Oil Field Development Schemes

8/10/2019 Oil Field Development Schemes

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Development of Oil & Gas Fields

Tom Mangum, VetcoGraySenior Services Training Manager

Development Schemes (


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2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training

Offshore Field Development

Offshore fields are developped using :

Fixed platforms (steel or concrete) : > 90%

Floating platforms : < 10%

Surface and/or subsea wells

Comprehensive studies are necessary to select the most appropriate and costeffective field architecture (ref. to Field development process)

Main field architecture options :

Wells

Drilling mode

Platforms

Storage and export facilities


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Field Architecture Options (1)

Wells

Surface wells Single wells (mainly in shallow water) Multi-wells cluster

Subsea wells Satellite wells Multi-wells cluster

Combination surface + subsea wells Well profile

Vertical, deviated

Horizontal Extended reach Multi-drains

Selection depends on : Platform type : fixed or floating Reservoir geometry (extended, compact,

multi-layers, .) Artificial lift and well intervention

requirements

Costs

Extended reach well

Deviated well

Subsea satellite well


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Drilling mode (fixed platforms)

Max water

depth

Drilling deck

~ 110 m

Tender Drilling

Rig

Compact

Drilling Rig

Jack-up

Drilling Rig


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Platforms

Fixed Steel

Structure piled in the seabed Or, self elevated platform

(rare)

Concrete Floating Semi-submersible (associated with

subsea wells only) Tension Leg Platform TLP

(associated with surface or subsea

wells)

Selection depends mainly on : Water depth Type of wells (surface, subsea)

Environmental conditions (waves, wind,current)

Topsides equipment (weight, size) Construction strategy & constraints

(yard availability, ) Costs

Floating platforms

Fixed Steel

Platform

Fixed Concrete

Platform


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Onshore storage and loading

Tanker loading at jetty (case 1)

Tanker loading from floatingbuoy (case 2)

Offshore storage and loading

Floating storage + Tanker loading atbuoy (case 3)

Floating storage + tandem loading

(case 4)

Oil storage and loading

tanker

Production

Plant

Case 3

Floating

storage

tanker

Loadin

g buoy

Case 4

Case 2

Case 1

Floating

buoy

tanker

storage

ProductionPlant

storage

tanker


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Oil Storage And Loading (Examples)

Tankers loading at jetty (case 1)

Tanker

Oil Storage

Floating storage (cases 3 & 4)


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Conventional Development Scheme With Fixed Platforms

DP2

TCP2

TP1

QP

Frigg field (UK/Norway)

DP2

TP1

TCP2

DP1

QP

CDP1

Norway

UK

Wells

Wells

Gas

treatment

Gas treatment

&

compression

Living

quarters


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Oil processingFlare

Drilling

Living quarters

Oil storage

Mobile drilling rig (jack

up)


Ekofisk field (Norway)


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Elgin/Franklin field (UK)


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Subsea Development Scheme With Floating Platform

Buchan field (UK)

Shuttle tanker

4 wells template

Loading buoyExplorationwell

Production semi-

submersible

DRILL MASTER

2 Satellite wells

Risers

Development scheme

7 subsea wells (2 Satellites +

4 template + 1 explo

recovered)

Floating production platform Loading buoy

Operator : BP Location : North Sea UK

Water depth : 119 m

First Prod : 1981

Reserves : 200 MMBOE


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Mixed Development Scheme With Fixed Platforms

Gullfaks field satellites (Norway)

(Gullfaks South, Rimfaks, Gullveig) Gullfaks A

Operator : Statoil

Location : North Sea Norway Water depth : 315 345 m Discovery : 1979 Sanction : 1996

Development scheme :

Subsea wells tiedback toexisting subsea platformGullfaks A

8 subsea templates, 31 slots Prod capacity : 125 000 b/d


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Subsea Development Scheme With Floating Platforms

Troll C

Troll B

Operator : Norsk Hydro

Location : North Sea Norway

Discovery : 1979

Water depth : 315 345 m

TROLL B

Oil & gas provinces First oil : 9/1995

21 subsea oil producers

24 subsea gas producers

Oil production : 270 000

b/d Semi-sub production unit

TROLL C

Gas province

First gas : 1999

Prod capacity :

Oil : 190 000 b/dGas : 9 Mm3/d

Semi-sub production unit

Troll West field (Norway)


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Platform Functions

Offshore platforms are used for differentfunctions :

Development drilling

Fluids processing

Water, gaz injection

Utilities

Functions can be :

Split (one platform = one function )

Integrated (one platform = several functions )

Living quarters

Flare

Storage

Field examples

ProcessingFlare

Drilling

Living

quarters

Oil

storage

Mobile drilling rig

(jack up)

Split

Integrated

Integrated


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Fixed Platform Concepts

Two main concepts of fixed platform

Gravity based platforms

Platform stability is provided by onecompartment, filled with sand, locatedat the base

Concept used for concrete platforms Very limited number of applications :

less than 30 out of 20 000 platformsworlwide

Tubular steel frame platforms Structure (Jacket) piled in the seabed Deck(s) supported by the piles

Specific concepts Self installed platform Recent design, few applications so far


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Fixed Steel Platform : Vocabulary

Lifted deck

Boat landing

Cut piledafter setting

Jacket

Anodes

Seabed

Pile anchored

In seabed

Sea level

Horizontal brace

Barge bumper

Conductor area

Deck

Jacket

Bracing stub

Vertical diagonal

Jacket leg can

Jacket walkwayHorizontal diagonal

Boat landing

Jacket leg

PILE

SKIRT PILE

LAUNCH TRUSS

Launch runner

Skirt pile sleeve


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Types Of Riser

Side View

Top View

Riser : vertical section of sealine between seabed and surface


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Platform Loads

Wind

Waves

Current (surface)

Tide

Totalweight

Topsides load

Water depth

Environ. conditions

Weights

Lower deck

Drill ing Rig

Area

Storm gap

Example

Upper deck

+ Marine Growth, Corrosion


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Installation And Transport Loads

Transport

!

Lifting

!

Launch stresses may controldesign of some structural

members

Launching

!


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Piling

F wind

F wave +current

Piles

Forces on piles at

seabed level

Soil reactions

SoilSoilSoil

WaterWaterWater

Classical

pile

Insert pile Skirt pile

Different types of pileForces

The insert pile allows to increase the driving

depth

The skirt pile allows to reduce the diameter

of the jacket legs


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Pile Installation

Drillpipe

Drilled hole

Drill bit

Jacket leg

Drilling rig

Drillingplatform

Cementedpile

Soil

Installation barge

Mainbattered pile

Main

battered pile

Drilling

Subsea

hammer

Skirt pile

Installation barge

Hammering

Barge

SubseaHammer

Skirtpile


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Pile Driving

Piles

Pile Driving Operation

Hammers


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Pile Driving

Pile Drive Hammer

Pile Driving Operation


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Installation Of Jacket By Launching Installation Of Self-floating Jacket

Jacket Installation

Installation of jacket by lifting

Vertical Lift Horizontal Lift


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M d l S F (MSF)


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Module Support Frame (MSF)

Jacket piles

MSF : Interface structure between jacket and topsides equipment

D illi Pl tf T id


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Drilling Platform Topsides

P d ti Pl tf T id


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Production Platform Topsides

Topsides Drilling & Production Platform


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Topsides Drilling & Production Platform

DRILLING DECK & MAIN

RIG

1. Export pipeline

2.Mud mat3. Skirt pile sleeve

4.Skirt pile

5. Anodes6. Conductors

7. Export riser

8. Jacket leg

9. Barge bumper

10.Boat landing

11.Riser guard12.Motor control center &

switchgear control building13.Escape capsule

14.Living quarters

15.Helicopter pad

16.Bulk storage

17.Mud pump package

18.Derrick

19.Flare boom20.Lift gas compression

PRODUCTION DECK

21. Water injection pump

22. Generator23. Deaerator

24. Waste heat recovery unit

25. Firewall26. Diesel storage

27. Wellheads28. Chemical injection skid

29. Production manifold

30. Production separator

31. Crude oi l heater32. Test & cleanup separator

33. Injection gas compressor

CELLAR DECK

34. Potable water storage

35. Emergency generator

36. Water injection charge pump

37. Media filter

38. Cooling water cooler

Cooling water surge drum

Cooling water pumps39. Air compressor

40. Sea water pumps

41. Gas lift & water injection manifold

42. Fire water pump

43. Crude oil cooler

44. Crude oi l pipeline pump

45. Electrostatic treater

46. Inlet dehydration filter separatorGlycol contactor

Outlet dehydration filter separator

47. Production water treating48. Glycol regenerator

49. Slug catcher

50. Plated deck

51. Flare scrubber

Concrete Platforms


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Concrete Platforms

BERYL A

118 m

1975

Drill & Prod

40

150 000

0.9

28 000

BRENT B

140

75

Drill & Prod

38

160 000

1.0

24 000

FRIGG TCP2

104

77

Gas treatment

-

-

-

21 000

BRENT D

140

76

Drill & Prod

48

160 000

1.2

24 000

STATFJORD A

145

77

Drill & Prod

42

300 000

1.3

50 000

STATFJORD B

145

81

Drill & Prod

42

180 000

1.9

50 000

STATFJORD C

145

84

Drill & Prod

42

200 000

2.0

50 000

Water depth (m)

Year installed

Function

Nb well slots

Peak production (bopd)

Storage capacity (Mb)

Max deck weight (tons)

Concrete platforms are gravity based

Their use has been limited essentially to the North Sea & North Atlantic(Canada)

They are used for very large fields in severe environment necessitating

heavy topsides equipment

They also provide large oil storage capacity at the base

First concrete platforms

Concrete Platform Concepts


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Concrete Platform Concepts

MultipodMonopod

The Different Types Of Sealines


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The Different Types Of Sealines

Flowlines

Transport the fluids from the wells, located on a surface wellheadplatform or on the seabed, to the production platform

Generally small diameter (4 to 12) and short length ( up to ~10 km )

Pipelines (or trunk lines) Transport the fluid from the production platform to the export terminal

(onshore of offshore) for loading oil tankers or to the gas utilizationcenter (LNG plant, power plant,)

Generally large diameter ( up to 36) and long length (several hundredsof km)

Loading lines

Transport the fluid from the storage facility to a nearby loading facility

(buoy or other)

Generally large diameter (20 to 40)

Sealine : General Description


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Sealine : General Description

A sealine generally consits in :

A steel pipe

An anti-corrosion protection (coating)

An external concrete layer to provide mechanical protection andweight

Pipe characteristics :

Steel grade : X + (ex. : X65)

External diameter OD (ex. : 32)

Wall Thickness WT ( 0.75)

Chemical composition

Resilience

Dimensional tolerances

Steel pipe

Concrete layer

(1 to 5 thick)

Anti-corrosion coating

WTOD

Sealine Installation Method (Logigram)


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Sealine Installation Method (Logigram)

Pipe Welding

Offshore Onshore

Pipe preparation in standard lenght :

12 m joints 24 m double joints

Transport to site : Supply vessel Barge

Welding and laying : Barge 1st generation Barge 2nd generation Barge 3rd generation

Conventional S lay

Shallow water< 200 m

J laywater depth

> 200 m

Pipe preparation in long sections (up to

several km)Transport to site :

Surface tow (with buoyancy modules) Bottom tow Spooled (small diameter, short

lenght)

A few connections toperform offshore

S-lay And J-lay Methods


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S lay And J lay Methods

S-lay J-lay

Pipe Lay Barges


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Pipe Lay Barges

Brown & Root Semac 1

Allseas Lorelay Stena Apache

Sapem Castoro Sei

Oil Field Development Schemes

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