Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive… School of Architecture, Science and Technology...

Online Counseling ResourceYCMOU ELearning Drive…

School of Architecture, Science and TechnologyYashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra

Open University, Nashik – 422222, India

OC-SBT051-U01-01

Introduction

Programmes and Courses SEP – SBT051 – Unit 01

© 2007, YCMOU. All Rights Reserved. 3

School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…

Credits

Academic Inputs by Arun Punaji More.

M.Sc. (Microbiology) Experience: 11 Years [email protected]



How to Use This Resource

Counselor at each study center should use this presentation to deliver

lecture of 40-60 minutes during Face-To-Face counseling.

Discussion about students difficulties or tutorial with assignments should

follow the lecture for about 40-60 minutes.

Handouts (with 6 slides on each A4 size page) of this presentation should

be provided to each student.

Each student should discuss on the discussion forum all the terms which

could not be understood. This will improve his writing skills and enhance

knowledge level about topics, which shall be immensely useful for end

exam.

Appear several times, for all the Self-Tests, available for this course.

Student can use handouts for last minutes preparation just before end

exam.



Learning Objectives

After studying this module, you should be able to: Describe designs of various types of fermentor vessels. Discuss basic designs of various types of fermentor vessels. Describe uses of different types of fermenter for different

fermentation processes.



Introduction Do you know Microorganisms can multiply very fast. The growth rate of some bacteria is as low as 15 minutes. How it happens? Most of the Microorganisms are useful for human beings. Microorganisms can synthesize wide range of substances

useful to all of us. Even eukaryotic substances such as hormones,

immunological substances can be synthesized by cloning genes for the corresponding product into the microorganisms.

Let us see how to produce such useful Microorganisms in a large scale.



Fermenter To produce useful substances for human beings on large

scale or on industrial scale one need a system that support massive growth of microorganism and provide them optimum conditions for their growth.

This system is called fermenter or fermenter vessels. Thus it is important to design and use good fermenter

which gives maximum productivity and yield of fermentation products

This is the prime important step in successful fermentation technology.

For this purpose various fermenters are available. Fermenters are also called as Bioreactors. So let’s see various types of these fermenters.



Types Of Fermentors

Types of Fermentors or Bioreactors Agitated sparged or stirred tank fermentor. Air lift fermentor. Bubble column fermentor. Fluidised bed fermentor. Packed bed fermentor. Trickled bed fermentor. Membrane fermentor. Photo-fermentor of photo-bioreactor.



Agitated Sparged Fermentor - 1

This is most commonly used fermentor. This has a mechanically agitated vessel using flat-blade

turbine agitator. At the bottom of the vessel is fitted circular sparged ring which forced air into the fermentation broth.

Useful for high viscosity culture such filamentous bacteria. Requires high input power for mixing nutrients and oxygen. Suitable for high value , high volume fermentation processes. These are Capital intensive fermentors.



Agitated Sparged Fermentor - 2

The maximum cell-densityobtainable in this stirred

tank fermenter is often approximately at and

around 106 cells per cm3.

E. motor

Baffle

Impeller blades

spargers



Air-Lift Fermentor - 1 In this type of fermentor, in main vessel a

doubled walled hollow pipe of half size of the main vessel is fitted at center region of the main vessel. Air is forced through this hollow pipe from

the bottom. This air current lift culture fluid vertically through this hollow pipe.

When the culture fluid reaches the top of the hollow tube, it comes down through the gap between the pipe and main vessel and again it is lifted by the the current of pressured air.



Air-Lift Fermentor - 2 Note the absence of any

moving part. Simple construction. Suitable for low viscosity

cultures.



Air-Lift Fermentor - 3 The column of fluid create pressure at the

bottom of hollow tube from where air enter, help increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture fluid. Thus the current of pressurized air create

vertical movement of the culture fluid causing mixing nutrients and air into the culture fluid. Therefore the air lift fermentor does not requires stirrers.

This fermentor, thus, saves electric power required for stirrer system.



Air-Lift Fermentor - 4 Uses of Air-Lift Fermentor

Usually used to grow animal and plant cells sensitive to shearing effects of stirrer system of the air sparged fermentors.

They are also used for the production of large amount of biomass as a single cell proteins.



Bubble Column Fermentor

Features Simple. Gas and heat transfer is more efficient. Foaming is major problem.



Fluidised Bed Fermentor

Features Consist of no moving parts. Simple to construct. Low cost fermentor. Used for low viscosity cultures. Heat transfer is efficient.



Packed Bed Fermentor - 1 This fermentor consist of huge column

packed with inert materials such as sands, polyethylene and wood shavings.

Cells and medium is fed on the top the column and allow to adhere to the inert material support and grow forming the thin film on all over the inert materials.

Then fresh medium is added with a pre-decided rate from the top of the column and the fermented product containing medium is collected from the bottom.



Packed Bed Fermentor - 2

Uses Used for the sewage treatment process. For vinegar production. For enzymatic conversion of penicillin to 6-amino

penicillanic acid. Simple construction. Low cost fermentor.



Trickled Bed Fermentor

Simple construction. Very low cost . Suitable for low viscosity cultures. Provides large surface to volume ratio.



Membrane Fermentors

Consist of semi permeable membrane which retain the cells with heavy density and at the same time allow the fermented medium to pass through.



Photo Fermentors - 1

This type fermentor is used to cultivate photosynthetic organisms which require light and carbon dioxide for their growth. e.g. production of algal proteins.

Photo-fermentor or photo-bioreactors are used to produce:-

Healthy foods,

Chemical intermediates,

Pharmaceuticals,

Hydrogen gas, as clean fuel.




Diagram of Photo Fermentor

Fluorescent lamp Impeller




In well illuminated photo-fermentor cells growth rate is proportional to light energy supplied per unit volume of photo-bioreactor.



What we Learn………. Growth rate of some bacteria is as low as 15 minutes. Fermenter or fermenter vessels are used to produce useful

substances for human beings on large scale or on industrial scale one need

Fermenters are also called as Bioreactors. Various types of these fermenters are:

Agitated sparged or stirred tank fermentor. Air lift fermentor. Bubble column fermentor. Fluidised bed fermentor. Packed bed fermentor. Trickled bed fermentor. Membrane fermentor. Photo-fermentor of photo-bioreactor



Critical Thinking Questions

Why productivity and yield can not be increased after some upper limit in stirred tank fermenter?



Hints for Critical Thinking Questions

Productivity and yield in stirred tank fermenter is ultimately controlled by the genotypes of the fermenting microorganisms and maximum limit of cells population that can be grown in stirred tank fermenter vessel.



Study Tips Book

Title: Principles of Fermentation Technology. Author: P. F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S. J.

Hall. Publication: Elsevier Science Ltd.

Book Title: Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology. Editors: E.M.T. El-Mansi , C.F.A. Bryce , A.L.

Demain , A.R. Allman. Publication: Taylor and Francis group.Taylor and Francis group.

End of the Presentation

Thank You !

Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive… School of Architecture, Science and Technology...

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