Oil Analysis guide and sampling procedure.pdf

8/10/2019 Oil Analysis guide and sampling procedure.pdf

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Oil Analysis Technical GuideThe next generation in oil analysis exclusively from

ConocoPhillips Lubricants

Lubricants


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1

Table of Contents

2

Laboratories

3

Introduction

4

Viscosity

6

Water/Coolant Contamination

7Fuel Dilution

8

Solids

9

Fuel Soot

10

Oxidation11

Nitration

12

Total Acid Number (TAN)

13

Total Base Number (TBN)

14

Particle Count

16/17

Wear Metals/Elemental Analysis

18Infrared Analysis

19/20

Typical Paper Analysis Test Report

21

Quality Equipment Oil AnalysisProgram

22/23Oil Sampling Procedures

ConocoPhillips Lubricants600 N. Dairy Ashford

2W-9000Houston, TX 77079http://lubricants.conocophillips.com

AnalysisPlusSupportBasic Testing: Lab One 866-652-2663Premium Testing: POLARIS Laboratories 866-341-4396

Staveley Services 877-645-5221

Technical Services Hotline1-800-766-0050

Customer Service Center1-800-640-1956 Monday-Friday, 7:30 a.m-5:00 p.m. C.S.T.


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Staveley

Staveley

Staveley

Staveley

Staveley

Staveley

Staveley

Staveley P

olaris

Polaris

Polaris

LabO

ne

AnalysisPlusParticipating Laboratory Locations

Customer Selects LaboratoryCompany and Location


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Oil analysis is a series of laboratory

tests used to evaluate the condition oflubricants and equipment components.By studying the results of the oil analysis

tests, a determination ofequipment/component condition canbe made. Primarily, this is possiblebecause of the cause- and-effectrelationship of the condition of thelubricant to the condition of the

component sampled. Many of thesecause-and-effect situations are outlinedin this manual.

Oil performs several vital functionswith many of them being interrelated.The ability of the oil to perform asdesigned can be determined by oilanalysis. Following is a list of someprimary lubricant functions that can beevaluated:

Friction control Corrosion controlContaminant control Shock controlHydraulic pressure Wear controlTemperature control Sealing function

The inspection or analysis oflubricating oil has been used to check

and evaluate the internal condition ofoil-lubricated equipment since thebeginning of the industrial age. Earlymethods included smelling the oil todetect the sour odor of excess acidity,rubbing it between finger tips to checklubricity, and observing its color andclarity for signs of contamination.

Today, oil analysis programsuse modern technology andlaboratory instruments to determineequipment condition and lubricant

How does the AnalysisPlus

Program work?

The program is based on fourcomponents:

Take oil samples from sumps orreservoirs of equipment at specificintervals;

Mail the oil samples to thelaboratory, where a series of testsare performed;

Test results are then evaluated todetermine the condition of theequipment;

Test results and recommendations

are provided to your maintenancepersonnel. This information is used tomonitor equipment condition and toassist in controlling operating costs.

How to get the most fromyourAnalysisPlusProgram?

This manual has been developed toassist in increasing your knowledge ofoil analysis. Explanations of routine

tests are provided together with cause-and-effect troubleshooting charts andrecommended solutions to problems.Use this information to get the mostbenefit from the program.

serviceability. Oil analysis uses state of

the art equipment and techniques toprovide the user with invaluableinformation leading to greaterequipment reliability.

Introduction


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4

Viscosity is one of the most

important properties of lubricating oil.Viscosity is a measurement ofresistance to flow at a specific

temperature in relation to time. Thetwo most common temperatures forlubricating oil viscosity are 40C and100C. Viscosity is normally evaluatedwith a kinematic method and reportedin centistokes (cSt). In used oil analysis,

the used oils viscosity is compared tothat of the new oil to determinewhether excessive thinning or

thickening has occurred.Viscosity Index (VI) is the change in

flow rate of a lubricant with respect totemperature. Oil with a high VI resiststhinning at high temperatures. Use ofhigh VI oil is recommended in enginesand other systems that operate atelevated temperatures.

Cause

Effect

Solution

Low Viscosity Engine overheating Poor lubrication Metal-to-metal

contact Increased operating

costs

Evaluate equipmentuse vs. design

Evaluate operatingconditions

Use trainedoperators

Change oil andfilters

Check for loosefuel crossover lines

Viscosity

Check air-to-fuel ratio Check for incorrect

oil grade Inspect internal seals Check operating

temperature Check with lube

supplier for advice Check for leaking

injectors

High Viscosity Increased operating

costsEngine overheating Restricted oil flow Accelerated wear Oil filter by-passed Harmful

deposits/sludge

High Viscosity Contamination soot/

solids Incomplete

combustion-A/F ratio Oxidation degradation Leaking head gaskets

Extended oil draininterval High operating

temperature Improper oil grade

Low Viscosity Additive shear Fuel dilution Improper oil grade


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5

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

15

32

22

46

68

100

150

220

320

460

680

1500

90

190

140

110

85

80

250

10 000

8000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1500

1000

800

600

500

400

300

200

150

100

80

60

50

40

35

32

70

300

200

100

90

80

70

60

55

50

45

2000

1000

800

600

500

400

300

200

80

100

60

50

40

30

20

10

6

8

5

4

3

2

KINEMATIC

VISCOSITIES

SAYBOLT

VISCOSITIES

cSt/

40C

cSt/

100C

SUS/

100F

SUS/

210F

8A

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

AGMA

GRADES

SAE GRADES

GEAR OILS

10

7

5

3

2

1000

40

SAE GRADES

CRANKCASE

OILS

ISO

VISCOSITY

GRADE

60

50

40

30

20

10W

Viscosities can be related horizontally only.

Viscosities based on 96 VI single grade oils.

ISO andAGMA Grades are specified at 40C.

Kinematic viscosities are shown at 40C and100C in cSt and equivalent viscosities at 100Fand 210F in SUS.

0W/5W

Rule-of-Thumb:The comparable ISO grade of a given product whose viscosity is greater than

100 SUS at 100F if known can be determined by using the following conversion formula:

SUS @ 100F 5 = cSt @ 40C

Viscosity Grading Systems

http://lubricants.conocophillips.com

U.S. Technical Services Hotline: 1-800-766-0050

Copyright 2006 ConocoPhillips Company, Phillips 66, Conoco, 76 and Kendall logos are registered trademarks of ConocoPhillips Company in the U.S.and other countries.


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The presence of water in engines

indicates contamination from outsidesources, from condensation ofmoisture in the atmosphere, or frominternal coolant leaks. Water is typicallyevaporated by engines at normaloperating temperatures. However,water may remain in the oil whenengine temperatures are too low forevaporation to occur. Other types of

equipment, when operated at sufficienttemperatures, also tend to evaporatecontaminating water.

Oil analysis offers an effectivemethod of recognizing water/coolantcontamination before a major problemoccurs. Infrared analysis is used todetermine water content in used oil.Results are reported in percentvolume. The Karl Fischer method isused to measure water in systems thatare sensitive to low moisture content.Karl Fischer results are reported inppm.

Water/CoolantContamination

Cause

Effect

Solution

Low operating temperatureDefective sealsNew oil contaminationCoolant leak Improper storageCracked head Weather/moisture

Product of combustionOil cooler leak

Engine failureHigh viscosityPoor lubricationCorrosionEngine overheatingAcid formationWeld spots

Reduced additive effectiveness

Tighten head boltsCheck head gaskets Inspect for cracked headInspect heat exchanger and

oil coolers Evaluate operating conditions

Evaluate equipment use vs. designAvoid intermittent useCheck for external water/moisture

sourcesChange oil filter


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Fuel dilution of crankcase oil by

unburned fuel reduces lubricanteffectiveness. The thinning of thelubricant can lead to decreased lubefilm strength adding to the risk ofabnormal wear. Depending on certainvariables, when fuel dilution ofcrankcase oil exceeds 2.5 to 5%,corrective action should be taken.Fuel dilution is measured by gas

chromatography. The results arereported in percent volume.

Fuel Dilution

Cause

Effect

Solution

Incorrect air/fuel ratio Extended idling Stop-and-go driving Defective injectors Inoperative carburetor choke Incomplete combustion Incorrect timing

Metal-to-metal contactPoor lubrication; oil thinningIncreased overall wearPiston ring wear

Decreased additive effectivenessRisk of fire or explosionReduced fuel economyDecreased oil pressureReduced engine performanceHigh operating costShortened engine life

Check fuel lines, worn pistonrings, leaking injectors/seals,pumps

Analyze driving/operatingconditions

Check spark timingAvoid prolonged idlingChange oil and filter more

frequentlyEvaluate equipment and use

vs. designCheck fuel qualityRepair/replace worn parts


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Solids represent a measurement of

all solid and solid-like constituents inthe lubricant. The makeup of solidsdepends on the system. In dieselengines, fuel soot is usually the majorconstituent measured. In non-dieselcomponents, wear debris and oiloxidation products are measured. Allsolid material is measured andreported as a percentage of sample

volume or weight.

Solids

Cause

Effect

Solution

Extended oil drain intervalEnvironmental debrisWear debrisOxidation by-productsFilter leaking or dirtyFuel soot

Shorter engine lifeFilter pluggingPoor lubrication Engine deposits

Sludge formation Accelerated wearDecreased oil flowLacquer build-up

Drain oil, flush systemEliminate source of environmental

debrisEvaluate equipment use vs. design Evaluate operating conditionsReduce oil drain intervalsChange filter


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Fuel soot is composed of carbonand is always found in diesel engine oil.Laboratory testing is used todetermine the quantity of fuel soot inused oil samples. Stringent exhaustemission regulations have placedgreater emphasis on fuel soot levels.One of the most significant impacts ofreduced emissions is control ofparticulate emissions, which resulted in

greater soot levels in the crankcase.The fuel soot level is a good indicatorof engine combustion efficiency andshould be monitored on a regularbasis for possible maintenance action.

Fuel Soot

Cause

Effect

Solution

Improper air/fuel ratioImproper injector spray patternPoor quality fuel Incomplete combustionClogged air induction Defective injectors Improper equipment operation

Low compressionWorn piston/rings

Poor engine performance

Harmful deposits or sludge Increased wear Shortened oil life Lacquer formationClogged oil filters

Ensure fuel injectors are workingproperly

Change oil Evaluate oil drain intervals Check compressionAvoid excessive idlingCheck fuel quality


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Lubricating oil in engines and other

components combines with availableoxygen under certain conditions toform harmful by-products. Heat,pressure, and catalyst materialsaccelerate the oxidation process. By-products of oxidation form lacquerdeposits, corrode metal parts, and

thicken oil beyond its ability tolubricate. Most lubricants contain

additives that inhibit or retard theoxidation process.

Differential infrared analysis offers theonly direct means of measuring thelevel of oxidation in oil. Note: A new oilreference is required for accuratemeasurement of oxidation. Results arereported on an absorbance scale.

Oxidation

Cause

Effect

SolutionHC + O2 =

OverheatingExtended oil drain intervalImproper oil type/inhibitor additivesCombustion by-products/blow-by

Shortened equipment life Lacquer depositsOil filter pluggingIncreased oil viscosityCorrosion of metal partsIncreased operating costs

Increased overall wearDecreased engine performance

Use oil with oxidation inhibitor

additivesShorten oil drain intervalsCheck operating temperatureEvaluate equipment use vs. design Evaluate operating conditions


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Nitration products are formed

during the fuel combustion processwhen combustion by-products enterthe engine oil during normal operationor as a result of abnormal blow-bypast the compression rings. Theseproducts, which are more common inoils used to lubricate natural gas- andpropane- fueled engines, are highlyacidic, create deposits, and accelerate

oil oxidation. Infrared analysisrepresents the only method ofaccurately measuring nitration productsin oil. Results are reported on anabsorbance scale.

Nitration

Cause

Effect

Solution

NOx N2O

Improper crankcase scavengeLow operating temperatureDefective sealsImproper air/fuel ratioAbnormal blow-by

Increase operating temperatureCheck crankcase venting hoses and

valvesEnsure proper air/fuel mixturePerform compression check or

cylinder leak-down test

Accelerated oxidationNitrous oxides introduced into

environment Acidic by-products formedIncreased cylinder and valve train

wearOil thickening Combustion chamber deposits Increased acid no.


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The total acid number is the quantity

of acid or acid-like constituents in thelubricant. An increase in TAN from thatof the new lubricant should bemonitored. The TAN of a new oil is notnecessarily zero since oil additives canbe acidic in nature. Increases in TANusually indicate lube oxidation orcontamination with water or an acidicproduct. TAN is an indicator of oil

serviceability.

Total Acid Number(TAN)

Cause

Effect

Solution

High-sulfur fuelOverheatingExcessive blow-byExtended oil drain interval Improper oil type

Corrosion of metallic componentsPromotes oxidationOil degradationOil thickening Additive depletion

Shorter oil drain intervals Verify correct oil type in serviceCheck for overheating

Check fuel quality


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The total base number is an

expression of the amount of alkalineadditives in the lubricant that arecapable of neutralizing the acidproducts of combustion.

A new oil starts with the highestTBN it will possess. During the time

the lubricant is in service, the TBNdecreases as the alkaline additivesneutralize acids. TBN is an essential

element in the establishment of oildrain intervals since it indicateswhether the additives are still capableof providing sufficient engineprotection.

Most diesel engine manufacturersrequire the oil drained when its TBNreaches one-half or one-third itsoriginal value.

Cause

Effect

Solution

Total Base Number(TBN)

High-sulfur fuelOverheatingExtended oil drain interval Improper oil type

Increased acid no.Oil degradation Increased wearCorrosion of metal partsAcid build-up in oil

Use low-sulfur fuel Follow manufacturers

recommendations for oil draininterval, and decrease if engine is

operated under severe conditionsVerify TBN of new product/use

correct oil typeChange oil/top off with fresh oil Test fuel quality


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Particle Count

Fluid cleanliness is critical in hydraulic

and other systems where high fluidpressure and velocity are involved.Excessive fluid particulatecontamination is a major cause offailure of hydraulic pumps, motors,valves, pressure regulators, and fluidcontrols. Failure due to excessiveparticulate contamination is normallysegregated into three areas:

Performance degradation Intermittent failureCatastrophic failure

Particle count measurements allowthe user to monitor hydraulic systemcontamination levels on a scheduled

basis. Scheduled analysis of hydraulicfluid to include particle count isrecommended by most equipment andhydraulic component manufacturers.

Cause

Effect

Solution

Water contaminationMachining burrsFilling techniquesOil oxidationContaminated new oil Worn wiper sealsSystem generated debris

Built in contamination Defective breather

Performance degradation

Intermittent failureWearPluggingLeakagePressure overshoot Momentary hesitationSystem failure

Filter new oil Change hydraulic fluid Inspect/replace filtersCheck particle sizesSystem flushing at high pressure

Check air breatherEvaluate equipment vs. design Evaluate operating conditionsEvaluate for proper service

techniques


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15

30 5,000,000 10,000,000

29 2,500,000 5,000,000

28 1,300,000 2,500,000

27 640,000 1,300,000

26 320,000 640,00025 160,000 320,000

24 80,000 160,000

23 40,000 80,000

22 20,000 40,000

21 10,000 20,000

20 5,000 10,000

19 2,500 5,000

18 1,300 2,500

17 840 1,300

16 320 840

15 160 320

14 80 160

13 40 80

12 20 40

11 10 20

10 5 10

9 2.5 5

8 1.3 2.5

7 0.64 1.3

6 0.32 0.64

NUMBER OF PARTICLES PER ML

UP TO AND INCLUDING

NUMBER OF PARTICLES PER ML

GREATER THAN

RANGE

NUMBER

The ISO 4406:1999 Cleanliness Codereferences the number of particles greater than 4, 6, and

14 microns in each milliliter of fluid. A corresponding cleanliness code, such as 18/15/13, is then

given to the fluid. For particle concentration that fall between two adjacent particle concentration,

the higher range is used.

ISO 4406:1999 Particle Concentration

and Range Number


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Wear Metals/Elemental Analysis

Elemental analysis is used to evaluate and quantify wear metal elements, additiveelements and contamination elements. Wear metals are analyzed to pinpointproblem areas through trend analysis. By analyzing the additive elements, the oil

type can be verified, i.e., hydraulic oil, transmission fluid, or engine oil.Contamination elements are reviewed to determine lubricant serviceability and topinpoint causes of problems indicated by other test results.

Following are the sources of the elements analyzed and their function in acomponent:

Element Source FunctionIron (Fe) Engine blocks, Gears, Rings,

Bearings, Cylinder Walls,Cylinder Heads, Rust

Because of its strength, iron is the base metal of steel inmany parts of the engine. Since iron will rust, it isalloyed with other metals (i.e., Cr, Al, Ni) making steel.

Chromium(Cr)

Shafts, Rings, ChromateFrom Cooling System

Because of its strength and hardness, Chromium is used to platerings and shafts that are usually mated with steel (softer).Chromium is also alloyed with iron (steel) for strength.

Aluminum

(Al)

Bushings, Some Bearings,

Pistons, Turbocharger,Compressor Wheels

Aluminum is a strong light-weight metal (smaller mass)

that dissipates heat well and aids in heat transfer.

Copper (Cu) Bearings, Bushings, OilCoolers, Radiators

Copper is utilized to wear first in order to protect othercomponents. Copper conforms well so it is used to seatbearings to the crankshaft.

Lead (Pb) Bearing Overlay, LeadedGasoline Contamination

Lead is a conforming material used to plate bearings.Lead will appear in new engines while the bearings aremelding and conforming. If lead appears later,misalignment may be indicated.

Nickel (Ni) Valve Stems, Valve Guides,Ring Inserts on Pistons

Nickel is alloyed with iron in high strength steel used tomake valve stems and guides.

Silver (Ag) Bearing Cages (anti-frictionbearings), Silver Solder,Turbocharger bearings andwrist pin bushings.

Silver is used to plate some components because itconforms well, dissipates heat and reduces coefficient offriction.

Tin (Sn) Bearings, Pistons Tin is a conforming material used to plate and protectsurfaces to facilitate break-in.

Molybdenum(Mo)

Piston rings, oiladditives

Molybdenum is used as an alloy in some piston rings in theplace of Chromium. Molybdenum is also used as a friction-reducing additive in some oils. Soluble Mo can be used asan antioxidant additive.


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Element FunctionZinc (ZN) AW, EP, Antioxidant

Phosphorus(P)

AW, EP, AntioxidantPhosphorus is added to extreme pressure oils to provide a protective film. EP oilsare characterized by high phosphorus and sulfur levels.

Barium (Ba) DetergentBarium is toxic and expensive but it is advantageous because it does not leaveexcessive ash residue.

Alkaline (base) additives used to neutralize acids formed by products of combustionin engine oils. They also have some detergent qualities and corrosion inhibition.

InhibitorBoron is also found as an additive in coolant as borate.

Copper (Cu) AntioxidantCopper is added to engine oils to prevent oxidation.

Contaminant Elements

Element Cause

Sodium (Na) External Contamination, Coolant leak, salt in the air.

Silicon (Si) External (dirt), Additive, SealantsSilicon can be an antifoam additive and from gasket material in the formof silicone.

Potassium (K) Coolant leakPotassium is a coolant additive, and its presence in oil is indicative of coolantcontamination.

Sodium (Na),Calcium (Ca) andMagnesium (Mg)

Boron (B)

Additive Elements

TermsDetergent-Additive which keeps the engine clean at high operating temperature.Dispersant-Additivewhich keeps debris in suspension in the oil, controls depositsat moderate temperature.

Anti-wear (AW)-Additivewhich provides a protective film.Extreme Pressure (EP)-Additive which provides a protective film in high-pressureareas.


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Infrared Analysis

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR or FTIR) is a technique that is very usefulfor: identifying oil and foreign-body contamination, identifying additive concentrationsor depletions, and identifying oil degradation reactions. The technique is based on

the principle that infrared light is absorbed in very specific ways by different

structures in organic molecules. Therefore, the IR instrument is capable of detectingand identifying specific molecule-structures even in a mixture as complicated as usedlubricating oil!

Although the actual science behind infrared Spectroscopy analysis is quitecomplicated (see above for typical FTIR output graph!), our lubricant customers canrely on their oil analysis reports to tell them all they need to know about thecondition of their oil. Therefore, using the IR method, along with appropriate

reference materials and target levels based on years of experience, the oil analystis able to provide easy-to-read summary comments on the oil condition in thefollowing areas: oil oxidation, oil nitration, water/antifreeze contamination, fueldilution, soot contamination, and oil cross-contamination.


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Typical Paper Analysis Test Report

The success of your equipment oil analysis program is directly dependent on the

information provided on this report PLUS your use of the information. Reports canbe distributed to you by mail, personal computer or fax. Understanding and usingthe information provided on the test report is the key to an effective oil analysis testprogram.

Below is an example of the type of information provided in the typical analysistest report.


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Comments. The laboratory makes acomment on every sample processed. Commentsare made in easily understood, concise, laymansterms. Comments include:a. A diagnosis of machine condition based

on oil analysis.b. Corrective maintenance recommendations

when necessary.c. Subsequent oil sample interval recom-

mendations. For example: Resample at

scheduled interval, resample at one-halfscheduled interval, resample as soon aspossible. Maintenance feedback of the resultsof lab recommendations is also listed in theComments section.

Oil Analysis Data. This table containsthe results of up to 6 consecutive oil samples forcomparison

Physical Data. Changes in the physicalqualities of the lubricant are determined and

evaluated. These changes and the presence ofcontaminants affecting the properties of lubricantshave a direct bearing on its serviceability. Problemswith the physical properties may affect the valuesdetected in the Elemental Concentrations.

Elemental Concentrations. Theseare measurements in Parts Per Million (PPM) of the

major elements studied to determine equipmentserviceability. Those elements consist of three maingroups: Wear Metals, Contaminants and Additives.Conditions above normal are coded B, C, D basedon severity.

DO NOT HOLD SAMPLES. MAIL SAMPLES

THE SAME DAY THEY ARE TAKEN.

Sample Information. This is

background information provided by the customeron each sample submitted for analysis. SampleDate indicates the date the oil sample wasextracted from the machine. HOURS ON OIL isthe number of service miles or hours accumulatedon the lubricating oil.

Unit Information. This section lists the

identification or serial number of the unit sampled.The name of the company that owns/operates theunit and the units geographic location areprovided. The equipment manufacturer, model, oilcapacity and oil type are also listed here. Unitinformation is supplied by the customer.

Typical Paper Analysis Test Report (continued)


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Quality EquipmentOil Analysis Program

Machine Type

Diesel enginesGasoline enginesTransmissionsGears, Differentials,Final drivesHydraulics

Recommended Sampling

Frequency150 hours, 10,000 miles3,000 to 5,000 miles300 hours, 20,000 miles300 hours, 20,000 miles

300 hours, 20,000 miles

Aviation Reciprocating enginesTurbinesGearboxesHydraulics

25-50 hours100 hours100-200 hours100-200 hours

Industrial &Marine

Manufacturing, Processing,Power generation, Natural gasdistribution, Oil & gasexploration, Marine equipment

Diesel enginesNatural gas engines

Gas turbinesSteam turbinesAir, gas compressorsRefrigeration compressorsGears, bearingsHydraulics

Normal useMonthly, 500 hoursMonthly, 500 hours

Monthly, 500 hoursBi-monthlyMonthly, 500 hoursBeginning, Midpoint & end of seasonBi-monthlyBi-monthly

Intermittent useQuarterlyQuarterly

QuarterlyQuarterlyQuarterly

QuarterlyQuarterly

Industry

Off Highway &GroundTransportation

Mining, Construction,Agriculture, Buslines,Railroads, Forestry,Automobiles

Oil Analysis Via the Internet

AnalysisPlus Support

Basic Testing: Lab One 866-652-2663

Premium Testing: POLARIS Laboratories 866-341-4396

Staveley Services 877-645-5221

Note: General recommendation consult OEM and lubricant manufacturer for specific recommendations.


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22

To properly evaluate machine

conditions, the oil samples submittedfor analysis must be representative ofthe system from which they are taken.For best results, follow theseguidelines:1. The machine being sampled should

be brought to normal operatingtemperature. Oil should berecirculated, if appropriate. This will

ensure that insoluable andsemisoluable contaminants areuniformly dispersed throughout thesystem. Samples taken frommachines that have been inactive forlong periods are not representative.

2. Oil samples should always be takenin the same manner and from thesame sampling point.

3. Do not sample a machineimmediately after an oil change orafter a large amount of make-up oilhas been added.

4. Use a clean dry container to drawthe oil sample. Ship samples in theplastic bottles provided in thepackage. Hydraulic fluids or other

oils submitted for a particle countanalysis should be submitted in thesuper clean bottles providedwhen special testing is requested.

Sample Gun MethodThe oil test package includes a

plastic sampling bottle used forcollecting and shipping samples. A

special inexpensive sampling gun is alsooffered as an option, together withconvenient lengths of plastic sampling

Oil Sampling Procedures

tubing. The plastic sampling bottle fits

directly into the sampling gun, and theoil sample can be drawn directly fromthe machine into the sampling bottle.The sampling gun allows the user todraw representative samples quicklyand with a minimum of effort.Procedures are as follows:

1. Measure a sufficient length of plasticsampling tubing to reach from the

sampling gun through the sampleaperture and into the machine sumpor reservoir. If the machine has adipstick, the tubing should bemeasured against the dipstick toestablish the proper sampling depth.

2. Loosen the nut on the sample gunhead, insert the free end of thesampling tubing through the nut(about 1/2 inch past nut) and tighten

the nut to compress the sealing ringto obtain a vacuum-tight seal. Screwa clean plastic sampling bottle into

the gun adaptor.3. Holding the sampling gun upright,

draw oil into the bottle using thepiston lever until oil is within 1/2 inch

of the top. To stop the oil flow,break the vacuum by partiallyunscrewing the bottle. Remove thebottle from the adaptor, screw thecap on tightly and wipe the bottleclean. Fill out the unit or machineidentification number on the bottlelabel.

4. Replace the plastic tubing after each

sampling to avoid sample cross-contamination.


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Sample Valve/Petcock

MethodCare should be taken to install thevalve on the lube system in a location

that will ensure representative oilsamples can be drawn. The exterior of

the valve should be wiped clean priorto sampling to ensure that no externalcontamination finds its way into the oil.Stagnant oil should be drained from

the valve by drawing a small oil sampleinto a waste oil container just prior tocollecting the oil sample in the plasticsampling bottle. Screw the bottle capon tightly and wipe the bottle clean. Fillout the unit or machine identificationnumber on the bottle label.

Oil Drain MethodClean the area around the drainplug thoroughly to avoid samplecontamination. Allow some of the oil

to drain into a waste oil containerprior to collecting the oil sample. Placea clean dry sample bottle into the oilstream and fill it to within 1/2 inch of the

top. Screw the cap on tightly and wipe

the bottle clean. Fill out the unit ormachine identification number on thelabel.

NOTE:When taking oil samplesfrom hydraulic systems for particlecount analysis, special care must be

taken to assure the samples arerepresentative and that they arecontamination free. Use the specialsuper clean bottles to sample oils forparticle count analysis.


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www.AnalysisPlus.net

866-341-4396

877-645-5221

866-652-2663

Lab One Inc

QUALITY

OIL

ANALYSIS

SINCE

1985

Premium Oil Analysis

Basic Oil Analysis


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