

Vitamin Elixers: Read the labels! Some contain high concentration of alcohol.

Testing Program

MANY EMPLOYERS TEST FOR THE FOLLOWING DRUGS:

Cocaine (and its derivatives, including crack cocaine)

Cannabinoids (THC/marijuana, hash) Opiates (heroin, codeine, etc.) Amphetamines (central nervous system

stimulants) Phencyclidine (PCP) Barbiturates (central nervous system

depressants) Propoxyphene (Darvon) Methadone Benzodiazepine (Valium, Librium, etc.) Methaqualone Ecstasy Alcohol

When Can I be Tested?

*See your companies policy for testing possibilities:Pre-Employment / New HireReasonable Suspicion / Observed BehaviorPost AccidentReturn to DutyFollow UpRandom (subject to policy)Promotion (optional)

Types of Test

Pre-Employment/New Hire – All applicants are required to consent to, take, and pass a pre-employment (post-offer)/new hire drug screening test as a condition of employment. Applicants who refuse will not be considered for employment.

Types of Test

Reasonable suspicion – If the employer has reasonable cause to believe that an employee is impaired by drugs or alcohol while on company premises or while working.

Reasonable suspicion testing may be initiated based on, but are not limited to, any of the following:

Reasonable Suspicion

Reasonable Suspicion: Observed behavior (direct observation of drug or

alcohol use) A pattern of abnormal conduct (frequent

absenteeism, excessive tardiness) Repeated violations of the company’s safety or

work rules

Common Questionable Behaviors

The following is a list of some commonsuspicious behaviors you may see in a substanceabuser (this list is not all inclusive):

Excessive absences / tardiness.Pattern of being absent on or after payday.Employee verbalizes multiple family or personal issues as

the cause for excessive absence or tardiness.Problems staying awake on the job.Consistently having problems completing job

responsibilities.

Common Questionable BehaviorsContinued

Pattern of borrowing money from co-workers

Change in appearanceUnexplained crying spellsTaking extra smoke or

bathroom breaksUnusual isolation from peersProblems concentratingOdor of Alcohol or

MarijuanaWearing sunglassesSlurred speechProlonged lunch hours

Types of Test

Post Accident- Any employee involved in an accident resulting in:

FatalityBodily injury requiring medical

attention off-site.Vehicular damage in apparent

excess of chosen dollar amount.Non-vehicular damage in apparent

excess of chosen dollar amount.If medical treatment is sought after

work hours or on the weekend, a drug test must be taken immediately upon employer notification of the injury.

Types of Test

Return to Duty or Follow up Testing – Employees who have previously tested positive and entered a rehabilitation program.

Must have a negative test prior to returning to work.

Subject to random tests for a period following return to work.

Types of Test

Random- An unannounced test that occurs at a pre-determined frequency among randomly selected employees. This includes equal probability of selection each time testing occurs. Unannounced test of all employees, or all those in a classified group (i.e. safety sensitive).

What happens if I test positive?

*See your companies policy for positive results consequences:

Telephone: (216) 404-1900Fax: (216) 404-1901

www.moorecounseling.com

Thank you for attending!