Ong Kung Wai Grolink - FAO
Transcript of Ong Kung Wai Grolink - FAO
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Certification & options in Asia
Organic CertificationProcess and general requirements
Application (document submission & fees)
Compliance audit / Inspection
Certification, Conditions / Corrective actions
Annual renewal
Standards & Applicable requirements
Organisation & Production set up
Process and Production method
Documentation & Quality control system
Social and Environmental policy
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirements
Organisation & Production set up single or group (group certification)incompatible activity (GMO products)location (contamination, land rights issue)
Process and Production MethodOperators (and related sub-contractors) are subject to a performance compliance audit with respect to applicable standards.
Farm/Plantation production- seeds; fertility management (rotation; inputs); pest & disease;water; contaminationStorage, Transport and Handling Processing method (ingredients, additives & aids) and Packaging
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirementsDocumentation and record keepingOrganisationLegal entity; contact address; contact personDescription & extend of business operationsSize and type of organization; nature and extend of business; structure & management. Include an organisation flow chart
Nature of production and processingNumber of units involvedSize/area of operationOperating volume and turnoverSupply & marketing channels
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirementsDocumentation and record keepingFarm Production UnitGeneral description of unit(s) Including location and site map with field identification & size (simple drawing is OK)
Ownership of farmTotal size; number of fields & field sizes (organic & conventional)Land topography & Soil condition Water sourcesProduction historyHistorical and potential external contamination.
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirementsDocumentation and record keepingFarm ProductionGeneral description of production (organic & conventional)
Type of crop/animalSoil & Fertility management practicesCrop cultivation practicesPest & disease managementPost harvest handling, etc.
Inputs usedList type, amount used and application (organic & conventional)
ManagementContractsProduction manual/guide or policyRecords keeping (separate records for organic & conventional)
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirementsDocumentation and record keepingProcessing UnitGeneral description of unit(s) Include facility map(s) with rooms/section & machinery identification (simple drawing is OK)
Ownership of unitSize; number of sub units & functions Production historyHistorical and potential contamination.
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirementsDocumentation and record keepingProcessing UnitGeneral description of Processing (organic) Include a processing flow chart
Type of processing (describe methods) and outputs (products)Raw material supply (indicate sources) and handlingProcessing aids and additivesCleaning practices (cleaning agents used)Storage & packingPest & disease management
Inputs used (additives and processing aids)List type, amount used and purposeManagement
ContractsProcessing manual/guide or policyRecords keeping (separate records for organic & conventional)
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Certification & options in Asia
Standards & Applicable requirements
Documentation and record keepingSales and Stock/Inventory management
General description of sales & stock/inventory managementResponsible personAbility to identify and generate separate reports (sales and purchases of organic/conventional products)
OthersUse of certification markInstructions and condition for the use of the mark in labelling.Other contractual obligationsE.g. payment, notification of changes or non-compliance.
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Certification & options in Asia
Compliance audit / Inspectiongenerally carried out through the following manner:- documentation review and audit,- site inspections (announced and unannounced),- sample testing (case by case, on a needs basis), and- interviews (management, workers, suppliers)
Extendall related aspects of the operation, including contracted or sub-contracted operators supplying material or performing functions, related to the composition of the end product (actual audit of sub-contractors is dependent on the nature of their involvement, the risk of contamination or non-compliance.
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Certification & options in Asia
Certification, conditions / corrective actions§ certification without conditions
§ certification with conditions
§ certification denied
RenewalAnnual submission
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Certification & options in Asia
What Certification?
Market AccessNational Regulations-Domestic & Export
Private label requirements-Domestic & Export
Type of Operator
Type of Product
Market Target
Market Regulation
Market (buyer)Preference
Local Development
Service & Cost
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Government Regulations
Local Producer Consumers
Consumers
Consumers
Consumers
Chain of custody (operators)
Local Producer(ingredient)
Foreign Producer(ingredient)
Local Processor
Foreign Processor
Retailer
Local / Foreign CERTIFIER
Local / Foreign CERTIFIER
Local / Foreign CERTIFIER
Certification & options in Asia The Game Scenario
Processor /Retail
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Certification & Options in Asia
1. Operator_ProducerChoice of which CB(s) to use for certificationmust comply to domestic regulations (where applicable); must comply to export market regulations (where applicable) must consider domestic/export market preference must comply to own CB & buyer's CB's requirements
2. Operator_Processor (buyer/exporter)Choice of which CB(s) to use for certificationmust comply to domestic regulations (where applicable); must comply to export market regulations (where applicable) must consider domestic/export market preference must comply to chosen CB’s (& buyer's CB) requirements *EU importer (can apply for importer's derogation)
3. Market (Trade / Consumers)Choice of product characteristic and certification profile
The Play
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Certification & Options in Asia
4. Regulations & competent authoritiesAuthorisation (approval / acceptance)Import rules (country to country recognition/agreement)
5. AccreditorsAccreditation- acceptance of certification (products & operators)
6. Certifiers (local / foreign)Regulatory recognition/acceptance/approvalMarket profilePrivate level recognition (acceptance of certification)Inspection agent; carry out inspections for other certification bodies to regulations as well as private standards
(where applicable).
The Game keepers
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Certification & Options in Asia
56 countries have implemented, finalised or initiated thedrafting of organic regulations. (Feb. 2002)
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Certification & Options in Asia
The Domestic scene (Asia)
No regulation (Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh)
Regulation (Japan, India; China [Hong Kong]; Korea; Taiwan)
No strong market demand for certification
Strong market demand for certification- dominant private seals?
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Certification & Options in Asia
The Export SceneEU
No Asian country on the EU approved third country list
Only option is through the importer’s derogation
Most EU importers prefer use of an EU based certification body- final certification for their EU markets - prove certification is done to EU regulations to state authority.
The EU regulations however do not disqualify the use of local certifiers in third countries. Certification by non-EU based certification bodies is possible and do occur. Although not officially recognised, IFOAM Accreditation is taken into accountby EU member states’ competent authorities to assess the competence of the certification organisation in issuing import authorisations.
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Certification & Options in Asia
The Export Scene
USANo Asian country with mutual recognition agreement with the USAOnly option is through an USDA accredited certifierMay use local non-USDA accredited certifer for inspection if they are working as inspection agent for a USDA accredited certifier
JapanNo Asian country with mutual recognition agreement with JapanOnly option through a MAFF registered certifier (in Japan or Foreign based)- direct certification- re-certification
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Certification & Options in Asia
Private sealsBesides regulatory requirements, there is also market preference for more established private organic seals. Depending on the market location, different private seals are preferred. This reflects the private certification bodies’respective home bases. Retailers and processors (trade buyers) generally prefer the dominant private seal of their respective markets, e.g. KRAV in Sweden.
It should be noted that at the market level, certification even by government bodies may be not accepted by some private seal organisations. Private standards are generally more demanding than regulatory requirements, although the product is legally organic, they may be deemed to not have fully conformed to private standards for use of the private seal.
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Certification & Options in Asia
Exporting from AsiaOperator’s certification has to meet regulatory requirements and buyers’ preference of private seals (where applicable). No one certification acceptable for all markets worldwide. Exporters may have to have more than one certification. May be possible to facilitate market access and acceptance through re-certification based on the inspection report, by a credible certification body.
Summary of choiceCertifier(s) with regulatory approval & presence in target markets
Credibility with the trade and certification industry, i.e. leading certification body in its home base and IFOAM Accreditation.
Cost of certification and inspection including use of local/regional inspectors.
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Certification & Options in Asia
Cost of serviceCost of certification varies according to the certification body, both in the categories of chargeable fees and their respective amounts. 3 general main categories, i.e.§ Application and associated certification fees§ Inspection costs (inspection fee, travel, board & lodging)§ Licensing fee or Levy based on sales of certified products
use of local/regional inspectors will mitigate cost