On Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR): … · 2019. 1. 26. · On Minimum Age of...
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On Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR): Neuropsychological and Developmental PerspecAves Liane Peña Alampay, PhD, RPsy Developmental Psychologist Associate Professor of Psychology 11/21/2016 L.P.Alampay
Transcript of On Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR): … · 2019. 1. 26. · On Minimum Age of...
OnMinimumAgeofCriminalResponsibility(MACR):Neuropsychologicaland
DevelopmentalPerspecAves
LianePeñaAlampay,PhD,RPsyDevelopmentalPsychologist
AssociateProfessorofPsychology
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KeyQuesAonsWhatistheCAPACITYofyoungpeopletoactinwaysconsistentwithsocialrules,expectaAons,andlaws?
CanwereasonablyexpectyouthtothinkandbehaveinthesamewaysasadultsinsituaAonswhereanAsocial/delinquent/riskybehaviorsareinvolved?– quesAonisdifferentfrom“discernment”,i.e.knowingrightvswrong;childrenmayknowrightfromwrongbutthecapacitytobehaveinaccordwiththatknowledgeisadifferentissue
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ScienAficresearchonadolescentdevelopmentandjuveniledelinquencyprovideevidencethatchildrenandadolescentsdiffersignificantlyfromadultsindecision-making,propensitytoengageinriskybehavior,impulsecontrol,idenAtydevelopment,andoverallmaturity.ThedevelopmentalimmaturityofyouthmiAgatestheircriminalculpability.AlthoughtheymaybeabletodiscernrightfromwrongacAon,itistheircapabilitytoactinwaysconsistentwiththatdiscernmentthatisunderminedbyseveralfactorsatthisstage.
-statementofthePsychologicalAssocia3onofthePhilippinesonproposedloweringofMACR
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Thebrainiss@lldevelopingthroughchildhoodandadolescence
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ChildrenandteenagersDONOT(yet)havethecogniAvecapacitytomakereasoneddecisions,considerwithforethoughttheconsequencesoftheiracAons(especiallylong-termconsequences),andcontroltheiremoAonalimpulsesinthesamewaythat(most)adultscan.– brainissAllinflux– limitedlifeexperiences– situaAonsthatareuncertain,stressful,andemoAonallikelyelicitimpulsivebehaviors
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Experiencealsoma]ersinbraindevelopment
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Adversechildhoodexperiences(ACE)affectbrainfuncAon
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imagefromh]p://www.rageagains]heminivan.com/2016/04/the-importance-of-screening-children.html
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imagefromh]p://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/inbrief-the-impact-of-early-adversity-on-childrens-development/
ThetypicalprofileoftheFilipinoCICLisachildoryouthwhoispoorandhighlyexposedtoadversechildhoodexperiencesandacriminogenicenvironment.Theseexperiencesandenvironmentshinderhealthybraindevelopmentandfurtherdiminishcogni@vecapaci@es.
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Summary1. YoutharecharacterizedbynormaAvedevelopmental
limitaAonsindecision-makingandself-regulaAonduetotheirsAll-developingbrain
2. DisadvantagedenvironmentsandadversechildhoodexperienceshinderhealthybraindevelopmentandmayfurtherdiminishcogniAvecapaciAes.
3. #1and#2miAgatechildren’scriminalculpability
4. SupporAnghealthybraindevelopmentthroughchildhoodandadolescencemeansprovidingposiAveandformaAveexperiencessoyouthcandevelopmaturecogniAveskillsandposiAvebehaviors.IncarceraAonorinsAtuAonalizaAonwillsetthemonalifelongnegaAvetrajectory.
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REFERENCESAdhikainParasaKarapatangPambata(2004).Researchonthesitua3onofchildreninconflictwiththelawinselectedMetroManilaci3es.QuezonCity:SavetheChildren(UK)-Philippines.Anda,R.F.,Felih,V.J.,Bremner,J.D.,Walker,J.D.,Whilield,C.H.,Perry,B.D.,...&Giles,W.H.(2006).Theenduringeffectsofabuseandrelatedadverseexperiencesinchildhood.Europeanarchivesofpsychiatryandclinicalneuroscience,256(3),174-186.Alampay,L.P.(2006).Riskfactorsandcausalprocessesinjuveniledelinquency:ResearchandimplicaAonsforprevenAon.PhilippineJournalofPsychology,39(1),195-228.Alampay,L.P.(2005).Arights-basedframeworkforthepreven3onofjuveniledelinquencyinPhilippinecommuni3es.Manila:UnitedNaAonsChildren’sFund.
Beckman,M.(2004).Crime,culpability,andtheadolescentbrain.Science,305(5684),596-599.Cohen,A.O.&Casey,B.J.(2014).RewiringjuvenilejusAce:TheintersecAonofdevelopmentalneuroscienceandlegalpolicy.TrendsinCogni3veSciences,18(2),63-65.MacArthurFoundaAonResearchNetworkonAdolescentDevelopmentandJuvenileJusAce:h]p://www.adjj.org/content/index.php
Shonkoff,J.P.,Garner,A.S.,Siegel,B.S.,Dobbins,M.I.,Earls,M.F.,McGuinn,L.,...&Wood,D.L.(2012).Thelifelongeffectsofearlychildhoodadversityandtoxicstress.Pediatrics,129(1),e232-e246.Steinberg,L.,&Sco],E.(2003).Lessguiltybyreasonofadolescence:Developmentalimmaturity,diminishedresponsibility,andthejuveniledeathpenalty.AmericanPsychologist,58(12),1009-1018.Steinberg,L.,&Haskins,R.(2008).Keepingadolescentsoutofprison.PolicyBrief,TheFutureofChildren,Vol.18No.2,1-7.
UniversityofthePhilippinesCenterforIntegraAveandDevelopmentStudies-ProgramonPsychosocialTraumaandHumanRightsandConsorAumforStreetChildren.(2003).PaintedGrayFacesBehindBarsandintheStreets,StreetChildrenandtheJuvenileJus3ceSystem.QuezonCity:Author 11/21/2016 L.P.Alampay
