OH NO! Karl’s got the lamp shade on

his head again!

Changes in RUSSIAChanges in RUSSIA

Rumblings of Revolution• 1825 – Decembrist uprising

– Western oriented army officers– Put down by Nicholas I

• Results– Political repression– Censorship– Russia avoids the Revolution “fever”

• Crimean War – Russia loses signaling to Alexander II that society must change– Russia attacks Ottomans

• France and Britain join Ottomans– Displays Western industrial power

• A reforming Russia is a struggling Russia– As a result of serfs

Russian Reform Era• Education increases rapidly

– State sponsored

• Military modernizes– Adopts practices of other countries

• Women get an education (some) • Trans-Siberian Railroad

– Stimulates Russia coal and iron industries

• 1900 – 4th in world production of steel– 2nd in world in refinement of petroleum

• The Russian economy was now more competitive in the world market

Assassination!!

• As a result of the changes and turmoil, Alexander II is assassinated(bomb) in 1881.

• Industrialism continues but so does trouble

Factors of the 1905 Revolution

• Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

• Embraces Marxist philosophy

• Supported by Bolsheviks

• Working Class in Russia unhappy

• Defeat in the Russo-Japanese war– THE LAST STRAW!

Revolution of 1905

• People protesting about unfair Russian Policies

• Protesting Russo-Japanese War• Put down by the Czar (Nicholas II)• 3,228 disturbances required military

intervention• Land-holders suffered around 29 million

rubles worth of damage.

Outcome of the 1905 Revolution

• Granted basic civil rights• Allowed the formation of political parties• Move toward universal suffrage• Established the Duma as the central legislative body.• The Czar did not want to sign but realized he had no

choice– Claimed he felt 'sick with shame at this betrayal of the

dynasty‘

• Some people were happy while others were disgusted. Riots rose and were broken up quickly

Russian Revolutions

• The February Revolution of 1917• Displaced Czar Nicholas II of Russia

– He was the final czar

• Attempt to establish a liberal government – The Provisional Government (Feb – October)

• The October Revolution• Bolshevik party(Lenin led)

– Coup to overthrow the Provisional Government

• Revolution in the name of the Soviets– Soviets – workers council

• Most occurs in Moscow but also in rural areas– Peasants seized and redistributed land.

Russian Revolution

• Lenin (1917 – 1924)

• NEP – permits some economic freedoms– Improved food and peasant life

• USSR

• Lenin’s death = Power struggle

Japanese Imperialism

Tokugawa Japan

• independent country

• closed country

Gunboat Diplomacy - 1853

• Matthew Perry

• open trade ports

• strategic location

• no mistreatment of sailors

1854 Treaty of Kanagawa• turning point in Japanese history

• established treaty ports

• established consulates

• by 1860, rights extended to Britain, Russia, France and the Netherlands

Civil War• Shoguns, Samurai Shoguns, Samurai - keep old ways

• RoyalistsRoyalists - return emperor to power

Meiji Restoration• ““Enlightened Rule”Enlightened Rule”• 1868 - 19121868 - 1912• Shogunate out, emperor backShogunate out, emperor back• social, political, economic revolutionsocial, political, economic revolution• Transforms Japan into a world powerTransforms Japan into a world power• "National Wealth and Military Strength" "National Wealth and Military Strength" • Military reformed (samurai now taxed)Military reformed (samurai now taxed)

– Some “eliminated” and others enjoyed a new role in Some “eliminated” and others enjoyed a new role in lifelife

• They were, after all, better educated and qualifiedThey were, after all, better educated and qualified

Economic/Industrial Changes...• ““catch up with the west”catch up with the west”

• missions to find “the best”missions to find “the best”

• by 1900 - foundations in place for by 1900 - foundations in place for light industry, heavy industry and light industry, heavy industry and transportationtransportation

Social changes....• no social classes

• compulsory education

Political Changes...

• draft instituted

• centralized gov’t

• constitution

• Diet - legislative assembly

Japan became an imperialist power in the 1890’s as

industrialization created new needs:

• new food sources

• new markets

• new resources/raw materials

Sino-Japanese War1894 - 1895

• Korea claimed by China

• Japan wanted privileges

• escalation to war

• Japan defeated China

• 2nd SJ War 1937 - 45

Treaty of Shimonoseki

• China recognized Korean independence• Territories to Japan

– Formosa(Taiwan), Pescadores, Liaotung Peninsula

• Indemnity - $150 million to Japan

• Chinese Army lacked unity and modernity

Conflicts with the West

• Russia wanted Liaotung Peninsula for Trans-Siberian Railroad

• Joint request for Japanese withdrawal

• Result - Japan angry/determined to regain influence

Russo-Japanese War –1904 - 5

over rights to Liaotung Peninsulaover rights to Liaotung Peninsula

Russia backed by France, GermanyRussia backed by France, Germany

Japanese victoryJapanese victory

1st time that an Asian nation defeated a 1st time that an Asian nation defeated a European powerEuropean power

Established Japan as a power to be dealt Established Japan as a power to be dealt with in the Far Eastwith in the Far East