Presented by:-ANIL KUMAR YADAVM.TECH(1ST YEAR)REG. NO- 13304025

Seminar On

OLED & Flexible Display Technology

Department of Electronics engineering School of Engineering and Technology

Contents• What is oled• Why oled• History• Types of oled• Advantage & Disadvantage• Application• Conclusion• References

What is an OLED ?

• OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode• An OLED is an electronic device made by

placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors. When electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted.

• A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair.

.

• Cheaper way to create flexible lighting• Thinner display• Requires less power • Much faster response time• Better contrast ratio• Wider viewing angles

WHY OLED….?

The first diode device was reported at Eastman Kodak by Ching W.

Tang and Steven Van Slyke in 1987.

In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first commercial PMOLED.

In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc developed various

displays.

In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest full colour OLED.

In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix OLED sub-displays

were sold, and over 10 million were sold in 2003.

In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced AMOLED displays.

Many developments had take place in the year 2012.

History……

After years of research, in October 2013, Samsung announced the world's first product to use a flexible OLED display – theGalaxy Round curved smartphone. This is an Android 4.3 smartphone similar to the Galaxy Note 3,with the major feature being the 5.7" Full-HD curved(400 mm curvature radius) flexible display.

Samsung launched their YOUM flexible OLED panels inJanuary 2013, showing some cool prototypes of curvedand flexible OLED displays.

LG launched flexible Smartphone ,called G Flex, 6" in size in the end of 2013.

History (contd.)

Structure of OLEDs• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - supports for OLED.

• Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current flows through the device.

• Organic layer:

o Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.

o Emissive layer - This layer is made of

organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene.

 • Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) - The cathode

injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

How OLEDs Emit Light ?Apply voltage

An electrical current flows from cathode to anode through the organic layers , giving electron to the conductive layer and removing electrons from emissive layer..........................

Removing electron from the conductive layer leaves holes that need to be filled with electrons in the emissive layer

Then, hole jump to the emissive layer and recombine with electron. As the electrondrop into holes they release their extra energy as….???

LIGHT PHOTONs

Types of OLEDs

1. Passive matrix oled2. Active matrix oled3. Transparent oled4. Top emitting oled5. White oled6. Flexible oled

PMOLEDs have strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of anode, in whichAnode stripe is arranged perpendicular to the cathode strips & intersections of the cathode and anode make up the pixels, where light is emitted.

External circuitry applies current to selected strips of anode and cathode,determining which pixels get turned on and which pixels remain off. The brightness of each pixel is proportional to the amount of applied current.

Passive Matrix OLEDs (PMOLEDs)

• Easy to make• Use more power• Best for small screens

AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix.The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned onto form an image.

AMOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires less power than external circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays. AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates suitable for video.The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer monitors, large-screen TVs and electronic signs or billboards.

Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs)

It have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and anode) and, when turned off are up to 85% as transparent as their substrate.When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be either active- or passive-matrix.

Transparent OLEDs

It emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient than that emitted by fluorescent lights. White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of incandescent lighting. Because OLEDs can be made in large sheets, they can replace fluorescent lights that are currently used in homes and buildings. Their use could potentially reduce energy costs for lighting.

White OLEDs

It have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective.They are best suited to active-matrix design. Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays in smart cards.

Top-emitting OLEDs

Flexible oleds have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, a major cause for return or repair. Potentially, foldable

OLED displays can be sewn into fabrics for “smart” clothing, such as outdoor survival clothing with an integrated computer chip, cell phone, GPS receiver and OLED display sewn into it.

Flexible OLED

Advantages

• Much faster response time• Consume significantly less energy • Able to display "True Black" picture • Wider viewing angles• Thinner display• Better contrast ratio• Safer for the environment• Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively• OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs• Cheaper way to create flexible lighting• Requires less power • Better quality of light • New design concepts for interior lighting

Disadvantages • Cost to manufacture is high• Overall luminance degradation• Constraints with lifespan • Easily damaged by water• Limited market availability • Not as easy as changing a light bulb

  •  Lifetime

• White, Red, Green 46,000 hours , Blue 14,000 hours

 

Applications of OLED technology

3D-Foldable Display Transparent Large Format DisplayPersonal Digital Assistants (PDAs) Audio/Visual display systems Mobile telephones Portable games Personal care appliances Household goods Dynamic information displays Medical handheld devices flexible, bendable Displays Flexible & Sensor Integrated DisplayWall display Foldable Display Alarm clockBended Display for kitchen Automotive Window DisplayBlackboard Display Unbreakable Display for schoolTransparent Elevator Wearable DisplaySmart Window New designs for lampsOLEDs in car windshieldsTransparent OLEDs embedded in windows

And many more we cannot even imagine today....................

BlackBerry Z30 Oct 09, 2013

BlackBerry's flagship phone for 2013, and the first one to use v10.2 of the BB 10 OS sports a large 5"

Nokia Lumia Icon Feb 13, 2014

Nokia's Lumia Icon is a high-end Windows Phone smartphone with a 5" Full HD Super MOLED display .

LG G Flex 26 feb, 2014

LG's G Flex is the first phone that uses LG Display's flexible plastic OLED display. The G Flex has a 6" 720p RGB flexible OLED display made by LG Display that is curved from top to bottom .

Samsung Galaxy Round Oct 23, 2013

The Galaxy Round is the world's first flexible OLED device. This Android 4.3 smartphone features a plastic-based curved 5.7" Full-HD (386 PPI, probably Pentile) Super AMOLED display. The screen curvature radius is 400 mm.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Feb 25, 2014

Samsung's Galaxy S5, the company's 2014 flagship mobile phone, was designed to "focus on what matters most to consumers"

OLED Magic phoneA flexible OLED is based on a flexible substrate! The substrate can be plastic, metal, or flexible glass. We think that the Magic phone concept from Samsung will be a plastic substrate.The magic phone concept is a combination between a smartphone (Galaxy S) and a watch (Gear). You can roll out your flexible display from the watch and can use it as a smartphone.

OLEDs as a Light Source

Rolltop Laptop

OLED TV

Mobile phones with oled screen

Future Uses for OLEDLighting• Flexible / bendable lighting• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space• Transparent lighting doubles as a window • Heads up display.

 Cell Phones• Nokia 888

    

Conclusion

• Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as

the next generation displays.

• As OLED display technology matures, it will be

better able to improve upon certain existing

limitations of other display techonogy including

• high power consumption

• limited viewing angles

• poor contrast ratios.

•IEEE Paper, Hellemans. A. Polymer matrix augurs flexible displays. IEEE Spectrum 37, 1821. •http://www.oled-info.com•http://news.oled-display.net-------for daily oled news & market.•http://www.konicaminolta.com/about/research/oled/development/indexhtml, accessed: February 2012 •http://www.raystar-optronics.com

References

In Next Episode…………. we will see about…………

Material used for oled Oled driver circuit fabrication technology Global market till now……..

AND

It will continue up to final episode………

THANK YOU