Oilfield Wh

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Oilfield Water Handling

Treatment and Re-Injection

Mukul M Sharma

Professor

Department of Petroleum amp ChemicalEngineering

University of Texas at Austin

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Produced WaterProduced Water

1 Veil J A Puder M G Elcock D Redweik R J US DOE 2004 pp 3-10

frac34 Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production

frac34 Each barrel of oil produced generates 7-10 barrels of water 1

frac34 Composition depends on geographical location but primarycomponents of produced water often include

ndash Dispersed oils

ndash Soluble organics such as organic acids aromatic hydrocarbonsphenols andor volatiles

ndash Salt

ndash Treatment chemicals such as emulsion breakers corrosion

inhibitors and biocidesndash Produced solids such as clay sand silt and carbonates

ndash Metals

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Size and Nature of the ProblemSize and Nature of the Problem

Produced water discharges to the North Sea Fate and Effects in the water columnSummary Report httpwwwolfnostaticenrapporterproducedwater2html

Rawn-Schatzinger et al GasTIPS 9 pp 13-18 (2003)Rawn-Schatzinger et al GasTIPS 10 pp 9-14 (2004)

frac34 Produced water is the largest single wastewater stream in oil andgas production

frac34 More than 14 billion barrels processed in US alone in 2002

frac34 Produced water is often polluted due to contamination with saltsemulsified oils etc

ndash Unfit for human consumption

ndash Unfit for agricultural use

ndash Cannot be directly discharged

frac34 Subsurface injection is often the most viable disposal option

ndash Injection costs vary from $075 - $150 per barrel

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Treatment and Re-InjectionTwo major efforts at UTTwo major efforts at UT

frac34frac34 Water ReWater Re--Injection ResearchInjection Research

frac34frac34 Industry fundedIndustry funded

frac34frac34 FoulingFouling--Resistant Membranes for Resistant Membranes for

Produced Water PurificationProduced Water Purification

frac34frac34 DOE and industry fundedDOE and industry funded

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Water ReWater Re--Injection Research ProgramInjection Research Program

Injection Well Models Core flow tests

Combining single well modelswith reservoir simulators

Large block tests

Distributed ModelsOily Water Injection

Injection Into Soft SandsHorizontal MultilateralInjectors

Case Studies

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FoulingFouling--Resistant MembranesResistant Membranes

forfor Produced Water PurificationProduced Water Purification

Benny Freeman Mukul SharmaElizabeth Van Wagner Alyson Sagle

The University of Texas at Austin

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OpportunityOpportunity

Produced water discharges to the North Sea Fate and Effects in the water columnSummaryReport httpwwwolfnostaticenrapporterproducedwater2html


frac34 Produced water often generated in arid regions (eg westernUS) where water could be used for

ndash Human consumption

ndash Wildlife and livestock watering

ndash Crop watering

ndash Recreational use

frac34 Estimated cost to treat produced water by RO is $008-$010 per

barrelfrac34 If treatment cost of produced water decreased useful economic

life of oil and gas fields increase

frac34 Potential show-stopping issue RO membrane fouling byproduced water

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Produced Water Problem or OpportunityProduced Water Problem or Opportunity

Undesirable Managementof Produced Water

Eye on Environment 7(2) Summer 2002 US DOE NETL

Beneficial Use of Produced Water

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Purification of Produced Water ApproachPurification of Produced Water Approach

frac34Begin with commercial RO membranes whichhave excellent rejection for salts oil etc

frac34Modify surface of membranes to resist fouling

ndash Graft fouling-resistant brushes to surface

ndash Coat with fouling-resistant polymers

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Project TasksProject Tasks

frac34Characterize oil-water emulsions

frac34

Select RO membranes for modification

frac34Developrefine grafting and coatingchemistry

frac34 Prepare and test coated or surface

modified membranes

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Emulsion CharacterizationEmulsion Characterization

frac34 Determine size and size distribution of emulsions

ndash Problem no single analytical technique is good for entiredistribution

bull Dynamic light scattering lt1 microm diameter

bull Coulter counter gt08 microm and lt4 microm

bull Optical microscope gt~1 microm

ndash Approach use all three techniques to characterize emulsion

frac34 Determine effect of oilsurfactant ratio concentrationand blending time on size distribution and stability

frac34 Standard conditionsndash 1500 mgL soybean oil DC 193 non-ionic surfactant mixture

ndash 91 oilsurfactant ratio

ndash Mix for 180 s in high speed blender

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Optical MicroscopyOptical Microscopy

1500 ppm 15000 ppm

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Size CharacterizationSize Characterization

frac34Number Average Diameter

frac34Weight (or Volume)Average Diameter

frac34Polydispersity (PD)

n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

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Example Optical Microscopy ResultsExample Optical Microscopy Results

Blending time was fixed at 180 seconds

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Coulter counter results for standard recipeCoulter counter results for standard recipe

Dn (microm) Dv (microm)

1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155

Number distribution and volume distribution for the emulsionsprepared by standard recipe (1500 ppm 91 180s) 3 duplicateruns were performed and shown on the graphs

C lt C t M f th Eff t f C t tiCoulter Counter Measure of the Effect of Concentration

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Coulter Counter Measure of the Effect of ConcentrationCoulter Counter Measure of the Effect of Concentration

and oilsurfactant ratio on Size and Distributionand oilsurfactant ratio on Size and Distribution


C l ti B t O ti l MiC l ti B t O ti l Mi

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Correlation Between Optical MicroscopyCorrelation Between Optical Microscopy

and Coulter Counter Resultsand Coulter Counter Results

S l D i Li ht S tt i R ltS l D i Li ht S tt i R lt

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Sample Dynamic Light Scattering ResultsSample Dynamic Light Scattering Results

Correlation Between Coulter CounterCorrelation Between Coulter Counter

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and Dynamic Light Scattering Resultsand Dynamic Light Scattering Results

E l i Ch t i ti R ltEmulsion Characterization Results

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Emulsion Characterization ResultsEmulsion Characterization Results

frac34Emulsion concentration oilsurfactant ratioand blending time influence emulsionproperties

frac34Oil emulsions with smaller particles andnarrower particle size distribution can be

achieved by decreasing emulsionconcentration increasing surfactant andincreasing blending time

frac34Baseline emulsion formulation (1350 ppmsoybean oil 150 ppm DC-193 blended for 180

s) stable for at least 2 weeks

Membrane ModificationMembrane Modification

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Approach1 GraftingApproach1 Grafting

Lit t D t PEG di idLiterature Data PEG diepoxide t t d RO M btreated RO Membranes

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Literature Data PEG diepoxideLiterature Data PEG diepoxide--treated RO Membranestreated RO Membranes

OCH2CH2H2C OCH2 CH CH2

O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()

(nasymp75 mwasymp3400)

NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514

Mickols William E US Patent 6280853 B1 2001

Test conditions 2000 ppm NaCl feed ∆p = 225 psi

GE Infrastructure Water amp Process TechnologiesGE Infrastructure Water amp Process Technologies

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frac34 Formerly GE Osmonicsfrac34 GE Series A Brackish Water

Reverse Osmosis Membranes

frac34 Polyamide thin film composites onpolysulfone support


Commercial RO MembranesCommercial RO Membranes

Typical Feed Pressure (psig) 200 Typical operating flux (Lm2hr) 15-35

Average NaCl Rejection () 995

SEM image of AG membrane

(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH

i i f bC i i f AG RO M b

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Composition of AG RO MembraneComposition of AG RO Membrane

XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1

Solve for x and y x = 056plusmn025 y = 044 plusmn025

614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N

Carboxylic acid groups (CA) = 187 plusmn83

Koo et al report 93plusmn12 CA for a similar membrane (FT-30)

NH

Koo J Petersen R J Cadotte J E Polymer Preprints 1986 27 391

Tethering Brushes to RO Membranes Tethering Brushes to RO Membranes

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Tethering Brushes to RO Membranesg

ReactReact EpoxidesEpoxides with Terminal Amineswith Terminal Amines

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R

PEGPEG DiepoxideDiepoxide TreatmentTreatment

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PEGPEG DiepoxideDiepoxide Treatment Treatment

frac34 Soak membrane in deionized water for ~24 hrschanging water occasionally to remove glycerin

frac34 Heat water to 40oC

frac34 Add poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGdiepoxide) to water let stir for 5 minutes

frac34 Submerge membrane in solution for 10 minuteswhile maintaining temperature (no stirring)

frac34 Remove membrane rinse ten times with deionizedwater shaking to remove unreacted PEG diepoxidestore membrane in deionized water

Effect of Effect of DiepoxideDiepoxide Grafting Solution ConcentrationGrafting Solution Concentration

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pp gg

on Contact Angle of GE AG RO Membraneon Contact Angle of GE AG RO Membrane

frac34 Contact angle decane dropin water

frac34 Contact angle decreasedstrongly at low diepoxideconcentration

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50

C o n t a c t A n g l e

( o )

PEG diepoxide Concentration (vol)


O

HCH2C

O

n

PEG diepoxide (n asymp 9 mw asymp 526)

CrossflowCrossflow Data Untreated vs PEGData Untreated vs PEG

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diepoxidediepoxide--treatedtreated FilmTecFilmTec MembranesMembranes

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt top surface (XLE)

A v e r a g e p e r m e a n c e ( L ( m 2

h b a r ) )

Permeation time (hrs)

075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 012 wttop surface (XLE)

n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)

N o r m a l i z e d a v e r a g e p e r m e a n c e


Initial conditions pure water plus 2000 ppm NaClAt t = 0 added 25 ppm dodecane25 ppm SLS emulsion25oC 06 gpm pH 77 ∆p = 150 psi 12

NaClNaCl Rejection Untreated vs PEGRejection Untreated vs PEG

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jjdiepoxidediepoxide--treatedtreated FilmTecFilmTec MembranesMembranes

98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)

A v e r a g e N a C l r e j e c t i o n

( )

Permeation time (hours)

Initial conditions pure water plus 2000 ppm NaClAt t = 0 added 25 ppm dodecane25 ppm SLS emulsion25oC 06 gpm pH 77 ∆p = 150 psi

PEG diepoxidePEG diepoxide--treated AG RO Membranestreated AG RO Membranes

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PEG diepoxidePEG diepoxide-treated AG RO Membranestreated AG RO Membranes

PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))

0 room temp 67 plusmn 3 125 36

0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066

Dead End Experiments with PEGDead End Experiments with PEG

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ppdiepoxidediepoxide--treated GE AG RO Membranestreated GE AG RO Membranes

frac34 Comparison of pure water and150 ppm surfactant (DC193)solution fluxes for untreated (0vol room temp) vs treated (2vol PEG diepoxide 40oC)membranes

ndash Flux of untreated membrane

decreases by 25x for surfactantsolution vs pure water

ndash Flux of PEG diepoxide-treatedmembrane decreases by lt20

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )

Permeation Time (hours)

0 vol room temp pure water

0 vol room temp 150 ppm surfactant

2 vol 40oC pure water

2 vol 40oC 150 ppm surfactant

∆p=50 psi

PreliminaryPreliminary CrossflowCrossflow ResultsResults

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0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a

t e F l u x ( L m 2 h

r )

Permeation Time (hr)

Control

Coating

Graft

IncreasePressureto 225 psig

Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

O r g a n i c R e j e c t i o n (

)


ControlGraft

Coated

Original Conditions ∆p=150 psi 1500 ppm oilwater emulsion 10 gpm

Future WorkFuture Work

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frac34 Graft PEG with one epoxyendgroup

ndash Synthesize from PEG

methacrylate (PEGMA) or PEGmethyl ether methacrylate(PEGMEMA) using m-

chloroperoxybenzoic acid innonpolar solvent

frac34 Graft PEG diepoxides of varying chain length

frac34 Explore pH effects

frac34 Explore isocyanate linkingchemistry

H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n

poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA)

H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn

poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA)

CCl

O

O OH

m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid

Preparation of Molecules for GraftingPreparation of Molecules for Grafting

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CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates

R OH O C N R N C O R O C

O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H

1 Reaction conditions 25oC dichloromethane (solvent)Koerner T et al Journal of Organic Chemistry 1999 64 196-201

SummarySummary

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SummarySummary

frac34 Grafting provides a straightforward practical method toalter surface properties of RO membranes

frac34 Grafting directly to RO membrane surface yields a

material that does not exhibit significant fouling byoilwater emulsions

frac34 Future studies will focus on developing systematic

structureproperty relations to prepare optimum coatingand grafting strategies to protect RO and NFmembranes from fouling by produced water

Approach 2Approach 2

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frac34Applying coatingsndash Attach a hydrophilic polymeric film to the

surface of commercial RO membrane

frac34Grafting molecules

ndash Graft molecules to commercial RO membranesurface

bull Hydrophilic molecules

bull Molecules with C=C bonds (ie methacryloyl chloride)for future polymerization with hydrophilic molecules or films

UVUV--CrosslinkedCrosslinked Polymeric CoatingsPolymeric Coatings

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H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH

UVUV CrosslinkedCrosslinked Polymeric CoatingsPolymeric Coatings

Poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate

Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C

Crosslinker Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate

H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate

C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH

UV Initiator 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketoneAcrylic Acid

Contact Angles in PEG CoatingsContact Angles in PEG Coatings

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Contact Angles in PEG Coatingsg g

35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA n=13

C o n t a c t A n g l e i n W a t e r

( 0 )

P er c

en t W a t er U p t ak

e ( w t )

wt Water in Prepolymer Mixture

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100

5050 PEGDAPEGA Copolymer

W a t e r C o n t a c t A n g l e ( 0 )

P er c en t W a t er U p t ak e ( w t )


As water uptake increases surface hydrophilicity increases

Properties of Properties of HydrogelsHydrogels

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ope es op yd ogesy g

35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W

a t er U p t ak e ( w

t )


bullContact angle data showhydrophilic nature of PEGDAfilms

bullStrong relationship betweencontact angle and water uptake

bullPrevious work has shownincreased water transport with

an increase in water uptake

bullCopolymers of PEGDAPEGAand PEGDAPEGMEA show

similar behavior bull Initial coating work will focus on

100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass

drymasswetmassuptakewater x

minus

=

Coating Problems EncounteredCoating Problems Encountered

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gg

frac34Difficult to produceuniform coatings

frac34Most successful coatingwas approximately 40microns thick

ndash Desire a coating lessthan 10 microns toreduce flow resistance

SEM of coated membrane Measured

coating thickness approx 40 microns

bull PEG coatings easy to separate from themembrane- Need a way to chemically attach PEG coating to the

membrane surface

Methacryloyl Chloride GraftingMethacryloyl Chloride Grafting

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y y gy y g

frac34 Treat RO membrane with solution of methacryloyl chloride in solvent of 5 12-dimethoxyethane (monoglyme) 95 decane

frac34Allow membranes to soak for various times atroom temperature

frac34

Rinse membranes with de-ionized water toremove residual methacryloyl chloride

frac34 Take FTIR spectra to determine whether grafting

has occurredfrac34Surface polymerize a hydrophilic monomer onto

treated membranes


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frac34Refine GMA reaction

ndash Examine shorter reaction times for a moreefficient process

frac34Apply PEG coatings to GMA-modified

membranes

frac34 Test modified membranes using oilwater

emulsions under crossflow conditions


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Two major efforts at UTTwo major efforts at UT







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QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments

Contact Angle vs Water Uptake in SeveralContact Angle vs Water Uptake in SeveralFamilies of MaterialsFamilies of Materials

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Families of MaterialsFamilies of Materials

All chemistries show a similar trend

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C

o n t a c t A n g l e ( 0 )

Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA

Coating ApparatusCoating Apparatus

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PVDF support membrane

Drawdown rod

Coating speed

Coating ProcedureCoating Procedure

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frac34Variables rod size (coating thickness) andcoating speed

frac34Select the ideal rod size (6microm-100microm)frac34Mount the support membrane samples on the

glass surface and lower the weight armassembly

frac34Spread the prepolymerization mixture near the

rod and coat the support

Characterization of Coated RO MembraneCharacterization of Coated RO Membrane

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WaterContactAngleCoated 527plusmn21

Uncoated 670plusmn10

frac34 Substrate AG membrane

frac34 Applied PEGDA in 60 wt water with 2 wt high MW PEO

frac34 PEGDA solution thickness ~ 50microns

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r F l u x a t 5 0 p s i g

( L m 2 h r )

Permeation Time (min)

Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample

Pre-filtered water 50 psig

(L p = 22 Lm2 hr bar)Angle measured using decane


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Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after

2 hr rinsewith testsolution

Untreated 78 85 69 84Treated (03

PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100

frac34 Test solution (1500 ppmNaCl ∆p = 150 psi) used for baseline flux all percentagesare compared to this flux

frac34 Surfactant solutions contain 1500 ppmNaCl andndash Surfactant A 100 mM dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

ndash Surfactant B 100 ppmsodium dodecyl sulfate

frac34 First rinse is purified water flux is of 2000 ppmNaCl solution

frac34

Flux measured after 3 hrs of treatment unless stated otherwiseMickols William E US Patent 6280853 B1 2001

Test condition ∆p = 150 psi

SurfactantsSurfactants

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frac34Dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

frac34Sodium dodecyl sulfate

N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO

Dead End Experiments with PEGDead End Experiments with PEGdiepoxidediepoxide--treated GE AG RO Membranestreated GE AG RO Membranes

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diepoxidediepoxide treated GE AG RO Membranestreated GE AG RO Membranes

frac34 Stirred cell 50 psi

frac34 Pure water flux

frac34 PEG diepoxide-treatedmembranes (2 and 4 vol at40oC) have 4-5 times lower flux

than untreated membrane (0vol at room temp)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC

FTIRFTIR--ATR of PEG diepoxideATR of PEG diepoxide--treated ROtreated ROMembraneMembrane

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frac34 Spectrum 0 PEG diepoxidesolution spectrum minus 4 PEGdiepoxide solution spectrum (bothat 40oC)

ndash Increases at 2950 cm-1and 1100cm-1 indicate an increase inalkane and aliphatic ether content respectively due topresence of PEG diepoxide onthe membrane surface

ndash Decreases in the range from1400-1800 cm-1 indicatedecrease in either free aminesor carboxylic acid groups (bothgroups absorb in this region) -0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)

Chemical Attachment of PEGChemical Attachment of PEGC ti t RO S fC ti t RO S f

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Coatings to RO SurfacesCoatings to RO Surfaces

frac34Using coating machine to control filmthickness spread pre-polymerization

mixture on membrane surface then UVpolymerize to form hydrophilic surfacelayerndash Possible membranes

bull Original commercial RO membrane

bull Membrane with grafted methacryloyl chloridemolecules

CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl

Methacryloyl chloride

Methacryloyl Chloride Reaction with TerminalMethacryloyl Chloride Reaction with TerminalAmines of RO MembranesAmines of RO Membranes

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HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl

Grafting Methacryloyl ChlorideGrafting Methacryloyl Chloride

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frac34 FTIR subtractionspectrum of membrane in

solvent from membranesoaked in 25 wtsolution of methacryloylchloride for 20 hours

frac34 Decreases at 1650 and1100 cm-1 indicatereaction occurs probablywith free amines

-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)

Contact Angle ExperimentsContact Angle Experiments

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Rameacute-Hart NRL Contact AngleGoniometer ( Model 100)

frac34 Pendant drop measurements

frac34 Environmental chamber permits testing in water at

controlled temperaturefrac34 Measure equilibrium contact angle

OilWater FoulingOilWater Fouling DecaneDecane EmulsionEmulsion

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Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final

Permeate(ppm) 65 118

FinalRejection

995 994

1500 ppm by weight emulsion prepared with

9 parts decane to 1 part Dow Corning Fluid193 surfactant

AG RO membrane

(Lp = 28 plusmn 02 Lm2 hr bar)

dead-end filtration∆ p = 50 psig

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

W a t e r F l u x ( L

m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2

New Linking Chemistries to Access Libraries of New Linking Chemistries to Access Libraries of

Grafting ChemistriesGrafting Chemistries

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Grafting Chemistriesg

CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O

Reaction Conditions 25o

C dichloromethane (solvent)Koerner T et al Journal of Organic Chemistry 1999 64 196-201

Coulter Counter Measure of Emulsion StabilityCoulter Counter Measure of Emulsion Stability

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1500ppm 61 180s

Contact Angle Measurements Pendant DropContact Angle Measurements Pendant Drop

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Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle

Sample Holder Syringe Needle

Liquid 1 (Water)

Background on Contact AnglesBackground on Contact AnglesConvention is to measure angle through the aqueous phase

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Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900

Oil droplet has minimum

contact with surface ie

surface is hydrophilic

Water Angle gt900

Oil droplet has maximum


surface is hydrophobic

Convention is to measure angle through the aqueous phase

Water Angle = 1800 ndash Oil Angle

Effect of Concentration andEffect of Concentration andOilSurfactant Ratio onOilSurfactant Ratio on PolydispersityPolydispersity

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OilSurfactant Ratio onOilSurfactant Ratio on PolydispersityPolydispersity


Coulter Counter Measure of the Effect of Coulter Counter Measure of the Effect of Concentration on Size and DistributionConcentration on Size and Distribution

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Effect of Concentration andEffect of Concentration andOilSurfactant Ratio on SizeOilSurfactant Ratio on Size

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8222019 Oilfield Wh


Produced WaterProduced Water

1 Veil J A Puder M G Elcock D Redweik R J US DOE 2004 pp 3-10

frac34 Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production

frac34 Each barrel of oil produced generates 7-10 barrels of water 1

frac34 Composition depends on geographical location but primarycomponents of produced water often include

ndash Dispersed oils

ndash Soluble organics such as organic acids aromatic hydrocarbonsphenols andor volatiles

ndash Salt

ndash Treatment chemicals such as emulsion breakers corrosion

inhibitors and biocidesndash Produced solids such as clay sand silt and carbonates

ndash Metals

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





Large block tests



Case Studies

8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





Large block tests



Case Studies

8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





Large block tests



Case Studies

8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





Large block tests



Case Studies

8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh








ndash Crop watering






8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




frac34




modified membranes

8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh













8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



1500 ppm 15000 ppm

8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh






n

N d D

N

sdot=sumsum

4

3v

N d D

N d

sdot=

sdot

sum

sum

v

n

DPD

D=

8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




1 115 154

2 115 154

3 116 155



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh






8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




O

HCH2C

On

PEG diepoxide

Concentration ()


NaCl

Rejection

()

Permeance

(L(m2

h bar))

00 (not heated) 990 323

00 (60oC) 993 246

10 (60oC) 997 0664

20 (60oC) 994 0524

40 (60oC) 996 0514




8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh










(wwwdesalwatercom)

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

x y

C O

OH


8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



XPS Data(mol)

C 746plusmn12

N 104plusmn02

O 146plusmn10

C N

O

H

C N

O

H

NC N

O H

C

O

H

C O

NH

x y

C O

OH

Example and x+y =1


614

410

34

32

=+

+

= y x

y x

O

N



NH



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HCH2C

O

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

R

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH CH2 CH

OH

R


8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh









8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


pp gg




20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50


( o )



O

HCH2C

O

n



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004 wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)



h b a r ) )


075

08

085

09

095

1

-05 0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control


n=600 004

wt (XLE)

n=600 012 wt (XLE)





8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



98

985

99

995

100

0 05 1 15 2 25

XLE control

n=600 004wt (XLE)


n=600 012 wt (XLE)


( )




8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



PEG diepoxide

Concentration(vol)

Treatment

Temperature(oC)

Contact

Angle (o)

Flux

(L(m2 h))

Permeance

(L(m2 h bar))


0 40 59 plusmn 6 102 30

2 40 42 plusmn 3 28 081

4 40 39 plusmn 1 23 066


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u x

( L ( m 2 h ) )






∆p=50 psi


8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



0

5

10

15

20

25

40 60 80 100 120 140

P e r m e a


r )


Control

Coating

Graft


Decrease Flow

to 05 gpm

Add moreorganic

99

992

994

996

998

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


)


ControlGraft

Coated



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh










H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OCH3

n


H3C C

CH2

C

O

OCH2CH2 OHn


CCl

O

O OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

R CH CH2 R CH

CH2

O

Epoxides1

Isocyanates


O

N R

H

N C O

R O C

O

N R

H

N C O H2N+

R O C

O

N R

H

N C N

H O H


SummarySummary

8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


SummarySummary







8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


H2C CH

OCH2CH27

C

O

OH



Crosslinked PEO

C

C

OO

CC

CC

CC

PEOO

PEO

C

CO

PEO

OX

C

C

PEO

OXX

O

O

C

O

C

PEO

O

O

O

OC

CC

CC

C


H2C CH

OCH2CH213

C

O

C

O

CH

CH2O

H2C C

H

OCH2CH2

8

C

O

OCH3


C

OOH

H2C CH

C

O

OH



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100



( 0 )

P er c


e ( w t )


35

40

45

50

55

60

65

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100







8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



35

40

45

50

55

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100

Crosslinked PEGDA

W a t e r


( 0 ) W


t )








100 PEGDA coatings

100drymass


minus

=


8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


gg







membrane surface


8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


y y gy y g



frac34




treated membranes


8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





membranes




8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh










8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



QuestionsQuestions

CommentsComments


8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

W a t e r C


Water Uptake (wt)

PEGDA n=13

PEGDA n=10

5050 PEGDAPEGA


8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



Drawdown rod

Coating speed


8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh








8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


( L m 2 h r )


Coated Sample

Uncoated Sample




8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample Flux with

SurfactantA

Flux

after 2 hr Rinse

Flux with

SurfactantB

Flux after



PEGdiepoxide

(mwasymp200)50oC)

89 94 80 100





frac34




8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




N+

CH3

CH3

H3C

Br -

O

S

O

OHO


8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10

F l u

x ( L ( m 2 h ) )


0 vol room temp

0 vol 40oC

2 vol 40oC

4 vol 40oC


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





-001

-0005

0

0005

001

0015

500100015002000250030003500

A b

s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







CH2 C

CH3

C

O

Cl



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

HN NH C

O

C

O

C O

NH NH C

O

C O

OH

C

O

n

1-n

1-n

NH NH2

NH NH C

H2C C

CH3

C

O

Cl

O

C

CH3

CH2

HCl


8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





-0025

-002

-0015

-001

-0005

0

0005

001

5001000150020002500300035004000

A b s o r b a n c e

Wavenumber (cm-1

)


8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh







8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


Sample1

Sample2

Feed(ppm)

1020 1020

Retentate(ppm)

1322 2110

Final


FinalRejection

995 994



AG RO membrane



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600


m 2 h r )


Pure Water

Decane 1

Decane 2



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



CCl

O

O OH

Cl C

O

O

O

H

CCl

O

OH O




8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


1500ppm 61 180s


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


Liquid 2 (Decane)

SampleReportedAngle


Liquid 1 (Water)


8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh


Oil

Water

Water Angle lt900




Water Angle gt900







8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh





8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh




8222019 Oilfield Wh



8222019 Oilfield Wh



Oilfield Wh

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Transcript of Oilfield Wh