Precision Agriculture in Europe Olga S. Walsh BIOEN/SOIL 4213 Spring 2007.
Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, Montana
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Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, Montana Mal Westcott, and Martha Knox, Western Agricultural Research Center, Corvallis, Montana Evaluation of Sensor-Based Technologies and Nitrogen Sources for Improved Recommendations for Dryland and Irrigated Spring Wheat Production in Montana JUSTIFICATION DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 experimental sites: 2 dryland (WTARC, and on-farm study (Pat Wheeler, Valier, Pondera County), and 1 irrigated (WARC) Choteau spring wheat variety 4 preplant N rates (22, 45, 67, and 90 kg N ac -1 ) 2 topdress N fertilizer sources (granular – urea, 46-0-0, and liquid – urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), 28-0-0) 1 unfertilized check and 1 non- limiting N-Rich plots(246 kg N ac -1 preplant) per replication Topdress N fertilizer rate determined using NDVI obtained using GreenSeeker and Pocket Sensor at Feekes 5 growth stage To evaluate two sensors (GreenSeeker and Pocket Sensor) for developing NDVI-based topdress fertilizer N recommendations in spring wheat in Montana To determine whether sensor-based recommendations have to be adjusted depending on what N fertilizer source (liquid UAN, or granular urea) is used OBJECTIVES PRECISION SENSING EQUIPMENT GreenSeeker Real-time active light source sensor Emits light at 670nm (red) and 780nm (NIR) Measures crop canopy reflectance at 200 readings /sec Outputs Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) Equivalent to a plant physical examination Pocket Sensor Real-time active light source sensor Can be calibrated to any NDVI sensor NDVI can be directly compared independent of what sensor is used to sense the crop Spring wheat - key cereal crop grown in Montana Great demand for up-to-date information on crop-specific and site-specific fertilizer use is strongly apparent among Montana crop producers In general, N fertilizer rates for cereal crops in Montana are determined as following: NR = YP x 2.5-3.0, (NR=N fertilizer rate (lbs/a), YP=yield potential (bu/a) When wheat yield potential (YP) is higher-than-average, early-season N application may not be adequate for sufficient protein accumulation Late-season N fertilizer application can boost protein level by 0.5-2.0% Quantitatively measures vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Tucker, 1979) A non-destructive methodology developed for precise estimation of crop’s YP mid-season Utilize spectral measurements which are used to develop an algorithm for mid-season topdress N fertilization (Raun et al., 2001) Allow to accurately access the crop’s nutrient status and account for spatial and temporal variability Enable fertilization based on crop need/yield potential adjusting fertilizer application rates according to site-specific conditions Result = more efficient, profitable, and sustainable crop production RESULTS Figures 1a and 1b. Relationship between spring wheat grain yield and GreenSeeker NDVI (1a) and Pocket Sensor NDVI (1b) at WTARC and WARC, 2011. Collecting GreenSeeker NDVI readings from spring wheat plots, Montana, spring 2011 GreenSeeker NDVI values obtained at Feekes 5 growth stage were strongly correlated with spring wheat grain yield (R 2 = 0.95) Pocket Sensor NDVI values collected at Feekes 5 growth stage were able to predict 87% of spring wheat grain yield (R 2 = 0.87) The Sensor-Based Nitrogen Optimization Algorithm (USA/Canada/Mexico) recommended application of 35 to 157 kg N ha -1 at WTARC and from 29 to 80 kg N ha -1 at WARC depending on the NDVI values Much more pronounced response to N was observed at WARC The highest observed NDVI at WARC was 0.7, the plots with NDVI of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were prescribed 29, 57, and 80 kg N ha -1 topdress rates respectively. No topdress was recommended for plots with NDVI AKNOWLEDGEMENT : We are grateful to Montana Fertilizer Advisory Committee for funding this project SENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGY CONTACT INFORMATION : Dr. Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, MSU telephone: (406)278-7707; e-mail: [email protected]; web: 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 f(x) = 5480.68 x² + 1916.42 x + 424.082 R² = 0.944462306181872 GreenSeeker NDVI Spring wheat grain yield, kg ha-1 Figure 1 a 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 f(x) = 19517 x² − 10535.9 x + 2937.81 R² = 0.872632361243899 Pocket Sensor NDVI Spring wheat grain yield, kg ha-1 Figure 1 b
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Evaluation of Sensor-Based Technologies and Nitrogen Sources for Improved Recommendations for Dryland and Irrigated Spring Wheat Production in Montana. Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, Montana - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, Montana
Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, MontanaMal Westcott, and Martha Knox, Western Agricultural Research Center, Corvallis, Montana
Evaluation of Sensor-Based Technologies and Nitrogen Sourcesfor Improved Recommendations for Dryland and Irrigated
Spring Wheat Production in Montana
JUSTIFICATION
DISCUSSION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3 experimental sites: 2 dryland (WTARC, and on-farm study (Pat Wheeler, Valier, Pondera County), and 1 irrigated (WARC)Choteau spring wheat variety4 preplant N rates (22, 45, 67, and 90 kg N ac-
1)2 topdress N fertilizer sources (granular –
urea, 46-0-0, and liquid – urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), 28-0-0)1 unfertilized check and 1 non-limiting N-
Rich plots(246 kg N ac-1 preplant) per replication Topdress N fertilizer rate determined using
NDVI obtained using GreenSeeker and Pocket Sensor at Feekes 5 growth stage
To evaluate two sensors (GreenSeeker and Pocket Sensor) for developing NDVI-based topdress fertilizer N recommendations in spring wheat in MontanaTo determine whether sensor-based
recommendations have to be adjusted depending on what N fertilizer source (liquid UAN, or granular urea) is used
OBJECTIVES
PRECISION SENSING EQUIPMENT
GreenSeeker Real-time active light
source sensorEmits light at 670nm (red)
and 780nm (NIR)Measures crop canopy reflectance at 200
readings /secOutputs Normalized Difference Vegetative
Index (NDVI)Equivalent to a plant physical examination
Pocket SensorReal-time active light source
sensorCan be calibrated to any
NDVI sensorNDVI can be directly
compared independent of what sensor is used to sense the crop
Spring wheat - key cereal crop grown in MontanaGreat demand for up-to-date information on
crop-specific and site-specific fertilizer use is strongly apparent among Montana crop producersIn general, N fertilizer rates for cereal crops
in Montana are determined as following: NR = YP x 2.5-3.0, (NR=N fertilizer rate (lbs/a), YP=yield potential (bu/a)When wheat yield potential (YP) is higher-
than-average, early-season N application may not be adequate for sufficient protein accumulation Late-season N fertilizer application can
boost protein level by 0.5-2.0%
Quantitatively measures vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Tucker, 1979)A non-destructive methodology developed
for precise estimation of crop’s YP mid-seasonUtilize spectral measurements which are
used to develop an algorithm for mid-season topdress N fertilization (Raun et al., 2001) Allow to accurately access the crop’s nutrient status and account for spatial and temporal variabilityEnable fertilization based on crop
need/yield potentialadjusting fertilizer application rates
according to site-specific conditions Result = more efficient, profitable, and
sustainable crop production
RESULTS
Figures 1a and 1b. Relationship between spring wheat grain yield and GreenSeeker NDVI (1a) and Pocket Sensor NDVI (1b) at WTARC and WARC, 2011.
Collecting GreenSeeker NDVI readings from spring wheat plots, Montana, spring 2011
GreenSeeker NDVI values obtained at Feekes 5 growth stage were strongly correlated with spring wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.95)Pocket Sensor NDVI values collected at
Feekes 5 growth stage were able to predict 87% of spring wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.87)The Sensor-Based Nitrogen Optimization
Algorithm (USA/Canada/Mexico) recommended application of 35 to 157 kg N ha-1 at WTARC and from 29 to 80 kg N ha-1 at WARC depending on the NDVI valuesMuch more pronounced response to N was
observed at WARCThe highest observed NDVI at WARC was
0.7, the plots with NDVI of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were prescribed 29, 57, and 80 kg N ha-1 topdress rates respectively. No topdress was recommended for plots with NDVI values >0.5
AKNOWLEDGEMENT: We are grateful to Montana Fertilizer Advisory
Committee for funding this project
SENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGY
CONTACT INFORMATION: Dr. Olga S. Walsh, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, MSUtelephone: (406)278-7707; e-mail: [email protected]; web: http://ag.montana.edu/wtarc/
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.71000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
f(x) = 5480.681124 x² + 1916.42099 x + 424.0816605R² = 0.944462306181873
GreenSeeker NDVI
Sp
rin
g w
he
at
gra
in y
ield
, k
g h
a-1
Figure 1 a
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.71000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
f(x) = 19516.97783 x² − 10535.86697 x + 2937.806512R² = 0.872632361243899
Pocket Sensor NDVI
Sp
rin
g w
he
at
gra
in y
ield
, k
g h
a-1
Figure 1 b
