Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs
Transcript of Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs
![Page 1: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DETECTION OF LUNGS NODULE CANDIDATES IN CHEST RADIOGRAPHS
SUPERVISED BY: Dr. ASMATULLAH KHAN
GROUP MEMBERSSAJID KHAN O7-0094RIAZ AHMED 07-0100MAJID ALI 07-0106
![Page 2: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is nodule?
• A pulmonary nodule is a small, roundish growth on the lung, sometimes called a spot on the lung.
• Pulmonary nodules turn up in about one of every 500 chest x-rays
• From literature review it is observed that lung nodule causes cancer that is the second most common cancer in humans with mortality rate more than 90 %.
![Page 3: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
XRAY OF NODULE EFFECTED LUNG
NODULE DETECTED BY RADIOLOGIST
![Page 4: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PROJECT OVERVIEW
• In this project we desire to make the lung nodule visible to a machine. To make it happen we implemented and applied geometric filters which exploits geometry of nodule for its enhancment. These filters are reffered to as Convergence Index and Iris Filter and SBF.
• In addition we also included the application of Lindberg’s blob detection technique along with another technique of marking boundary of nodules.
![Page 5: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IDEAL NODULE
![Page 6: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GRADIENT VECTOR
• The definition of gradient in physics is the rate at which any physical quantity whether it is temperature, pressure, or such other things decreases or increases with respect to a given variable.
• According to mathematics, gradient is a vector whose coordinate components are the partial derivatives of a function with respect to the variables that affects it.
• Gradient(x)= Gradient(y)=
![Page 7: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Lung image
![Page 8: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GRADIENT VECTOR (CONT: )
![Page 9: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HOW GRADIENT VECTOR CAN BE HELPFUL
• In case of nodule, almost all of the gradients in its region of support points towards its center.• The angles between gradient vector at every pixel in the neighborhood of the center the nodule, and the
distance vector from center towards these pixels are nearly equal to 180 degree.
• This concept can be used to calculate degree of convergence of any filter.
![Page 10: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Degree of convergence
• In case of noduleGradient vector
Distance vector
![Page 11: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Degree of convergence
• In case of non nodule
Gradient vector
Distance vector
![Page 12: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SEGMENTATION OF X-RAY
![Page 13: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SEGMENTATION OF X-RAY
![Page 14: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Convergence index filter
• The convergence index filter, mainly differing on the region of support used for calculating the convergence degree. The Equation of Convergence index filter is given below.
![Page 15: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Region of support.
• The region of support is small piece of an image, in this piece we calculate the convergence degree of a pixel of interest, then we shift the region of support pixel by pixel and calculate the convergence degree of that pixel.
![Page 16: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Zero Padding
• shows zero padding mechanism for the mask or region of support of 3×3.
![Page 18: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RESULTS OF CONVERGENCE FILTER
ORIGINAL IMAGE CONVERGENCE INDEX FILTER
![Page 19: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IRIS FILTER
• Working of IRIS filter is almost same but the main difference is the number of lines radiating away from the pixel of interest that is used in IRIS filter.
• Equation of IRIS filter is given below:
![Page 20: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Region of support in Iris Filter
![Page 21: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
RESULT OF IRIS FILTER
ORIGINAL IMAGE IRIS FILTER
![Page 22: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sliding band filter (SBF)
• Sliding band filter (SBF), is also a member of the CI filter class as its output is also a measure of the degree of convergence of gradient vectors. The main difference between this new filter and the iris filter is that the SBF searches in each radial direction the band of fixed width that corresponds to the maximum degree of convergence.
• The SBF equation is given below.
![Page 23: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Region of support in SBF
![Page 24: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
RESULT OF SBF
![Page 25: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
COMPARISION
![Page 26: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
USE OF LINDBERG’S BLOB DETECTION
• We can use Lindberg’s blob detection technique to mark those regions from where we can get strong nodular candidate.
• Lindberg’s blob detection technique is used to draw circles across those areas where contrast changes.
• In such a way we can save the processing time for the detection of lung nodule candidates BY by first applying Lindberg’s blob detection and then applying our filters on circled areas only.
![Page 27: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CONT…
![Page 28: Old Detection of Lungs Nodule Candidates in Chest Radio Graphs](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081412/54474be7b1af9f800a8b4da0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
MARKING BOUNDARIES OF CANDIDATES