Ôn Thi QG 2016 - Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Full (1)

7/25/2019 n Thi QG 2016 - L Thuyt Ha Hc Full (1)

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Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau:(a) Cc cht CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 u c kh nng phn ng vi HCOOH. (b) Phn ng thbrom vo vng benzen ca phenol (C6H5OH) d hn ca benzen.(c) Oxi ha khng hon ton etilen l phng php hin i sn xut anehit axetic. (d) Phenol(C6H5OH) tan t trong etanol.Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.Cu 46: Cacbohirat no sau y thuc loi isaccarit?

A. Amiloz. B. Saccaroz. C. Glucoz. D. Xenluloz.Cu 47: Cho cc pht biu sau:(a) Hiro ha hon ton glucoz to ra axit gluconic.(b) iu kin thng, glucoz v saccaroz u l nhng cht rn, d tan trong nc.(c) Xenluloz trinitrat l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn to v ch to thuc sng khng khi. (d)Amilopectin trong tinh bt ch c cc lin kt -1,4-glicozit.(e) Sacaroz b ha en trong H2SO4c.(f) Trong cng nghip dc phm, saccaroz c dng pha ch thuc.Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l

A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.Cu 48: Pht biu no sau y l ng?

A. Saccaroz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.B. Hiro ha hon ton glucoz (xc tc Ni, un nng) to ra sobitol.C. Xenluloz tan tt trong nc v etanol.D. Thy phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch H2SO4, un nng, to ra fructoz.

DNG 18: TNG HP TNH CHT CA CHT HU C

L THUYT- Cn nm c c ch, quy tc ca cc phn ng, xc c s lng cc sn phm c th xy ra,xc nh c sn phm chnh, sn phm ph.- Nm tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht c bn thng gp nh phenol, anilin, axit axetic, ancol

etilic, metyl amin.- Nm c cc phn ng vi cc tc nhn thng gp nh NaOH, HCl, qu tm, AgNO 3/NH3, dungdch Br2, H2CU HICu 1: Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi(CH3)2CO l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.Cu 2: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lttc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l

A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l:A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.

Cu 4: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thuc cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thuc cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l

A. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.C. HCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH=CH2.


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Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tcdng c vi nhau l

A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.Cu 6: Cho glixerin trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit: Na,Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng xy ral A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.Cu 7: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu cl A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 8: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng giaphenol vi

A. H2(Ni, nung nng). B. dung dch NaOH.C.Na kim loi. D. nc Br2.

Cu 9: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Zu phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhmchc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:

A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2COC. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO

Cu 10: Hai cht hu c X1v X2u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1c kh nng phnng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2

phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng

thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.

Cu 11: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tcdng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l

A. axit acrylic. B. anilin. C. metyl axetat. D.phenol.Cu 12: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca

A. ancol. B. anehit. C. xeton. D. amin.Cu 13: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phnng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn

trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:A. (2), (3), (4) v (5). B. (3), (4), (5) v (6).C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (1), (3), (4) v (6).

Cu 14: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c viNa, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.

Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l:A.NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).B. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc).C.Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O.

D. Ca, CuO (to

), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.Cu 16: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng viNa; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thccu to ca X v Y ln lt l

A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5v HOCH2CH2CHO.C. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. D. HCOOC2H5v HOCH2COCH3.

Cu 17: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht hu c X.Cho X phn ng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l:

A. glucoz, fructoz. B. glucoz, etanol.C. glucoz, saccaroz. D. glucoz, sobitol.


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Cu 18: Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiutng dn t tri sang phi l:

A.phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua.B. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua.C.phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua.D. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua.

Cu 19: iu kin thch hp: cht X phn ng vi cht Y to ra anehit axetic; cht X phnng vi cht Z to ra ancol etylic. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:

A. C2H4, O2, H2O. B. C2H2, H2O, H2. C. C2H2, O2, H2O. D. C2H4, H2O, CO.Cu 20: Sn phm ch yu trong hn hp thu c khi cho toluen phn ng vi brom theo t l smol 1:1 (c mt bt st) l

A.p-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen. B.benzyl bromua.C. o-bromtoluen vp-bromtoluen. D. o-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen.

Cu 21: un si hn hp gm propyl bromua, kali hiroxit v etanol thu c sn phm hu c lA.propan-2-ol. B.propin. C.propen. D.propan.

Cu 22: Cht X tc dng vi benzen (xt, t) to thnh etylbenzen. Cht X lA. C2H4. B. C2H2. C. CH4. D. C2H6.

Cu 23: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng cvi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng

bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:A. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.B. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO.D. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3.

Cu 24: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?A. H2(xc tc Ni, un nng). B. Dung dch NaOH (un nng).C. H2O (xc tc H2SO4long, un nng). D. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng).

Cu 25: Ho tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y ththu c cht Z (lm vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:

A. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua.

B.phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat.C. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol. D.phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin.

Cu 26: Cho phenol (C6H5OH) ln lt tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O v cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, Br2,HNO3, CH3COOH. S trng hp xy ra phn ng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.Cu 27: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, va tc dng c vi nc Br2?

A. CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH2=CHCOOH. D. CH3CH2CH2OH.Cu 28: Dung dch axit axetic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?

A.NaOH, Cu, NaCl. B.Na, NaCl, CuO. C.NaOH, Na, CaCO3. D.Na, CuO, HCl.Cu 29: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y?

A.NaCl. B. HCl. C.NaHCO3. D. KOH.Cu 30: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo theo t l mol1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?

A. neopentan. B.pentan. C.butan. D. isopentan.VN 19: TNG HP S HU C

L THUYT- Cc em cn nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c, nh cc iu kin ca phn ng,cc quy tc sau:

+ Qui tc th vo ankan+Qui tc cng Maccopnhicop


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+ Qui tc tch Zaixep+ Qui tc th vo bezen

- Mt s phn ng lm tng mch C.

+ T 1C 2C : 2CH401500 c C2H2 + 3H2

+ T 2C 4C : 2C2H20

4, ,CuCl NH Cl t CH C-CH=CH2

2C2H5OH0, ,MgO ZnO t c CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O + H2

+ T 2C 6C 3C2H20600 ,c C C6H6

+ Ni 2 gc ankyl : R-Cl + R-Cl + 2Na R-R + 2NaCl- Tng mch C gn vo nhn benzen

Ar-R + R-X 3 ,oAlCl t

R-Ar-R ( orto , para )- Chuyn ho hp cht c oxi

R-OH2

,

, , o

CuO t

H Ni t R-CHO

22 / ,

oO Mn t R-COOH 2 4' /R OH H SO dac Este /H OH

Ancol

- Mt s phn ng lm gim mch C.+ Phn ng crckinh ankan + anken )

+ CH3COONa + NaOH ,oCuO t CH4 + Na2CO3

- Mt s phn ng khng lm thay i mch C.

+ Hirocacbon khng no Hirocacbon noCnH2n+2-2a + a H2 ,

oNi t CnH2n+2+ Hirocacbon no thnh Hirocacbon khng no ( vng thm )- ehiro ho (loi b hydr )

- Cc phn ng khc.

+ C2H2 + H2O0

4 ,80HgSO C CH3CHO+ Al4C3+ 12H2O 4Al(OH)3+ 3CH4+ CaC2+ 2H2O Ca(OH)2+ C2H2.

Lu : - Trong bi tp iu ch nu dng phn ng to ra hn hp sn phm th ch ly sn phmchnh iu ch, khng ly sn phm ph.- Thnh phn ca kh thin nhin : CH4(90%), cn li C2H6, C3H8, C4H10- Kh crckinh: Hyrocacbon cha no ( C2H4, C3H6, C4H8) , ankan (CH4, C2H6, C4H10v H2)- Kh than : Ch yu l H2(60%), CH4(25%) cn li l CO, CO2, N2...- Kh l cao : CO2, CO, O2, N2...CU HI

Cu 1: Cho s : C6H6 2 ( 1:1), ,oCl tilemol Fe t X ,

,oNaOHdac du

t cao pcao Y HCl Z

Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt lA. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH. B. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2.C. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl. D. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6.

Cu 2: Cho s phn ng:NH3 3 1:1CH I

tilemol X ONOH Y ,

oCuO t Z

Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l:A. C2H5OH, HCHO. B. C2H5OH, CH3CHO.C. CH3OH, HCHO. D. CH3OH, HCOOH

Cu 3: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt lA. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. B. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.

Cu 4: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C3H4O2+ NaOH X + Y; X + H2SO4long Z + TBit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:

A. CH3CHO, HCOOH. B. HCOONa, CH3CHO.C. HCHO, CH3CHO. D. HCHO, HCOOH.


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Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:

HBr + C2H5OHot C2H4+ Br2

C2H4+ HBr C2H6+ Br2 as (1:1 )kt mol S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.

Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen 2 ( 1:1), ,oBr tilemol Fe t X

,oNaOHdac

t cao pcao Y HCl Z

Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm

A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. o-metylphenol vp-metylphenol.C.benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. D. o-bromtoluen vp-bromtoluen.

Cu 7: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat.Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:

A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.

Cu 8: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: Phenol Xphenol axetat ,oNaOH t Y ( hp cht thm)

Hai cht X, Y trong s trn ln lt l:A. anhirit axetic, phenol. B. axit axetic, phenol.C. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat. D. axit axetic, natri phenolat.

Cu 9: Cho s chuyn ha:CH3CH2Cl KCN X ,oH t Y

Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:A. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO.C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4.

Cu 10: Cho s chuyn ho: Butan-2-ol 2 4 ,oH SO dac t X (anken) HBr Y ,eteMg khan Z

Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z lA. (CH3)3C-MgBr. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-MgBr.C. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3. D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr.

Cu 11: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N. Bit:X + NaOH Y + CH4O; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl

Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt lA. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.B. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.C. H2NCH2COOC2H5v ClH3NCH2COOH.D. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3v CH3CH(NH2)COOH.

Cu 12: Cho cc chuyn ho sau:

X + H2O, oxt t Y Y + H2

, oNi t SobitolY + 2AgNO3+ 3NH3+ H2O Amoni glucozat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

Y ,oxt t E + Z Z + H2O

as,chatdiepluc X + GX, Y v Z ln lt l:

A. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic. B. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit.C. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic. D. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.

Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ho:Triolein 2 , ,oH du Ni t X ,

oNaOHdu t Y HCl ZTn ca Z l

A. axit stearic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit linoleic.

Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ho: C3H6 2ddBr X ,oNaOH t Y ,

oCuO t Z 2 ,O xt T 3 , ,oCH OH xt t E

( este a chc). Tn gi ca Y lA. glixerol. B.propan-1,2-iol. C.propan-2-ol. D.propan-1,3-iol


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Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C2H2 ,oxt t X 2 3, , /

oH t Pd PbCO Y

, , oZ

xt p t

Cao su buna-N

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:A.benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac. B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien.C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren. D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin.

Cu 16:Cho s phn ng: Stiren 2 , ,oH O H t X ,

oCuO t Y 2dd ,Br H

ZTrong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:

A. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH.

B. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH.D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br.

Cu 17: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na,

tho mn s chuyn ho sau: X 2 , ,oH du Ni t Y 3

2 4

OOCH C H H SO dac

Este c mi chui chn

Tn ca X lA. 2,2-imetylpropanal. B. 3-metylbutanal. C.pentanal. D. 2-metylbutanal.

Cu 18: Cho s phn ng:CH4 , ,oX Ni t Y , ,

oZ Ni t T , ,oM Ni t CH3COOH

(X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng). Cht T trong s trnl A. C2H5OH. B. CH3CHO. C. CH3OH. D. CH3COONa.

Cu 19:Cho s chuyn ha: CH3CH2Cl KCN X ,oH t Y

Trong s trn, X v Y ln lt lA. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2CHO.C. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2OH. D. CH3CH2NH2v CH3CH2COOH.

Cu 20: Cho s phn ng:CHCH HCN X ; X trunghoppolime Y;X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2 dongtrunghop polimeZ

Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?A. T capron v cao su buna. B. T olon v cao su buna-N.C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. D. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.

Cu 21: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:Benzen 2 4 , ,oC H xt t X 2 ( 1:1),asBr tilemol Y 2 5, ,

oKOH C H OH t Z

( trong X,Y,Z l sn phm chnh). Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt lA. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren. B. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.C. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren. D.benzylbromua v toluen.

Cu 22: Cho phn ng: C6H5-CH=CH2+ KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + K2CO3+ MnO2+ KOH + H2O.Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng trn l

A. 24. B. 34. C. 27. D. 31.Cu 23: Cho s phn ng:

( 1) X + O2 ,oxt t Axit cacboxylic Y1 (2) X + H2 ,

oxt t Ancol Y2

(3) Y1+ Y2, oxt t Y3+ H2O

Bit Y3c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X lA. anehit acrylic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit metacrylic. D. anehit propionic.

Cu 24: Cho s phn ng:

(1) CH3CHO HCN X1 2 , ,oH O H t X2

(2) C2H5Br ,eteMg khan Y1 2CO Y2 HCl Y3Cc cht hu c X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2, Y3ln lt l

A. axit 2-hiroxipropanoic v axit propanoic.B. axit axetic v axit propanoic.C. axit axetic v ancol propylic.D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic v ancol propylic.


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PHN HAI: L THUYT V CU HI HA V C THNG GP

VN 1: CHT LNG TNH

L THUYT1. Cht/Ion lng tnh-Cht/Ion lng tnh l nhng cht/ion va c kh nng nhng va c kh nng nhn proton ( H +)- Cht/ ion lng tnh va tc dng c vi dung dch axit ( nh HCl, H2SO4 long), va tc dngc vi dung dch baz ( nh NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2)Lu :Cht va tc dng c vi dung dch axit, va tc dng c vi dung dch baz nhng chachc phi cht lng tnh nh: Al, Zn, Sn, Pb, Be2. Cc cht lng tnh thng gp.- Oxit nh: Al2O3, ZnO, BeO, SnO, PbO, Cr2O3.- Hidroxit nh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Cr(OH)3- Mui cha ion lng tnh nh: Mui HCO3-, HSO3-, HS-, H2PO4-- Mui amoni ca axit yu nh: (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2SO3, (NH4)2S, CH3COONH43. Cc phn ng ca cc cht lng tnh vi dd HCl, NaOH- Gi s: X ( l Al, Cr), Y l ( Zn, Be, Sn, Pb)a. Oxit:* Tc dng vi HCl

X2O3+ 6HCl 2MCl3+ 3H2OYO + 2HCl YCl2+ H2O

* Tc dng vi NaOHX2O3+ NaOH NaXO2+ 2H2OYO + 2NaOH Na2YO2+ H2O

b. Hidroxit lng tnh* Tc dng vi HCl

X(OH)3+ 3HCl XCl3+ 3H2O Y(OH)2+ 2HCl YCl2+ 2H2O* Tc dng vi NaOH

X(OH)3+ NaOH NaXO2+ 2H2OY(OH)2+ 2NaOH Na2YO2+ 2H2O

c. Mui cha ion lng tnh* Tc dng vi HCl

HCO3-+ H+ H2O + CO2HSO3-+ H+ H2O + SO2HS-+ H+ H2S

* Tc dng vi NaOHHCO3-+ OH- CO32-+ H2OHSO3-+ OH- SO32-+ H2OHS-+ OH- S2-+ H2O

d. Mui ca NH4+vi axit yu* Tc dng vi HCl

(NH4)2RO3+ 2HCl 2NH4Cl + H2O + RO2 ( vi R l C, S)(NH4)2S + 2HCl 2NH4Cl + H2S

* Tc dng vi NaOHNH4++ OH- NH3+ H2O

Lu : Kim loi Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb khng phi cht lng tnh nhng cng tc ng c vi c axit vdung dch baz

M + nHCl MCln+2

nH2 ( M l kim loi Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb; n l ha tr ca M)

M + (4 - n)NaOH + (n 2) H2O Na4-nMO2+2

nH2


8/59 - Trang 43-

CU HICu 1: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. S cht trongdy c tnh cht lng tnh l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.Cu 2: Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh?

A. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2. B. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. D. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.

Cu 3: Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al

2(SO

4)3, Mg(OH)

2, Zn(OH)

2, MgO, CrO

3. S cht trong dy c

tnh cht lng tnh lA. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l:A.NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2. B.NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3.C.NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2. D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.

Cu 5: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3. S cht trong dy c tnh chtlng tnh l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 6: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3, K2SO4. C baonhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH?

A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4. S cht trong dy va phnng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l

A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2

VN 2: MI TRNG CA DUNG DCH MUI

L THUYT1. Mui trung ha-Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz mnh v anion gc axit mnh khng b thy phn. Dung dchthu c c mi trng trung tnh ( pH = 7)

VD: NaNO3, KCl, Na2SO4,- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz mnh v anion gc axit yu b thy phn. Dung dch thu cc mi trng baz ( pH > 7)

VD: Na2CO3, K2S- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz yu v anion gc axit mnh b thy phn. Dung dch thu cc mi trng axit ( pH < 7)

VD: NH4Cl, CuSO4, AlCl3- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz yu v anion gc axit yu b thy phn ( c hai b thy phn).Ty thuc vo thy phn ca hai ion m dung dch c pH = 7 hoc pH > 7 hoc pH < 7

VD: (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2S2. Mui axit- Mui HSO4-c mi trng axit ( pH < 7) VD: NaHSO4

- Mui HCO3-, HSO3-, HS-vi cation baz mnh c mi trng baz VD: NaHCO3,

CU HICu 1: Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhngdung dch c pH > 7 l

A. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. B.NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4.C.Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl. D.Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa

Cu 2: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na2CO3 (1), H2SO4(2), HCl (3), KNO3(4). Gi tr pHca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l:

A. 3, 2, 4, 1. B. 4, 1, 2, 3. C. 1, 2, 3, 4. D. 2, 3, 4, 1.


9/59 - Trang 44-

Cu 3: Dung dch no sau y c pH > 7?A. Dung dch NaCl. B. Dung dch Al2(SO4)3.C. Dung dch NH4Cl. D. Dung dch CH3COONa.

Cu 4: Trong s cc dung dch c cng nng 0,1M di y, dung dch cht no c gi tr pHnh nht?

A.NaOH. B. HCl. C. H2SO4. D. Ba(OH)2.Cu 5: Dung dch cht no di y c mi trng kim?

A. Al(NO3)3. B.NH4Cl. C. HCl. D. CH3COONa.

VN 3: CC CHT PHN NG VI NC NHIT THNG

L THUYT1. Cc cht phn ng vi H2O nhit thng.- Kim loi Kim + Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to baz + H2

VD: Na + H2O NaOH + H2Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2+ H2

TQ: M + n H2O M(OH)n+2

nH2

- Oxit ca KLK v CaO, SrO, BaO tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to baz

VD: Na2O + H2O 2NaOH BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2- Cc oxit: CO2, SO2, SO3, P2O5, N2O5, NO2tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to axit

VD: CO2+ H2O H2CO3 SO3+ H2O H2SO4P2O5+ 3H2O 2H3PO4 N2O5+ H2O 2HNO33NO2+ H2O 2HNO3+ NO 4NO2+ 2H2O + O2 4HNO3

- Cc kh HCl, HBr, HI, H2S khng c tnh axit, khi ha tan vo nc s to dung dch axit tng ng.

- Kh NH3tc dng vi H2O rt yu: NH3+ H2O NH4++ OH-.

- Mt s mui ca cation Al3+, Zn2+, Fe3+vi anion gc axit yu nh CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, HSO3-, S2-,HS-b thy phn to baz + axit tng ng.

VD: Al2S3+ 6H2O 2Al(OH)3+ 3H2S

Fe2(CO3)3+ 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3+ 3CO22. Tc dng vi H2O nhit cao.- nhit cao, kh nng phn ng ca cc cht vi H2O cao hn, nhng cc em ch mt s phnng sau: Mg + 2H2O dunnong Mg(OH)2+ H2

3Fe + 4H2O 570o C Fe3O4+ 4H2 Fe + H2O 570

o C FeO + H2C + H2O nungdothan CO + H2 C + 2H2O nungdothan CO2+ 2H2

CU HICu 1: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Chohn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha

A.NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2. B.NaCl, NaOH.C.NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2. D.NaCl.Cu 2: Cho dy cc oxit sau: SO2, NO2, NO, SO3, CrO3, P2O5, CO, N2O5, N2O. S oxit trong dy tcdng c vi H2O iu kin thng l

A. 5. B. 6. C. 8. D. 7.Cu 3: Khi ha tan hon ton m gam mi kim loi vo nc d, t kim loi no sau y thu c thtch kh H2(cng iu kin nhit v p sut) l nh nht?

A. K. B.Na. C. Li. D. Ca.


10/59 - Trang 45-

VN 4: NC CNG

L THUYT1. Khi nim- Nc cng l nc cha nhiu cation Ca2+v Mg2+- Nc mm l nc cha t hoc khng cha cation Ca2+v Mg2+2. Phn loi- Da vo c anion trong nc cng ta chia 3 loi:a. Nc cng tm thi l nc cng cha ion HCO3-( dng mui Ca(HCO3)2v Mg(HCO3)2)- nc cng tm thi un nng s lm mt tnh cng ca ncb. Nc cng vnh cu l nc cng cha ion Cl-, SO42-( dng mui CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, v MgSO4)- nc cng vnh cu un nng s khng lm mt tnh cng ca ncc. Nc cng ton phn l nc cng cha c anion HCO3-ln Cl-, SO42-.- nc cng ton phn un nng s lm gim tnh cng ca nc3. Tc hi- Lm hng cc thit b ni hi, ng dn nc- Lm gim mi v thc n- Lm mt tc dng ca x phng4. Phng php lm mma. Phng php kt ta.- i vi mi loi nc cngta dng Na2CO3hoc Na3PO4 lm mm nc

M2++ CO32- MCO32M2++ 2PO43- M3(PO4)2

- i vi nc cng tm thi,ngoi phng php dng Na2CO3, Na3PO4ta c th dng thm NaOHhoc Ca(OH)2va , hoc l un nng.

+ Dng NaOH va .Ca(HCO3)2+ 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3+ 2H2OMg(HCO3)2+ 2NaOH MgCO3 + Na2CO3+ 2H2O

+ Dng Ca(OH)2va Ca(HCO3)2+ Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2OMg(HCO3)2+ Ca(OH)2 MgCO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O

+ un si nc, phn hy Ca(HCO3)2v Mg(HCO3)2to thnh mui cacbonat khng tan. lng gn b k ta c nc mm.

Ca(HCO3)2ot CaCO3+ CO2 + H2O

Mg(HCO3)2ot MgCO3+ CO2 + H2O

CU HI

Cu 1: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4

2-. Cht c dng lmmm mu nc cng trn l

A.NaHCO3. B.Na2CO3. C. HCl. D. H2SO4.Cu 2: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l

A.Na2CO3v HCl. B.Na2CO3v Na3PO4.C.Na2CO3v Ca(OH)2. D.NaCl v Ca(OH)2.

Cu 3: Mt cc nc c cha cc ion: Na+ 0,02 mol), Mg2+0,02 mol), Ca2+ 0,04 mol), Cl0,02 mol),

HCO3 0,10 mol) v SO4

2 0,01 mol). un si cc nc trn cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra honton th nc cn li trong cc

A. l nc mm. B. c tnh cng vnh cu.C. c tnh cng ton phn. D. c tnh cng tm thi.


11/59 - Trang 46-

Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:

A. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3. B. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.

C.NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3. D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.Cu 5: Mt loi nc cng khi un si th mt tnh cng. Trong loi nc cng ny c ha tan nhng hpcht no sau y?

A. Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2. B. Ca(HCO3)2, MgCl2.C. CaSO4, MgCl2. D. Mg(HCO3)2, CaCl2.

VN 5: N MN KIM LOI

L THUYT1. n mn kim loi:l s ph hy kim loi do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng- n mn kim loi c 2 dng chnh: n mn ha hc v n mn in ha.2. n mn ha hc:l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tipn cc cht trong mi trng.- n mn ha hc thng xy ra nhng b phn ca thit b l t hoc nhng thit b thng xuynphi tip xc v hi nc v kh oxiKinh nghim:nhn bit n mn ha hc, ta thy n mn kim loi m khng thy xut hin cp kim loihay cp KL-C th l n mn kim loi.

3. n mn in ha: l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dchcht in li v to nn ong electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.- iu kin xy ra n mn in ha: phi tha mn ng thi 3 iu sau

+ Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht+ Cc nh cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn+ Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li

- n mn in ha thng xy ra khi cp kim loi ( hoc hp kim) ngoi khng kh m, hoc nhngtrong dung dch axit, dung dch mui, trong nc khng nguyn cht4. Cc bin php chng n mn kim loi.a. Phng php bo v b mt- Ph ln b mt kim loi mt lp sn, du m, cht do

- Lau chi, ni kh do thongb. Phng php in ha- dng mt kim loi l vt hi sinh bo v vt liu kim loi.VD: bo v v tu bin bng thp, ngi ta gn cc l Zn vo pha ngoi v tu phn chm trongnc bin ( nc bin l dung dch cht in li). Km b n mn, v tu c bo v.

CU HICu 1: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo midung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l

A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.Cu 2: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn;

Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hutrc l

A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 3: Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v Snc ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th

A. ch c Pb b n mn in ho.B. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.C. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.D. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho.


12/59 - Trang 47-

Cu 4: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO4v in cc Cu nhng trongdung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian pin phng in th khi lng

A. in cc Zn gim cn khi lng in cc Cu tng.B. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u tng.C. in cc Zn tng cn khi lng in cc Cu gim.D. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u gim.

Cu 5: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau:- Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl3;

- Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4;- Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl3;- Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl. S trng hp xuthin n mn in ho l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 6: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dungdch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:

A. I, II v IV. B. I, III v IV. C. I, II v III. D. II, III v IV.Cu 7: C cc th nghim sau:(I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4long, ngui.

(II) Sc kh SO2vo nc brom.(III) Sc kh CO2vo nc Gia-ven.(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4c, ngui.S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l

A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.Cu 8: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanhNi. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l

A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.Cu 9:Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn

A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha.B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.

C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+b oxi ha.D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.

Cu 10: Trng hp no sau y xy ra n mn in ho?A. Si dy bc nhng trong dung dch HNO3.B. t l st trong kh Cl2.C. Thanh nhm nhng trong dung dch H2SO4long.D. Thanh km nhng trong dung dch CuSO4.

Cu 11: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:(a) Cho l Fe vo dung dch gm CuSO4v H2SO4long; (b) t dy Fe trong bnh ng kh O2;(c) Cho l Cu vo dung dch gm Fe(NO3)3v HNO3; (d) Cho l Zn vo dung dch HCl.

S th nghim c xy ra n mn in ha lA. 1. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.Cu 12: Trng hp no sau y, kim loi b n mn in ha hc?

A. Kim loi st trong dung dch HNO3long.B. Thp cacbon trong khng kh m.C. t dy st trong kh oxi kh.D. Kim loi km trong dung dch HCl.


13/59 - Trang 48-

VN 6: PHN NG NHIT PHN

L THUYT1. Nhit phn mui nitrat- Tt c cc mui nitrat u b nhit phn to sn phm X + O2a. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi K, Ba,Ca, Na( kim loi tan) th sn phm X l mui nitrit( NO2-)

VD: 2NaNO3ot 2NaNO2+ O2

2KNO3ot

2KNO2+ O2b. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi Mg Cu th sn phm X l oxit + NO2

VD: 2Cu(NO3)2ot 2CuO + 4NO2+ O2

2Fe(NO3)3ot Fe2O3+ 6NO2+

3

2O2

Lu :nhit phn mui Fe(NO3)2thu c Fe2O3( khng to ra FeO )

2Fe(NO3)2ot Fe2O3+ 4NO2+ O2

c. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi sau Cu th sn phm X l KL + NO2

VD: 2AgNO3ot 2Ag + 2NO2+ O2

2. Nhit phn mui cacbonat ( CO32-)

- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim khng b phn hy nh Na2CO3, K2CO3- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi khc trc Cu b nhit phn thnh oxit + CO2

VD: CaCO3ot CaO + CO2

MgCO3ot MgO + CO2

- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi sau Cu b nhit phn thnh KL + O2+ CO2

VD: Ag2CO3ot 2Ag + O2+ CO2

- Mui (NH4)2CO3ot 2NH3+ CO2+ H2O

3. Nhit phn mui hidrocacbonat ( HCO3-)- Tt c cc mui hidrocacbonat u b nhit phn.- Khi un nng dung dch mui hidrocacbonat:

Hidrocacbonat ot Cacbonat trung ha + CO2+ H2O

VD: 2NaHCO3ot Na2CO3+ CO2 + H2O

Ca(HCO3)2ot CaCO3+ CO2+ H2O

- Nu nhit phn hon ton mui hidrocacbonat

+ Mui hidrocacbonat ca kim loi kimot Cacbonat trung ha + CO2+ H2O

VD: 2NaHCO3ot Na2CO3+ CO2 + H2O

+ Mui hidrocacbonat ca kim loi khcot Oxit kim loi + CO2+ H2O

VD: Ca(HCO3)2 , not ho toan CaO + 2CO2+ H2O

3. Nhit phn mui amoni

-Mui amoni ca gc axit khng c tnh oxi haot Axit + NH3

VD: NH4Clot NH3+ HCl

(NH4)2CO3ot 2NH3+ H2O + CO2

- Mui amoni ca gc axit c tnh oxi haot N2hoc N2O + H2O

VD: NH4NO3ot N2O + 2H2O

NH4NO2ot N2+ 2H2O

(NH4)2Cr2O7ot Cr2O3+ N2+ 2H2O


14/59 - Trang 49-

4. Nhit phn baz- Baz tan nh NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2khng b nhit phn hy.- Baz khng tan nhit phn to oxit + H2O

VD: 2Al(OH)3ot Al2O3+ 3H2O

Cu(OH)2ot CuO + H2O

Lu :Fe(OH)2 , ngot kh cokhongkhi FeO + H2O

2Fe(OH)2+ O2ot Fe2O3+ 2H2O

CU HICu 1: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lngkhng i, thu c mt cht rn l

A. Fe3O4. B. FeO. C. Fe2O3. D. Fe.Cu 2: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l

A. NH4NO2ot N2+ 2H2O B. NaHCO3

ot NaOH + CO2

B. 2KNO3ot 2KNO2+ O2 C. NH4Cl

ot NH3+ HClCu 3: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tngng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Yln lt l:

A. KMnO4, NaNO3. B. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. C. CaCO3, NaNO3. D.NaNO3, KNO3.Cu 4: Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn hon ton AgNO3 l:

A. Ag, NO2, O2. B. Ag2O, NO, O2. C. Ag, NO, O2. D. Ag2O, NO2, O2.

VN 7: PHN NG IN PHN

L THUYTI. in phn nng chy- Thng in phn mui clorua ca kim loi mnh, baz ca kim loi kim, hoc oxit nhm

+ Mui halogen: RCln dpnc R +2

nCl2 ( R l kim loi kim, kim th)

+ Baz: 2MOH dpnc 2M + O2+ H2O+ Oxit nhm: 2Al2O3 dpnc 4Al + 3O2II. in phn dung dch.1. Mui ca kim loi tan-in phn dung dch mui halogenua ( gc Cl, -Br ) c mng ngn, to baz + halogen + H 2

VD: 2NaCl + H2O dddpcomangngan 2NaOH + Cl2+ H2

- in phn dung dch mui halogen nu khng c mng ngn, Cl2sinh ra phn ng vi dung dch kimto nc giaven.

VD: 2NaCl + H2O dddpkhongmangngan NaCl + NaClO + H2

2. Mui ca kim loi trung bnh yu: khi in phn dung dch sinh kim loia. Nu mui cha gc halogenua ( gc Cl, - Br ): Sn phm l KL + phi kim

VD: CuCl2 dddp Cu + Cl2b. Nu mui cha gc c oxi:Sn phm l KL + Axit + O2

VD: 2Cu(NO3)2+ 2H2O dddp 2Cu + 4HNO3+ O22CuSO4+ 2H2O dddp 2Cu + 2H2SO4+ O2

3. Mui ca kim loi tan vi gc axit c oxi, axit c oxi, baz tannh NaNO3, NaOH, H2SO4-Coi nc b in phn: 2H2O dddp 2H2+ O2


15/59 - Trang 50-

CU HICu 1: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngnxp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l(bit ion SO42khng b in phn trong dung dch)

A.b > 2a. B.b = 2a. C.b < 2a. D. 2b = a.Cu 2: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra

A. s oxi ho ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Na+. C. s kh ion Cl-. D. s kh ion Na+.Cu 3: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl

2(vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in ho xy ra khi

nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:A. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.

B. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ho Cl.C. u sinh ra Cu cc m.D. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.

Cu 4: C cc pht biu sau:1Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.2Ion Fe3+c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5.3Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo.4Phn chua c cng thc l Na

2

SO4

.Al2

(SO4

)3

.24H2

O.Cc pht biu ng l:

A. 1, 3, 4. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 4. D. 1, 2, 3.Cu 5: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch CuSO4vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l

A. anot xy ra s oxi ho: Cu Cu2+ + 2e.

B. catot xy ra s kh: Cu2+ + 2e Cu.C. catot xy ra s oxi ho: 2H2O + 2e 2OH

+ H2.

D. anot xy ra s kh: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e.

Cu 6: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp)th

A. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.

B. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl.

C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.

D. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl.Cu 7: in phn dung dch gm NaCl v HCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Trong qu trnh inphn, so vi dung dch ban u, gi tr pH ca dung dch thu c

A. tng ln. B. khng thay i. C. gim xung. D. tng ln sau gim xung.

VN 8: PHN NG NHIT LUYN

L THUYT1. Khi nim- L phn ng iu ch kim loi bng cc kh cc oxit kim loi nhit cao bng H2, CO, Al, C2. Phn ng

CO CO2 (1)H2 + KL-O toC KL + H2O (2)Al Al2O3 (3)C hh CO, CO2 (4)


16/59 - Trang 51-

iu kin:- KL phi ng sau Al trong dy hot in ha ( ring CO, H2khng kh c ZnO)

K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe....Vd: CuO + CO Cu + CO2

MgO + CO khng xy ra.- Ring phn ng (3) gi l phn ng nhit nhm ( phn ng ca Al vi oxit KL sau n nhit cao)CU HICu 1: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao.

Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO

Cu 2: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4c, nng.

Cu 3: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:A. FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K2O, SnO. C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.

Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm X(khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm

A. Al, Fe, Fe3O4v Al2O3. B. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.C. Al

2O

3v Fe. D. Al, Fe v Al

2O

3.

DNG 9: TNG HP CC TNH CHT CA MT S CHT V C THNG GP

L THUYTI. PHN NG TO PHC CA NH3.-NH3c th to phc tan vi cation Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Ni2+

TQ: M(OH)n+ 2nNH3 [M(NH3)2n] (OH)n vi M l Cu, Zn, Ag.VD: CuSO4+ 2NH3+ 2H2O Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4

Cu(OH)2+ 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4] (OH)2VD: AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]ClII. PHN NG CA MUI AXIT ( HCO3-, HSO3-, HS- )

- Ion HCO3-

, HSO3-

, HS-

c tnh lng tnh nn va tc dng vi dung dch axit, va tc dng vidung dch bazHCO3-+ H+ H2O + CO2HCO3-+ OH- CO32-+ H2OHCO3-+ HSO4- H2O + CO2+ SO42-

III. PHN NG CA MUI HSO4-.- Ion HSO4-l ion cha H ca axit mnh nn khc vi ion cha H ca axit yu nh HCO3-, HSO3-, HS-

- Ion HSO4-khng c tnh lng tnh, ch c tnh axit mnh nn phn ng ging nh axit H2SO4long.

+ Tc dng vi HCO3-, HSO3-,HSO4-+ HCO3- SO42-+ H2O + CO2

+ Tc dng vi ion Ba2+

, Ca2+

, Pb2+

HSO4-+ Ba2+ BaSO4 + H+

IV. TC DNG VI HCl1. Kim loi: cc kim loi ng trc nguyn t H trong dy hot ng ha hc ( K, Na,Mg.Pb)

M + nHCl MCln+2

nH2

VD: Mg + 2HCl MgCl2+ H2- Ring Cu nu c mt oxi s c phn ng vi HCl: 2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2+ 2H2O2. Phi kim:khng tc dng vi HCl3. Oxit baz v baz:tt c cc oxit baz v oxit baz u phn ng to mui ( ha tr khng i)vH2O


17/59 - Trang 52-

M2On+ 2nHCl 2MCln+ nH2OVD: CuO + 2HCl CuCl2+ H2O

Fe3O4+ 8HCl FeCl2+ 2FeCl3+ 4H2O- Ring MnO2tc dng vi HCl c theo phn ng: MnO2+ 4HCl MnCl2+ Cl2+ 2H2O4. Mui:tt c cc mui ca axit yu v AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2u phn ng vi HClVD: CaCO3+ 2HCl CaCl2+ CO2+ H2O

Ca(HCO3)2+ 2HCl CaCl2+ 2H2O + 2CO2AgNO3+ HCl AgCl + HNO3

FeS + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2S ( lu CuS, PbS khng phn ng vi HCl)FeS2+ 2HCl FeCl2+ H2S + S

- Ring cc mui giu oxi ca Mn, Cr tc dng vi HCl c to kh Cl2VD: 2KMnO4+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2+ 5Cl2+ 8H2OV. TC DNG VI NaOH.1. Kim loi:- Nhm 1:cc kim loi phn ng vi H2O gm KLK v Ca, Sr, Ba. Cc kim loi nhm 1 s phn ngvi H2O trong dung dch NaOH.

M + H2O M(OH)n+2

nH2

VD: K tc dng vi dd NaOH s xy ra phn ng: K + H2O KOH + H2- Nhm 2:cc kim loi Al, Zn, Be,Sn, Pb tc dng vi NaOH theo phn ng

M + (4-n) NaOH + (n 2) H2O Na4-nMO2+2

nH2

VD: Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2+3

2H2

Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2+ H22. Phi kim:Cl2, Br2phn ng vi NaOH.- Clo phn ng vi dd NaOH nhit thng to nc giaven

Cl2+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O- Clo phn ng vi dd NaOH nhit 100oC to mui clorat (ClO3-)

3Cl2+ 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3+ 3H2O3. Oxit lng tnh v hidroxit lng tnh:Nh Al2O3, ZnO2, BeO, PbO, SnO, Cr2O3, Al(OH)3,Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3- Cc oxit lng tnh v hidroxit lng tnh u phn ng vi NaOH c ( vi dung dch NaOH thCr2O3khng phn ng) to mui v ncVD: Al2O3+ 2NaOH 2NaAlO2+ H2O

ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2+ H2OAl(OH)3+ NaOH NaAlO2+ 2H2OZn(OH)2+ 2NaOH Na2ZnO2+ 2H2O

Cc oxit, hidroxit ca kim loi ha tr III ( Cr) phn ng ging oxit, hidroxit ca nhmCc oxit, hidroxit ca kim loi ha tr II ( Be, Sn, Pb) phn ng ging oxit, hidroxit ca km.

4. Oxit axit ( CO2, SO2, NO2, N2O5, P2O5, SiO2)-phn ng 1: Tc dng vi NaOH to mui trung ha v H2OVD: CO2+ 2NaOH Na2CO3+ H2O- phn ng 2: tc dng vi NaOH to mui axit ( vi cc oxit axit ca axit nhiu nc)VD: CO2+ NaOH NaHCO3Lu : - NO2tc dng vi NaOH to 2 mui nh sau: 2NO2+ 2NaOH NaNO3+ NaNO2+ H2O- SiO2ch phn ng c vi NaOH c, khng phn ng vi NaOH long.- Cc oxit CO, NO l oxit trung tnh khng tc dng vi NaOH5. Axit: tt c cc axit u phn ng ( k c axit yu)- phn ng 1: Axit + NaOH Mui trung ha + H2OVD: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O


18/59 - Trang 53-

H2SO4+ 2NaOH Na2SO4+ 2H2O- Phn ng 2: Axit nhiu nc + NaOH Mui axit + H2OVD: H3PO4+ NaOH NaH2PO4+H2O6. Mui amoni v dd mui ca kim loi c baz khng tan ( nh mui Mg2+, Al3+.)- phn ng 1: Mui amoni + NaOH Mui Na++ NH3+ H2OVD: NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3+ H2O- Phn ng 2: Mui ca kim loi c baz khng tan + NaOH Mui Na++ BazVD: MgCl2+ 2NaOH 2NaCl + Mg(OH)2

CU HICu 1: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) rithm tip dung dch NH3(d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.Cu 2: Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc chtu tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2l:

A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.C.NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.

Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ngxy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l

A. MgSO4. B. MgSO4v Fe2(SO4)3.C. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3v FeSO4. D. MgSO4v FeSO4.

Cu 4: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thuc dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l

A. Cu(NO3)2. B. HNO3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.Cu 5: Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phnng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l

A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 7.Cu 6: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:

A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.

C. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. D. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.Cu 7: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vidung dch AgNO3?

A. Zn, Cu, Mg. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Hg, Na, Ca. D. Fe, Ni, Sn.Cu 8: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vidung dch NaOH long nhit thng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.Cu 9: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3l:

A. CuO, Al, Mg. B. MgO, Na, Ba. C. Zn, Ni, Sn. D. Zn, Cu, Fe.Cu 10: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau:

(a) Fe3O4v Cu 1:1); (b) Sn v Zn 2:1); (c) Zn v Cu 1:1);

(d) Fe2(SO4)3v Cu 1:1); (e) FeCl2v Cu 2:1); (g) FeCl3v Cu 1:1).S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l

A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.

Cu 11: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2O3, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Yv phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta

A. Fe(OH)3. B. Fe(OH)3v Zn(OH)2.C. Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2v Zn(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)2v Cu(OH)2.

Cu 12: Cho dy cc cht: SiO2, Cr(OH)3, CrO3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al2O3. S cht trong dy tc dngc vi dung dch NaOH (c, nng) l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.


19/59 - Trang 54-

Cu 13: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl 2l:A. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch HNO3. B. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch HCl.C. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2S, dung dch HNO3. D. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO3, dung dch HCl.

Cu 14: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao nhiu oxittrong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?

A. 7. B. 8. C. 6. D. 5.Cu 15: Dy cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2l:

A. HNO3, NaCl v Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2v KNO3.C.NaCl, Na2SO4v Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2v Na2SO4.Cu 16: Dung dch H2SO4long phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?

A. CuO, NaCl, CuS. B. BaCl2, Na2CO3, FeS.C. Al2O3, Ba(OH)2, Ag. D. FeCl3, MgO, Cu.

VN 10: CC CHT CNG TN TI TRONG MT HN HP

L THUYT1. iu kin cng tn ti trong mt hn hp- Cc cht cng tn ti trong hn hp trong mt iu kin cho trc khi v ch khi cc cht khngphn ng vi nhau iu kin .2. Cng tn ti trong hn hp kha. iu kin thng.- Cc cp kh cng tn ti trong iu kin thng hay gp l

Cl2v O2 Cl2v CO2 Cl2v SO3 Cl2v O3F2v O2 F2v CO2 F2v SO3 F2v O3O2v H2 O2v CO2 O2v SO2 O2v N2N2v Cl2 N2v HCl N2v F2 N2v H2S

- Cc cp kh khng cng tn ti trong cng mt hn hp iu kin thng lF2v H2 Cl2v H2 H2S v O2 NH3v Cl2HI v O3 NH3v HCl H2S v O3 NO v O2

b. iu kin un nng- Cc cp kh khng cng tn ti trong iu kin un nng: ngoi cc cp khng tn ti iu kinthng cn c thm

H2v O2 SO2v O2( khi c V2O5) 3. Cng tn ti trong dung dch- Cc cp cht cng tn ti trong mt dung dch khi khng phn ng vi nhau- Cc phn ng xy ra trong mt dung dch thng gpa. Phn ng trao i:

* to : ( xem tnh tan ca mui)* to : H++ CO32-, HCO3-... * axit baz: OH-+ H+, HCO3-, HS-...

b. Phn ng oxi ha kh* Fe(NO3)2+ AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ Ag * 3Fe2++ NO3-+ 4H+ 3Fe3++ NO + 2H2O* 2Fe3++ 2I- 2Fe2++ I2 * 2Fe3++ 3S2- 2FeS + S

c. Phn ng thy phn.

+ + H2O + + Mui

VD: 2FeCl3+ 3Na2CO3+ 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3+ 3CO2+ 6NaClCU HICu 1: Cc kh c th cng tn ti trong mt hn hp l

A. Cl2v O2. B. H2S v Cl2. C.NH3v HCl. D. HI v O3.

Al3+

Fe3+

Zn2+

CO32-, HCO3-

SO32-, HSO3-S2-, HS-AlO2-, ZnO22-

Al(OH)3Fe(OH)3Zn(OH)2

CO2

SO2H2S

Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2


20/59 - Trang 55-

Cu 2: Dy gm cc ion (khng k n s phn li ca nc) cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:

A.Ag+, Na+, NO3-, Cl- B. Al3+, NH4+, Br-, OH-C. Mg2+, K+, SO42-, PO43- D. H+, Fe3+, NO3-, SO42-

Cu 3: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng?A. H2S v N2. B. Cl2v O2. C. H2v F2. D. CO v O2.

Cu 4: Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:A. Na+, K+, OH-, HCO3- B. K+, Ba2+, OH-, Cl-C. Al3+, PO43-, Cl-, Ba2+ D. Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, CO32-

Cu 5: Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:A. K+, Ba2+, Cl-v NO3- B. K+, Mg2+, OH-v NO3-

C. Cu2+; Mg2+; H+ v OH. D. Cl; Na+; NO- v Ag+.

VN 11: TNG HP CC HIN TNG PHN NG

L THUYT- Cn lu trong mi chng v cht v c u c mt s hin tng, cc hin tng ny c giithch da vo phn ng oxi ha kh. Cc hin tng ny c ng dng lm cc bi tp nhn bit.- Trong chng halogen c cc hin tng nh: tnh ty mu ca clo, mu kt ta ca AgX ( X l Cl, Br,I), phn ng mu ca iot vi h tinh bt

- Trong chng oxi lu hunh c cc hin tng nh phn ng ca O3vi Ag hoc dd KI,...- Trong chng nit photpho c cc hin tng v cc phn ng ca HNO3, phn ng ca NH3tophc, hin tng ma chi- Trong chng cacbon silic c cc hin tng v phn ng ca CO2vi dung dch kim- Trong phn kim loi c cc hin tng v phn ng ca NaOH vi cc dung dch mui, hin tng cakim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui, hin tng ca phn ng ca st (III)CU HICu 1:Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l

A. ch c kt ta keo trng. B. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.C. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.

Cu 2: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?

A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.B. Cho dung dch NH3n d vo dung dch AlCl3.C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2(hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).D. Thi CO2n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.

Cu 3: Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c thc dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l

A.NH3. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. O3.Cu 4: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch NH 3n dvo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung dch mu xanhthm. Cht X l

A. CuO. B. Fe. C. FeO. D. Cu.Cu 5:Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon tonch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l

A. CuSO4. B. AlCl3. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. Ca(HCO3)2.Cu 6: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:1Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4;2Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4;3Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3;4Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2;5Nh t t dung dch NH3n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3;


21/59 - Trang 56-

6Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l

A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.Cu 7: Khi cho lng d dung dch KOH vo ng nghim ng dung dch kali icromat, dung dchtrong ng nghim

A. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng. B. chuyn t mu vng sang mu .C. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh lc. D. chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.

Cu 8: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4vo dung dch Na2CrO4l:

A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.C. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam.D. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu.

Cu 9: Mt mu kh thi c sc vo dung dch CuSO4, thy xut hin kt ta mu en. Hintng ny do cht no c trong kh thi gy ra?

A. H2S. B.NO2. C. SO2. D. CO2.Cu 10: Dung dch cht X khng lm i mu qu tm; dung dch cht Y lm qu tm ha xanh. Trnln hai dung dch trn thu c kt ta. Hai cht X v Y tng ng l

A. KNO3v Na2CO3. B. Ba(NO3)2v Na2CO3.C.Na2SO4v BaCl2. D. Ba(NO3)2v K2SO4.

Cu 11: Cht no sau y khng to kt ta khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3?A. HCl. B. K3PO4. C. KBr. D. HNO3.

Cu 12: Dung dch no di y khi phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c kt tatrng?

A. H2SO4. B. FeCl3. C. AlCl3. D. Ca(HCO3)2.

VN 12. D ON CC PHN NG V C

L THUYT- Cc phn ng thng gp trong ha v c cc em cn nh k cng thc phn ng v iu kintng ng l

1. Phn ng ha hp2. Phn ng phn hy3. Phn ng th4. Phn ng trao i5. Phn ng oxi ha kh6. Phn ng axit baz7. Phn ng thy phn

CU HICu 1: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al 2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuOthuc cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi s

cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gmA. Mg, Fe, Cu. B. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. C. MgO, Fe, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.

Cu 2: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi Mc th l

A. Fe. B. Al. C. Mg. D. Zn.

Cu 3: Cho cc phn ng sau:

(1) Cu(NO3)2ot (2) NH4NO2

ot


22/59 - Trang 57-

(3) NH3+ O2 ,ot Pt (4) NH3+ Cl2

ot

(5) NH4Clot (6) NH3+ CuO

ot Cc phn ng u to kh N2l:

A. 1, 3, 4. B. 1, 2, 5. C. 2, 4, 6. D. 3, 5, 6.Cu 4: Cho Cu v dung dch H2SO4long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha hc), thy thotra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c khmi khai thot ra. Cht X l

A. amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.Cu 5: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe2O3v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong dungdch

A.NH3(d). B.NaOH (d). C. HCl (d). D. AgNO3(d).Cu 6: Cho cc phn ng sau:

H2S + O2( d)ot Kh X + H2O

NH3+ O2 ,ot Pt Kh Y + H2O

NH4HCO3+ HCl long Kh Z + NH4Cl + H2OCc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l:

A. SO2, NO, CO2. B. SO3, N2, CO2. C. SO2, N2, NH3. D. SO3, NO, NH3.

Cu 7: Cho cc phn ng:(1) O3+ dung dch KI (2) F2+ H2O

ot

(3) MnO2+ HCl cot (4) Cl2+ dung dch H2S

Cc phn ng to ra n cht l:A. 1, 2, 4. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3, 4.

Cu 8: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l

A. 3O2+ 2H2Sot 2H2O + 2SO2 B. FeCl2+ H2S FeS + 2HCl

C. O3+ 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2+ O2 D. Cl2+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2OCu 9: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy tc

dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2to thnh kt ta lA. 5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.Cu 10: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH3, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 l

A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.Cu 11: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO 3)2, dung dch HNO3 (c,ngui). Kim loi M l

A. Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.Cu 12: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. S cht trong dy tothnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2l

A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng

d bt Fe vo dung dch X1(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,thu c dung dch X2cha cht tan lA. Fe2(SO4)3v H2SO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO4v H2SO4.Cu 14: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l

A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.

Cu 15: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?A. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4long, ngui.


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C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2. D. Sc kh Cl2vo dung dch FeCl2.Cu 16: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cuv FeCl3; BaCl2v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to radung dch l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 17: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3,K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt

thc, s ng nghim c kt ta lA. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.Cu 18: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l

A. Cu + HCl (long) B. Cu + HCl (long) + O2 C. Cu + H2SO4(long) D. Cu + Pb(NO3)2(long)

Cu 19: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ngxy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c ktta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l

A. hn hp gm BaSO4v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al2O3v Fe2O3.C. hn hp gm BaSO4v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3.

Cu 20: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:1(NH4)2SO4+ BaCl2 2CuSO4+ Ba(NO3)2 3Na2SO4+ BaCl2

4H2SO4+ BaSO3 5(NH4)2SO4+ Ba(OH)2

6Fe2(SO4)3+ Ba(NO3)2 Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:

A. 1, 2, 3, 6. B. 1, 3, 5, 6. C. 2, 3, 4, 6. D. 3, 4, 5, 6.Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Zn vo mt dung dch axit X. Sau phn ng thu c dungdch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch NaOH (d) vo Y, un nng thu c kh khng mu T. Axit X l

A. H2SO4c. B. H2SO4long. C. HNO3. D. H3PO4.Cu 22: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4dung dch trn l

A.NH3. B. KOH. C.NaNO3. D. BaCl2.Cu 23: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l

A. 6. B. 5. C. 7. D. 4.Cu 24: Ho tan hn hp gm: K2O, BaO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 vo nc (d), thu c dung dch X vcht rn Y. Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu ckt ta l

A. K2CO3. B. BaCO3. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Al(OH)3.Cu 25: Cho cc dung dch long: 1FeCl3,

2FeCl2,3H2SO4,

4HNO3,5hn hp gm HCl v NaNO3

Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:

A. 1, 3, 4. B. 1, 4, 5. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3, 5.Cu 26: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H2 nhit

cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit long thnh H2. Kim loi M lA. Cu. B. Fe. C. Al. D. Mg.

Cu 27: Kh no sau y khngb oxi ho bi nc Gia-ven?A. SO2. B. CO2. C. HCHO. D. H2S.

Cu 28: Cho hn hp X gm Cu, Ag, Fe, Al tc dng vi oxi d khi un nng c cht rn Y. Cho Yvo dung dch HCl d, khuy k, sau ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH longd. Lc ly kt ta to thnh em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Z.Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn ca Z gm:


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A. Fe2O3, CuO. B. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag. C. Fe2O3, Al2O3. D. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag2O.

Cu 29: Trong cc th nghim sau:1Cho SiO2tc dng vi axit HF.

2Cho kh SO2tc dng vi kh H2S.3Cho kh NH3tc dng vi CuO un nng.

4Cho CaOCl2tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.5Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. 6Cho kh O3tc dng vi Ag.7Cho dung dch NH4Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2un nng.

S th nghim to ra n cht lA. 4. B. 7. C. 6. D. 5.Cu 30: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:1t dy st trong kh clo.2t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).3Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3(long, d).4Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.5Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d).C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.Cu 31: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:

1Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2.2Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2(hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).3Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.4Sc kh NH3ti d vo dung dch AlCl3.5Sc kh CO2 ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2(hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).6Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.

Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.

Cu 32: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(a) Nung NH

4NO

3rn. (b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H

2SO

4(c).

(c) Sc kh Cl2vo dung dch NaHCO3. (d) Sc kh CO2vo dung dch Ca(OH)2(d).(e) Sc kh SO2vo dung dch KMnO4. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4vo dung dch NaHCO3.(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho Na2SO3vo dung dch H2SO4(d), un nng.S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l

A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.Cu 33: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(a) Nhit phn AgNO3. (b) Nung FeS2trong khng kh.(c) Nhit phn KNO3. (d) Cho dung dch CuSO4vo dung dch NH3(d).(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4. (g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl3 (d).(h) Nung Ag2S trong khng kh. (i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4(d).

S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc lA. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.

Cu 34: Cho cc phn ng sau:(a) H2S + SO2 (b) Na2S2O3+ dung dch H2SO4(long)

(c) SiO2+ Mg 1:2ot

tilemol (d) Al2O3+ dung dch NaOH

(e) Ag + O3 (g) SiO2

+ dung dch HF

S phn ng to ra n cht lA. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.

Cu 35: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng):


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(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st(III) clorua.(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.(c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st(III) clorua. (d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.S th nghim xy ra phn ng lA. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2Cu 36: Cho cc th nghim sau:(a) t kh H2S trong O2d; (b) Nhit phn KClO3(xc tc MnO2);(c) Dn kh F2vo nc nng; (d) t P trong O2d;

(e) Kh NH3chy trong O2; (g) Dn kh CO2vo dung dch Na2SiO3.S th nghim to ra cht kh l

A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.Cu 37: Trng hp no sau y to ra kim loi?A. t FeS2trong oxi d.B.Nung hn hp qung apatit, x vn v than cc trong l ng.C. t Ag2S trong oxi d.D.Nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc trong l in.Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:1Cho Zn vo dung dch AgNO3;

2Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3;3

Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4;

4

Dn kh CO (d) qua bt CuO nng.Cc th nghim c to thnh kim loi lA. 1 v 2. B. 1 v 4. C. 2 v 3. D. 3 v 4.

Cu 39: Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long to thnh kh X; nhit phn tinh th KNO3to thnhkh Y; cho tinh th KMnO4tc dng vi dung dch HCl c to thnh kh Z. Cc kh X, Y v Z ln lt l

A. SO2, O2v Cl2. B. H2, NO2v Cl2. C. H2, O2v Cl2. D. Cl2, O2v H2S.Cu 40: Dung dch long (d) no sau y tc dng c vi kim loi st to thnh mui st(III)?

A. H2SO4. B. HNO3. C. FeCl3. D. HCl.Cu 41: Cho dy cc kim loi: Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vidung dch FeCl3l

A. 6. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 42: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(a) Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2. (b) Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl.(c) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH c. (d) Cho dung dch AgNO3vo dung dch NaF.(e) Cho Si vo bnh cha kh F2. (f) Sc kh SO2vo dung dch H2S.Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng l

A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.Cu 43: Kim loi st tc dng vi dung dch no sau y to ra mui st(II)?A. HNO3c, nng, d. B. CuSO4. C. H2SO4c, nng, d. D. MgSO4.Cu 44: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4trong dung dch H2SO4long (d), thu c dung dch X. Trong cccht: NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 v Al, s cht c kh nng phn ng c vi dung

dch X lA. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 7.Cu 45: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(a) Cho Al vo dung dch HCl. (b) Cho Al vo dung dch AgNO3.(c) Cho Na vo H2O. (d) Cho Ag vo dung dch H2SO4long.Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim xy ra phn ng l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 46: Mt mu kh thi c cha CO2, NO2, N2v SO2 c sc vo dung dch Ca(OH)2d. Trongbn kh , s kh b hp th l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2.


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Cu 47: Ha tan mt kh X vo nc, thu c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch Y n d vo dungdch ZnSO4, ban u thy c kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan ra. Kh X l

A.NO2. B. HCl. C. SO2. D.NH3.Cu 48: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng?A. Au + HNO3c B. Ag + O3 C. Sn + HNO3long D. Ag + HNO3c Cu 49: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(a) Sc kh Cl

2vo dung dch NaOH nhit thng.

(b) Cho Fe3O4vo dung dch HCl long (d).(c) Cho Fe3O4vo dung dch H2SO4c, nng (d).(d) Ha tan ht hn hp Cu v Fe2O3(c s mol bng nhau) vo dung dch H2SO4long (d).Trong cc th nghim trn, sau phn ng, s th nghim to ra hai mui l

A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.Cu 50: Kim loi Ni u phn ng c vi cc dung dch no sau y?A.NaCl, AlCl3. B. AgNO3, NaCl. C. CuSO4, AgNO3. D. MgSO4, CuSO4.

VN 13: LM KH KH

L THUYT

1. Cht lm kh:- c tc dng ht m: H2SO4c, dd kim, CuSO4, CaCl2, CaO, P2O5- khng tc dng vi cht cn lm kh..

2. Kh cn lm kh.H2, CO, CO2, SO2,SO3, H2S,O2, N2, NH3, NO2,Cl2, HCl, hidrocacbon.

3. Bng tm tt.Dd ki m, CaO H2SO4, P2O5 CaCl2 khan,CuSO4

khan

Khlm kh c

H2, CO, O2, N2, NO, NH3,CxHy

H2, CO2, SO2, O2, N2,NO, NO2, Cl2, HCl, CxHy.

T t c

Ch : vi CuSO4

khng lm kh cH2S, NH3

Khkhnglmkh c

CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2,Cl2, HCl, H2S

NH3.

Ch : H2SO4khng lmkh c H2S, SO3cnP2O5th lm kh c

CU HICu 1: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh

A.N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2. B.NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2.

C.NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2. D.N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2.Cu 2: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2m l

A. CaO. B. dung dch H2SO4m c.C.Na2SO3khan. D. dung dch NaOH c.

VN 14: DY IN HA

L THUYT1. Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi


27/59 - Trang 62-

- Nguyn t kim loi d nhng electron tr thnh ion kim loi, ngc li ion kim loi c th nhnelectron tr thnh nguyn t kim loi.

VD: +Ag + 1e Ag 2+Cu + 2e Cu 2+Fe + 2e Fe- Cc nguyn t kim loi (Ag, Cu, Fe,...) ng vai tr cht kh, cc ion kim loi (Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+...)ng vai tr cht oxi ho.- Cht oxi ho v cht kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho - kh. Th d ta c cpoxi ho - kh : Ag+/Ag ; Cu2+/Cu ; Fe2+/Fe.

Kt lun: Ni cp oxi ha kh l ni dng oxi ha trc dng kh sau, v chng ta ghi dng oxi hatrn dng kh.* Tng qut: Dng oxi ha

Dng kh.2. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho - khVD:So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho - kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag, thc nghim cho thy Cu tc dngc vi dung dch mui Ag+theo phng trnh ion rt gn :Cu + 2Ag+Cu2++ 2AgSo snh : Ion Cu2+khng oxi ho c Ag, trong khi Cu kh c ion Ag+. Nh vy, ion Cu2+ctnh oxi ho yu hn ion Ag+. Kim loi Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag.- so snh cp oxi ha kh ta so snh tnh oxi ha ca dng oxi ha, tnh kh ca dng kh. M chiu

phn ng oxi ha kh l cht kh mnh phn ng vi cht oxi ha mnh to cht kh v cht oxi hayu hn.+ tnh oxi ha: Cu2+< Ag+

+ tnh kh: Cu > Ag3. Dy in ho ca kim loiNgi ta so snh tnh cht ca nhiu cp oxi ho - kh v sp xp thnh dy in ho ca kim loi :

Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn

K+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+

K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Fe2+ Ag

Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn4. ngha ca dy in ho ca kim loing dng 1:Xc nh th t u tinXc nh th t u tin phn ng ca cht kh, ca cht oxi ha.Lu nu c hn hp nhiu cht oxi ha kh tc dng vi nhau th ta mi xt th t u tin.Lut phn ng oxihoa kh.

Cht Mnh Cht yu( p trc n ht) ( p tip )

ng dng 2: Quy tc ( Quy tc dng d on phn ng)Gi l quy tc v ta v ch l t c phn ng.Tng qut:

Ox 1 Ox 2Kh 1 Kh 2

=> phn ng:Ox2+ Kh1 Ox1+ Kh2.Dy in ho ca kim loi cho php d on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh theo quy tc (anpha) : Phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh s xy ra theo chiu, cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho chtkh mnh nht, sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn.CU HICu 1: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp Fe3+/Fe2+

ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.


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C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.Cu 2: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y:

AgNO3+ Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3+ Ag Mn + 2HCl MnCl2+ H2Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l

A. Mn2+, H+, Fe3+, Ag+. B. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Mn2+.

C. Ag+ , Mn2+, H+, Fe3+. D. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+.

Cu 3: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cpcht khngphn ng vi nhau l

A. Fe v dung dch FeCl3. B. dung dch FeCl2v dung dch CuCl2.C. Fe v dung dch CuCl2. D. Cu v dung dch FeCl3.

Cu 4: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn2+, Sn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Pb2+. Th t tnh oxi ho gim dn l

A. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+. B. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.

C. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+. D. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+.Cu 5: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi

dung dch Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng

trc Ag+

/Ag)A. Ag, Mg. B. Cu, Fe. C. Fe, Cu. D. Mg, Ag.Cu 6: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy rahon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:

A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.Cu 7: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,thuc dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l

A. Zn(NO3)2v Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3v Zn(NO3)2.C. Fe(NO3)2v AgNO3. D. AgNO3v Zn(NO3)2.

Cu 8: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Mg2+/Mg; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu;

Fe3+

/Fe2+

; Ag+

/Ag. Dy ch gm cc cht, ion tc dng c vi ion Fe3+

trong dung dch l:A. Mg, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe2+, Ag. C. Fe, Cu, Ag+. D. Mg, Cu, Cu2+.

Cu 9: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy th in

cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v ion u phn

ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:

A. Zn, Ag+. B. Zn, Cu2+. C. Ag, Fe3+. D. Ag, Cu2+.Cu 10: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l

A. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+. C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.Cu 11: Cho cc phn ng sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ;AgNO3+ Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3+ Ag

Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:A. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.Cu 12: Cho cc cp oxi ho - kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho ca dng oxi ha

nh sau: Fe2+/Fe, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/Fe2+. Pht biu no sau y l ng?

A. Fe2+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+. B. Cu2+ oxi ho c Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.

C. Fe3+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+. D. Cu kh c Fe3+ thnh Fe.Cu 13: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thuc dung dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l

A. Mg(NO3)2v Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3v Mg(NO3)2.


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C. AgNO3v Mg(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2v AgNO3.

Cu 14: Cho dy cc ion: Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+. Trong cng iu kin, ion c tnh oxi ha mnhnht trong dy l

A. Sn2+. B. Cu2+. C. Fe2+. D.Ni2+.Cu 15: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch gm AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X v hai kimloi trong Y ln lt l:

A. Fe(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)3v Cu; Ag. B. Cu(NO3)2; AgNO3v Cu; Ag.C. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2v Cu; Fe. D. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2v Ag; Cu.

Cu 16: Cho cc cp oxi ha - kh c sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi:

Al3+/Al; Fe2+/Fe; Sn2+/Sn; Cu2+/Cu. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:(a) Cho st vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.(b) Cho ng vo dung dch nhm sunfat.(c) Cho thic vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.(d) Cho thic vo dung dch st(II) sunfat.Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c xy ra phn ng l:

A. (a) v (b). B. (b) v (c). C. (a) v (c). D. (b) v (d).

VN 15: CHT OXI HA, CHT KH - S OXI HA, S KH

L THUYT1. Khi nim- Cht kh l cht nhng electron- Cht oxi ha l cht nhn electron- S kh l qu trnh nhn electron- S oxi ha l s nhng electron.=> Cht v s ngc nhau.2. Cch xc nh cht oxi ha cht kh.

- Cn nh: Kh cho tng, O nhn gimNgha l cht kh cho electron s oxi ha tng, cht oxi ha nhn electron s oxi ha gim.- xc nh c cht oxi ha cht kh ng ta da vo mt s kinh nghim sau:

* Cht va c tnh oxi ha kh l nhng cht:- c nguyn t c s oxi ha trung gian nh FeO, SO2, Cl2- c ng thi nguyn t c soh thp v nguyn t c soh cao ( thng gp cc hp cht

ca halogen, NO3-) nh: HCl, NaCl, FeCl3, HNO3, NaNO3.* Cht ch c tnh kh: l nhng cht ch c nguyn t c s oxi ha thp th hin tnh cht nh

H2S, NH3* Cht ch c tnh oxi ha l nhng cht ch c nguyn t c s oxi ha cao th hin tnh cht

nh F2, O2, O3.

CU HICu 1: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4+ Cu.Trong phn ng trn xy ra

A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.

C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.Cu 2: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phnng l

A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.Cu 3: kh ion Cu2+trong dung dch CuSO4c th dng kim loi


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A. Ba. B. K. C. Fe. D.Na.Cu 4: SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi

A. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4. B. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2.C. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. D. H2S, O2, nc Br2.

Cu 5: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng dA. kim loi Cu. B. kim loi Ba. C. kim loi Ag. D. kim loi Mg.

Cu 6: Cho cc phn ng sau:

4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2+ Cl2+ 2H2O. 2HCl + Fe FeCl2+ H2.14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3+ 3Cl2+ 7H2O.

6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3+ 3H2.16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2+ 5Cl2+ 8H2O.

S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.

Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi ha

v tnh kh lA. 6. B. 5. C. 7. D. 4.

Cu 8: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl2, F2, SO2, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Mn2+, S2-, Cl-. S cht v ion

trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh lA. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 9: Cho cc phn ng sau:(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2+ Cl2+ 2H2O.

(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2+ H2O.(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2+ Cl2+ 2H2O.

(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2+ H2.

S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh lA. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.

Cu 10: Trong cc cht: FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. S cht c c tnh oxiho v tnh kh l

A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 11:Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: 1Fe + S (r), 2Fe2O3+ CO (k), 3Au + O2(k), 4Cu +Cu(NO3)2(r),

5Cu + KNO3(r),6Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l:

A. 1, 4, 5. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 3, 6. D. 2, 5, 6.Cu 12:Nguyn t S ng vai tr va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho trong phn ng no sau y?

A. S + 2Naot Na2S C. S + 6HNO3c

ot H2SO4+ 6NO2+ 2H2O

B. S + 3F2ot SF6 D. 4S + 6NaOH c

ot 2Na2S + Na2S2O3+ 3H2O

Cu 13: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S cht v ion va

c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l

A. 4. B. 6. C. 8. D. 5.

Cu 14: Cho cc phn ng:(a) Sn + HCl long (b) FeS + H2SO4long (c) MnO2+ HCl c (d) Cu + H2SO4c (e) Al + H2SO4long ( g) FeSO4+ KmnO4+ H2SO4S phn ng m H+ng vai tr cht oxi ha l

A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 2.

Cu 15: Cho dy gm cc phn t v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, Fe2+, Cu2+, HCl. Tng s phn t v ion

trong dy va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh lA. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 4.

Cu 16: iu kin thch hp xy ra cc phn ng sau:


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(a) 2C + Ca CaC2 (b) C + 2H2 CH4( c) C + CO2 2CO ( d) 3C + 4Al Al4C3Trong cc phn ng trn, tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn ng

A. (a). B. (c). C. (d). D. (b).

Cu 17: Cho phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng: 2Cr + 3Sn2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Sn.Nhn xt no sau y v phn ng trn l ng?

A. Sn2+ l cht kh, Cr3+ l cht oxi ha. B. Cr l cht oxi ha, Sn2+ l cht kh.

C. Cr l cht kh, Sn2+ l cht oxi ha. D. Cr3+ l cht kh, Sn2+ l cht oxi ha.Cu 18: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau:(a) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2.(b) Fe3O4+ 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3+ FeSO4+ 4H2O.(c) 2KMnO4+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2+ 5Cl2+ 8H2O.(d) FeS + H2SO4 FeSO4+ H2S.(e) 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2.Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng m ion H+ ng vai tr cht oxi ha l

A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.

VN 16: HON THNH PHN NG OXI HA KH

L THUYTI. CN BNG PHN NG OXI HA KH1. PHNG PHP THNG BNG ELECTRONB1. Xc nh s oxi ho cc nguyn t. Tm ra nguyn t c s oxi ho thay i .B2. Vit cc qu trnh lm thay i s oxi ho

Cht c oxi ho tng : Cht kh - ne s oxi ho tngCht c s oxi ho gim: Cht oxi ho + me s oxi ho gim

B3.Xc nh h s cn bng sao cho s e cho = s e nhn

B4. a h s cn bng vo phng trnh, ng cht (Nn a h s vo bn phi ca pt trc) v kimtra li theo trt t : kim loi phi kim hidro oxiVD: Lp ptp oxh-k sau: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3+ N2O + H2O.

OHONNOAlONHAl 21

233

3

3

50

)(

15

30

24.22

3

3

8

NeN

eAlAl

OHONNOAlONHAl 21

233

3

3

50

153)(8308

2. MT S V D VN DNG

a. KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 MnSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2Ob. K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2Oc. Fe + HNO3(, nng) Fe(NO3)3+ NO2+ H2Od. FeO + HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2Oe. Fe3O4 + HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2Of. Fe(OH)2 + HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2Og. FeO + HNO3(l) Fe(NO3)3+ NO + H2Oh. Fe3O4+ HNO3(l) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2Oi. Al + 0HNO3(kh long) Al(NO3)3+ N2O + H2Ok. Al + HNO3(qu long) Al(NO3)3+ NH4NO3 + H2O


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II. CC CHT KH THNG GPa. Kim loi- Tt c kim loi u l cht kh. Kim loi b kh to thnh hp cht ca kim loi trong kim loi cs oxi ha dng. Phn ng no c kim loi tham gia th l phn ng oxi ha kh v kim loi lunlun ng vai tr cht kh. Kim loi c th kh cc phi kim, axit thng thng, nc, axit c tnh oxiha mnh, mui ca kim loi yu hn, oxit ca kim loi yu hn, dung dch kim,- Kim loi kh phi kim (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, O2, S, N2, P, C, Si, H2) to mui hay oxitVD: 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3

Fe + S FeS3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4

- Kim loi kh ion H+ca axit thng thng, to mui v kh hiro.Kim loi ng trc H trong dy th in ho kh c ion H+ ca axit thng thng to kh hiro(H2), cn kim loi b oxi ho to mui: K Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb HCu Ag Hg Pt AuVD: Fe + H2SO4(l) FeSO4+ H2

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3+ 3H2Cu + HCl khng phn ng

- Kim loi kim, kim th kh c nc nhit thng, to hiroxit kim loi v kh hiro.

Kim loi kim: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, FrKim loi kim th: Ca, Sr, Ba, RaVD: Na +H2O NaOH + H2- Kim loi (tr vng, bch kim) kh c axit c tnh oxi ho mnh [HNO3, H2SO4(c, nng)] tomui, kh NO2, NO hay SO2v H2O.- Kim loi mnh (tr kim loi kim, kim th) kh c ion kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui.K Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Hg PtAu- Cc kim loi c oxit lng tnh (tr Cr, gm Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb) kh c dung dch kim, to muiv kh hiro.b. Hp cht ca kim loi trong kim loi c s oxi ha trung gian, m thng gp l Fe(II) [nhFeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe(NO3)2, Fe2+, FeS, FeS2], Fe3O4, Cr(II), Cu2O. Cc cht kh ny b oxi

ha to thnh hp cht ca kim loi c s oxi ha cao hn. c. Mt s phi kim, nh H2, C, S, P, Si, N2, Cl2. Cc phi kim ny b oxi ha to thnh hp cht ca phikim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha dng. Cc cht oxi ha thng dng oxi ha cc phi kim l oxikim loi, oxi, HNO3, H2SO4(c, nng).

d. Mt s hp cht ca phi kim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha trung gian , nh CO, NO, NO2,NO2, SO2, SO32, Na2S2O3, FeS2, P2O3, C2H4, C2H2,Cc hp cht ny b oxi ha to thnh hp chtca phi kim trong phi kim c s oxi ha cao hn.

e. Cc hp cht ca phi kim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha thp nht (cc tiu), nh X(Cl, Br,I, HCl, HBr, HI), S2, H2S, NH3, PH3, CH4, NaH, CaH2, Cc hp cht b oxi ha to phi kim ncht hay hp cht ca phi kim c s oxi ha cao hn.CU HICu 1: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cuvi dung dch HNO3c, nng l

A. 10. B. 9. C. 8. D. 11.Cu 2: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3v SO2th mt phn t CuFeS2s

A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron.C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.

Cu 3: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4+ HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ NxOy + H2OSau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th hs ca HNO3l

A. 23x - 9y. B. 45x - 18y. C. 13x - 9y. D. 46x - 18y.


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Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(I) Sc kh SO2vo dung dch KMnO4. (II) Sc kh SO2vo dung dch H2S.(III) Sc hn hp kh NO2v O2vo nc. (IV) Cho MnO2vo dung dch HCl c, nng.(V) Cho Fe2O3vo dung dch H2SO4c, nng. (VI) Cho SiO2vo dung dch HF.S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l

A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng sau:a) FeO + HNO3(c, nng) b) FeS + H2SO4(c, nng) c) Al2O3+ HNO3(c, nng) d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3

e) CH3CHO + H2, oNi t f) glucoz + AgNO3trong dung dch NH3

g) C2H4+ Br2 h) Glixerol + Cu(OH)2Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:

A. a, b, c, d, e, h. B. a, b, c, d, e, g. C. a, b, d, e, f, h. D. a, b, d, e, f, g.Cu 6: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht trong dy b oxi hakhi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3c, nng l

A. 3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.Cu 7: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3,FeCO3ln lt phn ng vi HNO3c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l

A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.Cu 8: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2OS phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l A. 1/7. B. 4/7. C. 3/7. D. 3/14.Cu 9: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4v H2SO4(long) ln lt vo cc dung dch: FeCl2, FeSO4,CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l

A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 3.Cu 10: Cho phn ng:Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l

A. 27. B. 47. C. 31. D. 23.Cu 11: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi dungdch HNO3c, ngui l:

A. Cu, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Al, Cr. C. Cu, Pb, Ag. D. Fe, Mg, Al.Cu 12: Cho cc cht: KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn, s cht cth b oxi ha bi dung dch axit H2SO4c, nng l

A. 4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.Cu 13: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X):(a) Cho X vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O3( iu kin thng).(b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO3(c).(c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O2).

(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl3.Th nghim m Cu b oxi ho cn Ag khng b oxi ho l

A. (c). B. (a). C. (d). D. (b).Cu 14: Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2?

A. Dung dch BaCl2, CaO, nc brom. B. Dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.C. O2, nc brom, dung dch KMnO4. D. H2S, O2, nc brom.

Cu 15: Cho cc cht ring bit sau: FeSO4, AgNO3, Na2SO3, H2S, HI, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng vidung dch H2SO4c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l

A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.


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Cu 16: Cho cc cht sau: FeCO3, Fe3O4, FeS, Fe(OH)2. Nu ho tan cng s mol mi cht vo dungdch H2SO4c, nng (d) th cht to ra s mol kh ln nht l

A. Fe3O4. B. Fe(OH)2. C. FeS. D. FeCO3.Cu 17: Cho phng trnh ha hc (vi a, b, c, d l cc h s):aFeSO4+ bCl2 cFe2(SO4)3+ dFeCl3T l a : c l

A. 4 : 1. B. 3 : 2. C. 2 : 1. D. 3 : 1.Cu 18: Ho tan Au bng nc cng toan th sn phm kh l NO; ho tan Ag trong dung dch HNO 3

c th sn phm kh l NO2. s mol NO2bng s mol NO th t l s mol Ag v Au tng ng lA. 1 : 2. B. 3 : 1. C. 1 : 1. D. 1 : 3.Cu 19:Cho phn ng ha hc: Cl2+ KOH KCl + KClO3+ H2OT l gia s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht oxi ha v s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht khtrong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng cho tng ng l

A. 1 : 5. B. 5 : 1. C. 3 : 1. D. 1 : 3.Cu 20: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:(a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4long.(b) Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng.(c) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br2trong CCl4.(d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3d, un nng.

(e) Cho Fe2O3vo dung dch H2SO4c, nng.Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.Cu 21: Cho phng trnh phn ng aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3+ dNO + eH2OT l a: b l

A. 1 : 3 B. 2 : 3 C. 2 : 5 D. 1 : 4Cu 22: Cho phng trnh phn ngaFeSO4+ bK2Cr2O7+ cH2SO4 dFe2(SO4)3+ eK2SO4+ fCr2(SO4)3+ gH2OT l a : b l

A. 6 : 1. B. 2 : 3. C. 3 : 2. D. 1 : 6.

Cu 23: Cho phn ng: FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ NO + H2O.Trong phng trnh ca phn ng trn, khi h s ca FeO l 3 th h s ca HNO3l

A. 6. B. 8. C. 4. D. 10.Cu 24: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng:(a) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3.

(b) NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O.(c) Fe3O4+ 4CO 3Fe + 4CO2.

(d) AgNO3+ NaCl AgCl + NaNO3.

Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng oxi ha - kh lA. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.

VN 17: PHN LOI PHN NG HA HCL THUYT- Qu trnh bin i t cht ny thnh cht khc gi l phn ng ha hc. Cht ban u, b bin i trongphn ng gi l cht tham gia (hay cht phn ng), cht mi sinh ra l sn phm. Phn ng ha hcc ghi theo phng trnh ch nh sau:

Tn cc cht phn ng Tn cc sn phmNhng loi phn ng thng gp bao gm :Phn ng ha hp: L phn ng ha hc trong ch c mt cht mi (sn phm) c to thnh thai hay nhiu cht ban u.Phn ng phn hy: L phn ng ha hc trong mt cht sinh ra hai hay nhiu cht mi.


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Phn ng oxi ha - kh:L phn ng ha hc trong xy ra ng thi s oxi ha v s kh.Phn ng thNgoi ra cn c cc phn ng khc nh phn ng trao i, phn ng ta nhit,phn ng trungha,....CU HICu 1: Cho 4 phn ng:Fe + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2 12NaOH + (NH4)2SO4 Na2SO4+ 2NH3+ 2H2O 2

BaCl2+ Na2CO3 BaCO3+ 2NaCl 32NH3+ 2H2O + FeSO4 Fe(OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4 4Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng axit - baz l

A. 2, 4. B. 3, 4. C. 2, 3. D. 1, 2.Cu 2: Cho cc phn ng:Ca(OH)2+ Cl2 CaOCl2+ H2O 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O2NO2+ 2NaOH NaNO3+ NaNO2+ H2O 4KClO3 KCl + 3KClO4O3 O2+ OS phn ng oxi ha kh l:A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.Cu 3: Cho cc phn ng sau:

(a) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2S (b) Na2S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2S(c) 2AlCl3+ 3Na2S + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3+ 3H2S + 6NaCl(d) KHSO4+ KHS K2SO4+ H2S(e) BaS + H2SO4(long) BaSO4+ H2SS phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn S2- + 2H+ H2S l

A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp, xy ra cc phn ng sau:(a) 2H2SO4+ C 2SO2+ CO2+ 2H2O (b) H2SO4+ Fe(OH)2 FeSO4+ 2H2O(c) 4H2SO4+ 2FeO Fe2(SO4)3+ SO2+ 4H2O (d) 6H2SO4+ 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2+ 6H2OTrong cc phn ng trn, phn ng xy ra vi dung dch H2SO4long l

A. (d). B. (a). C. (c). D. (b).

VN 18: QUNG V HP CHT THNG GP

L THUYT1. Mt s qung thng gp1.Qung photphorit. Ca3(PO4)2. 2. Qung apatit

3. Sinvinit: NaCl. KCl ( phn kali) 4. Magiezit: MgCO3

5. Canxit: CaCO3 6. olomit: CaCO3. MgCO3

7. Boxit: Al2O3.2H2O. 8. Mica: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O

9. t st: Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O 10. fensfat: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO211. criolit: Na3AlF6. 12. mahetit: Fe3O4

13.hematit nu: Fe2O3.nH2O. 14. hematit : Fe2O3

15.xiderit: FeCO3 16.pirit s t: FeS2

17.florit CaF2. 18.Chancopirit ( pirit ng ) CuFeS2

2. Mt s hp cht thng gp1. Phn chua: K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O 2. Thch cao s ng CaSO4. 2H2O


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3. Thch cao nung CaSO4.H2O 4. Thch cao khan CaSO4

5. Dim tiu KNO3 6. Dim sinh S

7. vi CaCO3 8. Vi s ng CaO

9. Vi ti Ca(OH)2dng c 10. Mu i n NaCl

11. Xt NaOH 12. Potat KOH

13. Thch anh SiO2 14. Oleum H2SO4.nSO3

15. m ure (NH2)2CO 16. m 2 l NH4NO3

17. Supephotphat n Ca(H2PO4)2+ 2CaSO4 18. Supephotphat kp Ca(H2PO4)2

19. Amophot NH4H2PO4v (NH4)2HPO4 20. Bt n: NaHCO3( lu : NH4HCO3l btkhai)

21. Thy tinh thng: Na2O.CaO.6SiO2 22. Thy tinh kali: K2O.CaO.6SiO2

23. Thy tinh lng: Na2SiO3v K2SiO3 24. Pha l: thy tinh cha nhi u PbO2

25. Silicagen ( ch t ht m): H2SiO3m t mtphn nc

26. thy tinh thch anh: cha nhi u SiO2

CU HICu 1: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l

A. hematit . B. xierit. C. hematit nu. D. manhetit.Cu 2: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l

A. Ca(H2PO4)2. B. Ca3(PO4)2. C.NH4H2PO4. D. CaHPO4.Cu 3: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?

A. KCl. B.NH4NO3. C.NaNO3. D. K2CO3.Cu 4: Phn bn nitrophotka (NPK) l hn hp ca

A. (NH4)3PO4v KNO3. B. (NH4)2HPO4v KNO3.

C.NH4H2PO4v KNO3. D. (NH4)2HPO4v NaNO3Cu 5: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?

A.Thch cao sng ( CaSO4.2H2O) B. Thch cao nung ( CaSO4.H2O)C. Vi sng ( CaO) D. vi ( CaCO3)

Cu 6: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trongngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l

A. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B.Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.C. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. D. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.

Cu 7: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh lA. Fe2O3. B. FeCO3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeS2.

Cu 8: Qung no sau y giu st nht?A. Xierit. B. Manhetit. C. Hematit . D. Pirit st.Cu 9: Thnh phn chnh ca phn bn phc hp amophot l

A. Ca3(PO4)2v (NH4)2HPO4. B.NH4NO3v Ca(H2PO4)2.C.NH4H2PO4v (NH4)2HPO4. D.NH4H2PO4v Ca(H2PO4)2.

VN 19: V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON V CU HNH

L THUYT


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I. XC NH V TR CA NGUYN T TRONG BNG H THNG TUN HANXc nh chu k ta da vo cu hnh electron.Nguyn t c n lp electron nguyn t chu k th nXc nh v tr phn nhm ta da vo dy nng lng.Dy nng lng c electron cui cng sp xp trn orbitan s hoc orbitan p nguyn t phnnhm chnh.Dy nng lng c dngns1 phn nhm chnh nhm I hay phn nhm IA.

ns2 phn nhm chnh nhm II hay phn nhm IIA.ns2np1 phn nhm chnh nhm III hay phn nhm IIIA.ns2np2 phn nhm chnh nhm IVhay phn nhm IVA.ns2np3 phn nhm chnh nhm V hay phn nhm VA.ns2np4 phn nhm chnh nhm VI hay phn nhm VIA.ns2np5 phn nhm chnh nhm VII hay phn nhm VIIA.II. XC NH TNH KIM LOI, PHI KIM V KH HIM(Ta da vo cu hnh electron)Cu hnh electron lp ngai cng c:1,2,3 electrton nguyn t l kim lai.5,6, 7 electrton nguyn t l phi kim.

8 electrton nguyn t l kh him.4 electron v Nu nguyn t chu k nh (CK1,2,3) l phi kim.4 electron v Nu nguyn t chu k ln (CK4,5,6,7) l kim lai.CU HI

Cu 1: Anion X- v cation Y2+u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca ccnguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).C. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3,nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).D. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).

Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t hohc, nguyn t X thuc

A. chu k 4, nhm IIA. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.C. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. D. chu k 3, nhm VIB.

Cu 3: Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X nhm IIA, nguyn t Y nhm VA. Cng thc ca hp cht to thnh t 2 nguyn t trn c dng l

A. X2Y3. B. X2Y5. C. X3Y2. D. X5Y2.

Cu 4: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp nht)v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l ng?A. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.B. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.D.Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.

Cu 5: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn tY nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xtno sau y v X, Y l ng?

A. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.B. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.


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C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.

Cu 6:Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn t Y to vikim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi lng. Kim loi M l

A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Fe.Cu 7:Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhn nguynt X c s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trongbng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l

A. chu k 3, nhm VA. B. chu k 3, nhm VIIA.C. chu k 2, nhm VIIA. D. chu k 2, nhm VA.

VN 20: S BIN I CC I LNG CA BNG TUN HON

L THUYT1. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca n cht- Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn,ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.- Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn,ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn.2. Bn knh- Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn-Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn- Bn knh ca M >> Mn+ v X < Xa-

3. m in: c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t khi to thnh lin kt ha hc.- Trong mt chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn m in tng dn.- Trong mt phn nhm theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn m in gim dn. 4. Tnh axit, tnh baz ca hp cht-Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gimdn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn.-Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tngng tng dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng gim dn.

CU HICu 1: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theochiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th

A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.

Cu 2: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca ccnguyn t tng dn theo th t

A. M < X < R < Y. B. M < X < Y < R. C. Y < M < X < R. D. R < M < X < Y.Cu 3: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t trisang phi l

A. F, Na, O, Li. B. F, Li, O, Na. C. F, O, Li, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.

Cu 4: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:A.N, P, O, F. B. P, N, F, O. C.N, P, F, O. D. P, N, O, F.

Cu 5: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn tc sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:

A.N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.


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Cu 6: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn thA.bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng.B.bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim.C.bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng.D.bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.

Cu 7: Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2;

1s22s22p63s23p1. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l:

A. Y, Z, X. B. Z, X, Y. C. X, Y, Z. D. Z, Y, X.

VN 21: LIN KT HA HC

L THUYTI - KHI NIM V LIN KT HA HC1. Khi nim v lin kt-Lin kt ha hc l s kt hp gia cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th bn vng hn.2.Quy tc bt t (8 electron)Nh vy, cu hnh vi 8 electron lp ngoi cng (hoc 2 electron i vi heli) l cu hnh electronvng bn.

Theo quy tc bt t (8 electron) th nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c khuynh hng lin kt vi ccnguyn t khc t

Ôn Thi QG 2016 - Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Full (1)

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