Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
-
Upload
krishnareddy-dv -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
1/23
Haritha chowdaryM. S (Pharm.)
(Sem. I)
Department of Natural ProductsNational Institute of PharmaceuticalEducation and Research (NIPER)Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Punjab-
160062 1
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
2/23
WHAT ARE FATTY ACIDS??????
CLASSIFICATION
COMMON FOOD SOURCES OF OMEGA
3 AND 6 FATTYACIDS
DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS
SYNTHESIS & USES
GENERAL MECHANISM OF OMEGA FATTYACIDS
OMEGA 3 FATTYACIDS A PROMISING NOVEL THERAPY FOR
NONALCHOHOLIC FATTYLIVER DISEASE
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS KEY REGULATORS OF HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
3/23
Fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched
aliphatic chain.fattyacids generally have a chain with
even number of carbon atoms, from 4-28. Fatty acidsare important sources of energy storage , as they
metabolize they yield large quantities of ATP.
3Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2009, 109, (4), 668-679.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
4/23
4Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2009, 109, (4),668-679.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
5/23
5
The American journal of clinical nutrition 2000, 71, (1), 343-348.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flax_seeds.jpg -
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
6/23
6The American journal of clinical nutrition 2000, 71, (1), 343-348.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
7/23
2005 Dietary
intake (DRI)
Identified as
adequate
intake(AI)
ALA Recommendations
1.6 grams per day for men 19 years
or older
1.1 grams per day for women 19
years or older
LA recommendations
17 grams per day for men
between 19 and 50 years old
14 grams per day if over 50 per
men
12 grams per day for women
between 19 and 50 years old
11 grams per day if over 50 for
women
7Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Circulation 2006, 114, (1), 82-96.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
8/23
8
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
9/23
Research
suggests
potential
Health-
promising
Benefits
Reduce inflammation in heart
disease, inflammatory bowel
disease and rheumatoid
arthritis
Help prevent blood from
clotting and sticking to artery
walls
Help lower risk for blocked
blood vessels and heart attacks
Prevent hardening of the
arteries
Decrease risk of sudden death
and abnormal heart rates
Decrease triglyceride levels
Neutral or lower levels of
inflammatory markers
Replacing saturated and
trans fat with omega-6
fatty acids associated with
decreasing risk of heart
disease
Improve insulin resistance
and reduce the incidence
of Diabetes
Lowers blood pressure
Lowers cholesterol levels
9Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Circulation 2006, 114, (1), 82-96.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
10/23
10http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006582
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
11/23
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS: A PROMISING
NOVEL THERAPY FOR NON-
ALCHOHOLIC FATTYLIVER DISEASE
11
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
12/23
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined
by the pathological accumulation of fat in the liver
when no other explanatory disease is present: it
encompasses isolated hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 10
35% of theadult population worldwide; there is no consensus on
its treatment
12Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
13/23
Classically, it is considered to be the outcome of 'two
hits. Steatosis, primarily in the form of triglycerides, and
insulin resistance are thought to occur first.
13Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
14/23
sss
Development of Fatty liver
Increased adipose tissue harmone
sensitive lipase activity
Increased NEFA delivery to
tissues
Increased expression of SREBP
and ChREBP
Increased denovo lipogenesis
(DNL)
Insulin Resistance Hyper Insulinemia
14Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
15/23
Sraeli researchers reported in 2009 that drinking too much
sweetened soda or too much fruit juice can cause fatty
liver. They reported that people who drink more thanabout four cups daily of sweetened drinks were five times
more likely to get a fatty liver. Sweetened sodas and
natural fruit juices have a lot of sucrose (table sugar) or
high-fructose corn syrupand it doesnt matter which,because both of them are about half glucose and half
fructose. While we burn off the glucose quickly or store it
in our brains and muscles, we process fructose through our
liver, where the excess gets converted into fat in the cellsof our liver.
15Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
http://www.jhep-elsevier.com/article/S0168-8278(09)00532-7/abstracthttp://www.jhep-elsevier.com/article/S0168-8278(09)00532-7/abstract -
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
16/23
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS : KEY REGULATORS
OF HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION
16
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
17/23
Omega-3 fatty acids are key regulators of hepatic gene
transcription, with peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor alpha (PPARa) and sterol regulatory element
binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) being best known.
These have diverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism and may act like hydrophobic hormones:i.e.
upon ligand binding and activation, they bind to and alter
the function of specific response elements in target genes.
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS: KEY REGULATORS OF
HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION
17Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
18/23
PPAR is a transcription factor known to reduce plasma lipidsand increase mitochondrial beta oxidation.
Two studies employing a murine model of NASHdemonstrated that infusion of a PPAR agonist can preventsteatohepatitis and reverse established disease.
Omega-3s are potent activators of PPAR, which upregulateseveral genes associated with fatty acid and lipid metabolismthat stimulate fatty acid oxidation.
Interestingly, in addition to improvements in steatosis, theremay be an independent, anti-inflammatory effect via PPARmediated suppression of TNF-a and IL-6.
18Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
19/23
There are three isoforms of SREBP: 1a,1c and 2. SREBP-
1a is a potent activator of all genes under SREBP
regulation; SREBP-1c primarily influences genes involved
in fatty acids synthesis; SREBP-2 is implicated in
cholesterol synthesis.
For simplicity, 1a and 1c will be considered jointly as
SREBP-1. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1
plays an important role in insulin resistance and is also a
key regulator of fatty acid synthesis.
19Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
20/23
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS POTENT
ACTIVATORS OF PPAR ALPHA
AND SUPPRESS SREBP1
20Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010, 31, (7), 679-692.
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
21/23
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common and growing problemworldwide. Although frequently asymptomatic and relatively benign,
NAFLD has the potential to progress to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis, when
decompensated, has a poor prognosis.
Currently, the mainstays of treatment are dietary advice, help and
encouragement to lose weight, and exercise, and energetic treatment of co-existing disorders, especially, Type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
It is very difficult to get enough omega3 & 6 fatty acids in our daily diet.
To do so we would need to eat oily fish AT LEAST 3 times a week, which
most people are unable to do. Maintaining good health just makes sense,and supplementing your diet with necessary nutrients forms part of a
balanced programme.
CONCLUSION
21
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
22/23
22
-
7/30/2019 Omega 3 & Omega 6 Fattyacids for the(6)
23/23
23