Anatomy II: Lesson 6

COMPONENTS OF THE PHARYNX

OBJECTIVE: STUDENTS WILL INVESTIGATE THE COMPONENTS OF THE

PHARYNX, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS AND TEETH IN ORDER

IDENTIFY THE PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES, CARTILAGES AND DIVISIONS.

Warm Up:

1. Label the missing Hyoid Apparatus

A =

B =

2. Identify the specie of the Tongue

How do you know?

A

B

Hyoid Apparatus

Review

Articulations of Hyoid

Typanohyoideum

Canine

Mastoid Process

Ruminants and Equine

Styloid Process

Swine

Nuchal Process

Thyrohyoideum

All Species

Thyroid Cartilage

Specie Variants

Only in Equine and Ruminants

Processus Lingualis

Projects off Basihyoid

Angulus Styloideum

Off of the Stylohyoid

Salivary Glands

Review

Parotid Gland

Mandibular Gland

Sublingual Glands

Polystomatic

Monostomatic (x Eq)

Zygomatic Gland

Muscles of the Tongue

Mastication Apparatus – 3 Divisions

1. Muscles of Mastication

M. Masseterica

M. Diagastricus

M. Pterygoideus Med & Lat

M. Mylohyoideum

M. Temporalis

2. Temporomandibular Joint

3. Teeth & Gums

Muscles of Mastication

Teeth and Variants

Heterodonty Different types of teeth

Incisors

Canines

Premolar

Molar

Diphyodont 1st set, than 2nd Permanent

Deciduous Teeth (First eruption)

Polyphodont Dentation Multiple Succesions

Structure of Teeth

Crown (corona dentis)

Covered in enamel

Neck (collum dentis)

Where enamel ends

Root (radix dentis)

Below gum, embedded in alveolus

Structure of Teeth

Three different mineralized tissues

enclose the Dental Cavity which is

filled with Pulp (CT, Nerve, Vessel)

1. Enamel

Brachyodont (Carnivores and Sus)

Hypselodont (Ruminants & Equine)

2. Dentin

3. Cement

Apical Foramen opens on ventral

surface known as Root Canal

Memorize This!

Pharynx: Common cavity through which

both air and ingested materials pass

Connects oral cavity

with esophagus

Connects nasal cavity

with Larynx

Three Divisions

1. Nasopharynx

2. Oropharynx

3. Laryngopharynx

Pharynx Divisions

SEVEN Openings of the Pharynx

1. Isthmus faucium between the oral cavity and oropharynx

2. Paired choanae between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx (x2)

3. Entrance to Auditory Tubes connecting nasopharynx and the

middle ear (x2)

4. Aditus laryngis entrance into the larynx

5. Aditus oesophageus entrance into the esophagus

Openings of the Pharynx

Variations

Shape of epiglottis

Cuneiform Process

location

Thyroid cartilage

notch

Muscles of the Pharynx

Rostral Constrictor Muscles (longitudinal fibers)

M. Pterygopharyngeus

M. Palatopharyngeus

Medial Constrictor Muscles

M. Hyopharyngeus

Caudal Constrictor Muscles

M. Thyropharyngeus

M . Cricopharyngeus

Dilator Muscles (ONLY ONE!)

Caudal Stylopharyngeus

Muscles of Pharynx

Upper Muscles – Dilate the Pharynx by

pulling the hyoid apparatus, tongue and

larynx caudally

M. Mylohyoideus

M. Geniohyoideus

M. Stylohyoideus

M. Occipitohyoideus

M. Ceratohyoideus

M. Transverse Hyoideus (x Car. & Sus)

Lower Muscles

M. Sternohyoideus

M. Sternothyroideus

M. Omohyoideus (x Car.)

Muscles of the Hyoid Apparatus