ONCOLOGYGROUP 10

•BUSTAMANTE CIEZA JONATHAN•CARMONA FLORES DANKO•DEL PIÉLAGO MEOÑO ALDO•DÍAZ SARASA DANIEL•FRANCIA SIPIÓN DIEGO•MESTANZA MORÓN RICARDO

•From the Ancient Greek onkos (ὄγκος), meaning, mass, or tumor

•And the suffix -logy (-λογία), meaning "study of")

Oncology is concerned with:

The diagnosis of any cancer in a person.

Therapy.

Follow-up of cancer patients after successful treatment.

Palliative care of patients with terminal malignancies.

Ethicalquestions surrounding cancer care.

Screening efforts.

1. DIAGNOSIS 2. THERAPY 3. PALLIATIVE CARE

4. ETHICAL ISSUES 5. PROGRESS AND RESEARCH

6. SPECIALTIES

DIAGNOSIS

The most important diagnostic tool

remains the medical history

• Fatigue• Weight loss• Unexplained anemia, • Fever of unknown origin, • Paraneoplastic phenomena

and other signs

Diagnostic methods include :Diagnostic methods include :

• Apart from in diagnosis, these modalities (especially imaging by CT scanning) are often used to determine operability, i.e. whether it is surgically possible to remove a tumor in its entirety.

• Generally, a "tissue diagnosis" (from a biopsy) is considered essential for the proper identification of cancer. When this is not possible, "empirical therapy" (without an exact diagnosis) may be given, based on the available evidence (e.g. history, x-rays and scans.)

THERAPY

It completely depends on the nature of the tumor identified what kind of therapeutical intervention will be necessary.

Certain disorders will require immediate admission and chemotherapy, while others will be followed up with regular physical examination and blood tests.

THERAPYOften, surgery is attempted to remove a tumor entirely. This is only feasible when there is some degree of certainty that the tumor can in fact be removed.

Surgery is also used for the palliative treatment of some of cancers, e.g. to relieve biliary obstruction, or to relieve the problems associated with some cerebral tumors.

THERAPY

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as a first-line radical therapy in a number of malignancies.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly used for palliation, where disease is clearly incurable: in this situation the aim is to improve the quality of and prolong life.

THERAPY

There is currently a rapid expansion in the use of monoclonal antibody treatments, notably for lymphoma(Rituximab), and breast cancer (Trastuzumab).

Hormone manipulation is well established, particularly in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer.

Vaccine and other immunotherapies are the subject of intensive research.

PALLIATIVE CARE

50% cancer cases Radical treatment

A large number of cancer patients

will die from the disease will die of other causes

PALLIATIVE CARE: TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED DISEASE

pain, nausea, anorexia, fatigue, immobility.

DEPRESSIONMORAL AND SPIRITUAL ISSUES ARE ALSO IMPORTANT

ETHICAL ISSUES

SENSITIVITY AND VERY GOOD COMMUNICATION

the patient need/want know

extent

progression

prognosis

Clinical trials terminal illness

Withdrawal of active treatment.

"Do Not Resuscitate" about life issues

• There is a tremendous amount of research being conducted on all frontiers of oncology, ranging from cancer cell biology to chemotherapy treatment regimens and optimal palliative care and pain relief

Don`t forget the old treatments that are very useful to treat cancer such as:

• Radiotherapy• Chemotherapy• The surgery• Bone marrow transplant