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    Systems Overview

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    Monitoring and Surveillance

    Real-time measurements from permanent-monitoring sensors help identify, diagnose and

    act to mitigate production problems

    analysis for production optimization andimproves the accuracy of the productionallocation

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    Surveillance

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    Why Monitoring?

    Update reservoir model

    Transient testing

    Optimise gaslift, stimulation / fracture operations

    Monitor water or gas entry

    Reduce intervention

    Enable determination of downhole flow rate

    Real time observation and control Determine contribution per zone or well

    Interference testing during planned shut ins

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    What is RMC

    It provides technologies for monitoring and controllingreservoir(s) performance throughout its life-cycle with aminimum of intervention

    It allows for production from, or injection into, multiplereservoirs or zones throu h a sin le wellbore

    This type of completion is often referred to as anIntelligent Completion .

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    Reservoir Monitoring and Control

    Reservoir

    Update

    No place to hide hydrocarbons (*)

    OptimizationModel

    Control Monitor

    (*) Smart Wells Forum, SPE-France, Sept.01

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    Components of Optimization Loop

    D a t a A c q u

    i s i t i o n

    D a t a

    M a n a g e m e n

    t

    D e c

    i s i o n

    M a

    k i n g

    Surface AcquisitionUnit

    S e n s o r s

    Surface Control Unit

    C o n

    t r o

    l

    V a

    l v e s

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    Reservoir Monitoring Equipment

    Production Sensors

    Pressure / Temperaturegauges

    Reservoir Sensors

    Resistivity or Inductive Arrays

    Behind casin ressure

    FloWatcherGradiomanometer

    Sensa Fiber Optics

    sensors

    Geophones

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    Flow Network: Illustration for Gas Lift Well

    Com ressor 1

    Separator

    Wing &Master ValveController or

    Casing Choke

    FlowlineChoke

    Lift-gas Production

    34

    5

    1112

    131514

    10

    16

    2120

    2225 2726

    Compressor 2

    Compressor 3

    Perforations

    Tubing

    Casing

    To Well

    From Well

    From Well

    To Well

    21

    2423

    GasHeader

    ProductionHeader

    Gas Lift Valve

    Packer

    ValveChokeMeasurement # 1

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    Flow Network: Illustration of Measurement List1 Bottom hole pressure Well (Subsurface)2 Bottom hole temperature Well (Subsurface)3 Flowing tubing head pressure Well (Surface)4 Annulus pressure Well (Surface)5 Lift gas pressure (CHP) Well (Surface)6 SSSV status Well (Surface)7 SSV status Well (Surface)8 Chemical injection flow (Injection gas) Well (Surface)9 Chemical injection (Injection gas) ppm N/A10 Lift gas control valve percent open Well (Surface)11 Lift gas rate setpoint N/A12 Lift gas pressure (upstream of meter) Well (Surface)

    14 Lift gas meter temperature (upstream of control valve) Well (Surface)15 Lift gas flow rate N/A16 Lift gas temperature n/a17 Chemical injection flow (Production) Well (Surface)18 Chemical injection (Production) ppm N/A19 Sand detection Well (Flow line)20 Flow line pressure differentual Well (Flow line)21 Flow line pressure Well (Flow line)22 Flow line temperature Well (Flow line)23 Bulk lift gas temperature Injection Manifold24 Bulk lift gas pressure Injection Manifold25 Total gas production rate N/A26 Water production rate N/A

    27 Net oil production rate N/A

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    Behind Casing Reservoir Sensors

    Common characteristics Sensor are in direct contact with the reservoir,

    installed outside the casing Installed in the well or dedicated observation

    well

    Sensor types Pressure - Reservoir pressure monitoring Resistivity electrodes - Water saturation

    monitoring Geophones - Gas saturation monitoring

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    Eliminates uncertainty from extrapolating reservoir pressure from a tubing gauge

    Stops fluid segregation in the completion from effecting pressure transients

    Allows monitoring of shallower reservoirs by wells with deeper completions

    Allows direct measurement of P

    reservoir pressure if casing is not perforated Allows monitoring of individual reservoir pressures in a stacked reservoir

    Allows monitoring of the pressure drop across the completion

    Behind Casing Pressure Sensors

    Pressure SensorsInjection Well

    Determining fluid frontinterface locations by thedifference in their mobilityusing time lapse pressuretransient analysis

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    End of the Course

    Thank You