Offshore Oil Spill Contingency Planning

How to Ascertain capacity building for

Nation

Dr. J. S.

Corporate HSE

Offshore Oil Spill Contingency Planning –

How to Ascertain capacity building for

Nation

Dr. J. S. Sharma

Corporate HSE, ONGC

Presentation Coverage

Part I: Offshore Contingency Planning

Part II: Ascertain capacity building for

Part III: ONGC’s Oil Spill Response Capability

Presentation Coverage

Part I: Offshore Contingency Planning

Ascertain capacity building for Nation

Part III: ONGC’s Oil Spill Response Capability

Why Oil Spill

Oil Spill on sea do not respect national

boundaries -travel far to international destinations

Spill on sea reduces sunlight penetration to marine life and poses threat to

International requirements

through various

conventions / Treaties / IMO

Oil Spill Threat Perception around Indian Coastline

Consumption

183.5

MMT

36.90

MMT

231.9

MMT

14.48

7 Why Oil Spill Combatment is necessary

poses threat to their existence

Act as sink for

atmospheric CO2 fixation

Stipulations of Merchant Shipping Act , MoEFCC & provisions of NOSDCP.

Treaties / IMO7

MMT

Consumption

364

MMT

400

MMT

Spill on sea reduces sunlight penetration to marine life and poses threat to

Oil Spill Threat Perception around Indian Coastline

poses threat to their existence

atmospheric

Coastline of India 5500 km on the mainland &on its offshore islands

Coastal area is known for - Vast networkbackwaters Estuaries, Creeks, Lagoons ,and coral reefs.

The country is blessed with beaches & Recorded more than 5000 species of marine flora & fauna

12 major ports 200 minor/Interim/ Small Ports

350 to 400 MMT crude oil is transported along the

route through 2500-3000 tankers

Considering the large volume of oil transportation at

high rate – probability of tanker accident is very high

Shall consider prevailing risk

Size of spill

Rate of discharge of oil if spilled from well

Tanker size

Likely reason of collision and grounding weather conditions etc.

Necessity of oil cleaning

Contingency Planning & Response: Key Issues

Components of Contingency Plan

Strategy :Scope of the plan, including the

geographical coverage, perceived risks, division of responsibilities

Involved risk and likely extent of damage in event of the non

Local opinion on shore cleanup/wild life

Sensitive area mapping

Development of strategy (priority) for cleaning operations

Assessment of equipment requirement

This all need to be done before oil arrives

responsibilities

Operational : States procedures to be

followed in the event of oil spill.

Information Directory: All relevant maps and data sheets required

to assess the situation.

Rate of discharge of oil if spilled from well

Likely reason of collision and grounding weather conditions etc.

Contingency Planning & Response: Key Issues

Involved risk and likely extent of damage in event of the non-mobilization of the resources

Local opinion on shore cleanup/wild life

Development of strategy (priority) for cleaning operations

Assessment of equipment requirement

This all need to be done before oil arrives

Elements of Oil Spill Contingency Planning

Conting

OilAssessment

Containment &

Recovery

Proper Oil Spill Risk

Assessment is to be

carried out

Depends on sea conditions of the

spill. Operations are carried out

only when sea condition permits.

If conditions do not permit then

sensitive areas and other

resources be protected by

deploying the booms.

Selection of booms / skimmers /

storage tanks will depend upon

the demand of the occasion.Contingency

Plannin

Monitoring, Assessment

Evaluation

Surveillance & tracking of oil

at seabe done visually or remote

sensing.

Calculation of the slick area - by flying

lengthwise & widthwise

Determining the thickness of oil by

observing its color.

determine the volume assuming

circular or elliptical.

Contingency Planning

Conting

Spill Risk Assessment

Behavior / fate of oil

Proper Oil Spill Risk

Assessment is to be

carried out

Contingency

Planning

Environmental considerations

Monitoring, Assessment

and Evaluation Aerial survey, Oil spill

modeling is the most

common way of monitoring

the movement of oil spill.

Environmental considerations

during OSR combatment i.e.

impact of spills on water bird,

fishes, amenity etc.

Spill: Sources, Perceived risks, Direction & Movement

• Rupture due to accident• Corrosion failure• 30’’ Main oil Line / Flow line rupture or Leakage

Sub Sea Pipelines

• Breach in Tanker / Hull• Leakage / damage in SBM hoses, Riser Rupture

SBM & Tanker operations

• Blowout conditionDrilling of Wells

Spill Direction:

May To Sept ---to Shoreward--- (WC)

Oct To Jan ---To Shoreward--- (EC)

Jan To Oct ---Threat To Kakinada,Vishakha Area

Remaining Months---Away from shore (WC/EC)

• Sump Caisson Process Complex

Operation

• Terrorist attack

• Natural Calamity / Earthquake / Tsunami etc

Other sources

Spill: Sources, Perceived risks, Direction & Movement

Legend: (1)to (12) denote calendar months (Jan to Dec)

D No of days for spill to reach the coast

ONGC western

BG Exploration &

Production (western

Ascertaining the Prevailing Risk

123

MMTA

(350000

MTPD)

Production (western

Offshore by

Cairn Energy

Reliance Petroleum ,

Vadinar

HPCL Mangalore

KR, Kochi

Vadinar

� India has vast coastline:

� Arabian sea in west

� Bay of Bengal in the East

� Indian Ocean in the south

� Major Oil routes originate from the

Gulf countries across the Indian

Ocean:

� One to proceed to West

� Along the Bay of Bengal to

far East and Japan

� About 90% of the oil produced

passes from the above two routes.

Ascertaining the Prevailing Risk

27.4

MMTA

(80000

MTPD)

CPCL-CBR- Nagapatnam

CPCL Chennai

IOCL Tuticorin

IOCL-Haldia : Facility with

port,upgradation in process

IOCL-Portblair : Facility with

port

IOCL Paradip

HPCL, Vizag

Risk due to Tanker Movement Movement

Gulf of

Kuchh, SPMs

TankersBeaches of

Dwarka

shipping route

Sensitive Area visa

Beaches at

Juhu, Versova

Tanker traffic

Tourist Beaches

Marmagoa port

Sindhdurg

Fort ,

Shipping

Routr

Western Ghat,

Shipping

Route

Tourist Beaches

port

Backwaters,

Fishing, Kochi

port

Historical, Pilgrims,

Tanker route

Mahabalipuram

, shipping

route

Chhilka

Bhiltarkanika

Sensitive Area visa viz Level of Risk in

India

21 islands declared as

biosphere Reserve,

Tuticorin port

Tourist beaches,

Pulicate Lake,

Ennore port

Coring Mangroves,

Kakinada port

Vizag Beaches,

Vizag port

Chhilka lake &

Bhiltarkanika

Response Strategy & Recovery

Oil Properties

Density at 15ºC 0.8-0.85

Specific Gravity at 60ºC 0.8-0.85

API Gravity at 60ºF 33.76

Pour Point ºC 33

Kinematic Viscosity @ 40ºC 3.01-

Basic Sediments % vol 0.08

10

Sea Conditions Arabian Sea

Significant Wave Height

Sea surface current

Sea surface

Temperature

Wind speed

Bay of

Bengal

Significant Wave Height

Sea surface current

Sea surface

Temperature

Wind speed

Response Strategy & Recovery

ShortTerm/Immediate

If weather permits & sea is not rough,

During First 6 Hours all efforts shall be

made for mechanical recovery by

deploying booms around source of spill

for containment and subsequent recovery,

storage of recovered oil and further

disposal shall be part of this strategy.

If sea is rough then OSD may be used as

per Coast Guard’s approval.

0.85

0.85

33.76-43.63

-10.5

Term/Immediate

Long Term

Response equipment to be

deployed to deflect spill

from reaching towards Eco

sensitive areas.

Let the oil naturally degrade

if drifting is away from

shore.

Significant Wave Height 1.5-3.5 m

16-40 cm/s

27-29ºC

10-12.5 m/s

Significant Wave Height 0.4-1.5 m (3.3m

during

cyclones)

9.8-43.3 cm/s

26ºC-31ºC

6.8 m/s

Worst Case Scenarios & Estimated Risk at West Coast

Prevailing Scenario Hazard

Overflow or leakage from

Refineries at coast

Handling 123 MMT oil per annum

where largest refinery handles 60

MMT oil per annum

Tanker Loading Unloading Total number of tankers playing is

approx. 945 where one tanker

carries 0.13 MMT oil.

Subsea Pipeline rupture/

carrying crude from

offshore installations

42,000 cubic meter/ day crude oil

comes through pipelines at shore

at drilling rig during

E&P operations

Spillage of unburnt oil in case of

Hot Blowout

If cold, total oil be split11

Worst Case Scenarios & Estimated Risk at West Coast

Probability Likely Risk

Bare Minimum (Assuming 1%) 1643.83 MT at any

particular day

Chances of Oil Spill From Tanker is

minimal due to double hull design and

mostly tankers are new. Assuming

1/3rd oil of the total tanker capacity get

released if tanker is broken

1/3x0.13MMT =

43,000 MT at once.

Chances of leakage of fuel oil from the 1/3 x 9000 MT=3000 Chances of leakage of fuel oil from the

tanker during collision/ grounding.

Assuming 1/3rd of the total fuel

capacity released if tanker is broken

1/3 x 9000 MT=3000

MT

Released quantity will be equal to

difference of pipeline pressure and

hydrostatic pressure at that particular

depth. This will be minimal. Hence it

will vary with location.

3 MT (4 cubic meter)

Approx. 10000

the blowout is capped

in 5 days. (In the cold

blowout)

Prevailing Scenario Hazard Probability

Overflow or leakage

from Refineries at coast

Handling 27.4 MMT oil per

annum where largest

refinery handles 10.5 MMT

oil per annum

Bare

Tanker Loading

Unloading at coast

Total number of tankers

playing is approx. 110

where one tanker carries

0.13 MMT oil.

Chances

is minimal

design

new.

Worst Case Oil Spill Scenarios & Estimated Risk at East

Coast

0.13 MMT oil. new.

tanker

tanker

Chances

from

grounding

total

tanker

at drilling rig

during E&P operations

Spillage of unburnt oil in

case of Hot Blowout

If cold total oil be split12

Probability Likely Risk

Minimum (Assuming 1%) 287.67 MT at any

particular day

Chances of Oil Spill From Tanker

minimal due to double hull

design and mostly tankers are

Assuming 1/3rd oil of the

1/3x0.13MMT = 43,000

MT at once.

Worst Case Oil Spill Scenarios & Estimated Risk at East

Assuming 1/3rd oil of the

tanker capacity get released if

tanker is broken

Chances of leakage of fuel oil

the tanker during collision/

grounding. Assuming 1/3rd of the

fuel capacity released if

tanker is broken

1/3 x 9000 MT=3000 MT

Approx. 5000 MT if the

blowout is capped in 5

days. (In the cold

blowout)

How to Build Up Oil Spill Response Capacity

Tons or20000 TonsCapability –means it is onlySkimming

Oil Quality? Skimming

Capabilityalso dependsquality of

Dynamic Conditions Actual

ofdependsdischargedynamic

Issues for Considerations for determining indicative size of the OSR

Centre

13

SkimmingCapability. O

il Quality?

quality ofsplit oilbesideprevailingrecipientenvironmentconditions.

Dynamic Conditions

dynamicconditionmarinewhichfrom 10spiltedpatchestreatedOSD)toof namecapacityskimmer

How to Build Up Oil Spill Response Capacity

efficiencyskimmers

depends on itsdischarge rate indynamic

Capacity : 50% of

NP capacity X

6(working hrs. a

day) X 7 (for 7

USCG

method

skimmers)X

round the

Issues for Considerations for determining indicative size of the OSR

Ascertaining Capacity

Ascertaining Capacity

dynamiccondition i.e. on

watersmay vary

10% (if oil isin to

patches or withwith

max 50%name plate

capacity of theskimmer.

day) X 7 (for 7

days

operations)(also

Assumes that all

systems deployed

& operated

simultaneously)

round the

operations)X

7

operations)

Ascertaining Capacity

Ascertaining Capacity

Identifying Gaps in Ascertaining

Nation

Technology related issues for monitoring and combatment

Continuous interaction about understanding risk, equipment and

compatibility for effectiveness of Mutual aid & pooling of resources

Creation of Oil Spill Response Cooperative or OSRO

System of checking of effectiveness of Contingency Plan

14

System of checking of effectiveness of Contingency Plan

Mapping of oil spill risk

Sensitive area Mapping

Strong Legislation

National Policy on Spill Response

Creation of National Level Think Tank

Identifying Gaps in Ascertaining Capacity Building for

Technology related issues for monitoring

understanding risk, equipment and compatibility for effectiveness of Mutual

of Oil Spill Response

System of checking of effectiveness of

Mapping of Oil Spill Risk should

be based on:

�Sources & quality of oil/HNS

�Quantum threat

�Recipient Environmental

ConditionsSystem of checking of effectiveness of

National Policy on Spill Response

Creation of National Level Think Tank

�Sensitive area consideration

Notification

�National Equipment review

CP shall address issue of tackling

border spills (CBS)by MOU etc.

Impact of CBS on the state also

be addressed.

Gap in OSR Capacity as worked out

Estimated Risk = 10000 tons

West Coast Estimated Risk =

5000 tons

East Coast

15

Available OSR Facility with CG = 2000 tons

Likely Gap = 8000 tons

Available OSR Facility with CG = 2000 tons

Likely Gap = 3000 tons

Gap in OSR Capacity as worked out

Estimated Risk = 5000 tons

• In real life, spills do not always

fall into convenient categories

and the boundaries between

the three tiers will often

blurred.

• It is therefore important to

prepared to the next higherAvailable OSR Facility with CG =

Likely Gap = 3000

prepared to the next higher

even the highest tier

from the start - as it is

easier to scale down a

response which is already

place , then to call

unprepared reserves at

moment.

Proposed OSRO required to be developed

� West Coast - 10,000 tons Oil Handling

Capacity

� East Coast - 5,0000 tons Oil Handling

Capacity

16

Proposed OSRO required to be developed

10,000 tons Oil Handling

5,0000 tons Oil Handling

ONGC’s Offshore Operations (West)

NQO MNW SCA BHS ICP SH BPA BPB NLP HR D-1

Process complexes

Well head platforms

FPSO

Drilling rigs

OSV/PSV/MSV

Pipeline network

Uran Plant

17

P A

2.34 3.48 10.5 12.7 14.1 19.

2

49.2 52.3 77.9 79.5 61

NA 4.11 9.33 11.9 13.8 18 47.6 49.9 75.8 77.6 61

4.33 NA 8.27 9.93 10.8 15.

7

49.7 51.7 76.7 77.9 57.5

9.33 8.27 NA 9.12 6.53 8.7

1

72.8 44.4 68.7 69.7 52.8

11.9 9.93 3.12 NA 3.77 6.8

2

43.6 45 68.4 68.9 49.7

13.8 10.8 6.53 8.77 NA 8.3

7

46.8 47.9 70.4 70.6 47.1

18 16.7 8.71 6.82 8.17 NA 39.1 39.9 62.1 62.3 95

47.6 49.7 42.8 43.6 46.8 39.

1

NA 4.33 32.9 38.6 70.9

49.9 51.7 49.4 45 47.9 39.

9

4.33 NA 28.9 34.3 59

75.8 76.7 68.7 68.4 70.4 52. 32.9 28.9 NA 9.55 74

ONGC’s CapabilitiesONGC has Oil Spill Contingency Plan for West Coast & East Coast approved by Indian Coast Guard.

Oil Spill Response Equipments at West Coast are placed on board at 04 MSVs i.e. Hal Anant, Samudra Sevak , SeamecII, Malviya 36.

18

Oil Spill Response Equipment are also placed at Uran Plant for shore response.

Officers are trained in IMO Level I –Level II – 08, Level III – 17.

ONGC has Oil Spill Contingency Plan for West Coast & East Coast approved by

West Coast are placed on board at 04 MSVs

Seamec

are also Plant for shore response.

– 12,

Local Cooperation

Tier I Oil Spill Response Facility at JNPT under

Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources

19

Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources

Companies involved in MOU

ONGC

Reliance Industries Ltd, Cairn Energy,

Gujarat State Petronet Limited and

Hindustan Oil Exploration Company

Limited.

Tier I Oil Spill Response Facility at JNPT under MOU

Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of ResourcesMutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources

Date of MOU

Signed

Validity of MOU

Energy,

and

Company

16.08.2011 till 15.08.2016

ONGC has a membership of OSRL

response.

OSRL has elevated the ONGC membership

(annual subscription fee GBP 390,225

January 1st, 2015.

24 x 7 response. Nearest centre Singapore

International Cooperation:

20

24 x 7 response. Nearest centre Singapore

Access to supplementary services and

Free access to Duty Manager at any time

48-hour complimentary on-site Technical

situation assessment and formulating response

Coverage worldwide

Rental charges has to be paid for all the

actual for the materials.

OSRL since 29.11.1999 for Tier III level

membership fee from Band 6 to Band

225/- + Applicable Service tax) w.e

Singapore.

OSRL Capabilities

Singapore.

and regional response services

time

Technical Advisory service for assistance

response strategies

the equipment used and charges as per

Oil Containment Booms

21

Skimmers

22

Various OSR equipments

23

Oil Containment

Booms

Oil Skimmer System

Various OSR equipments

Dispersant System

Oil Skimmer System

Dispersant Spray System

24

OSD (Type II / III ) at Vessels

25

OSD (Type II / III ) at Vessels

OSR Equipment's Onboard FPSO (Floating production storage &

offloading) SN Description1

2

3

4

5

6

Oil containment booms

Oil recovery skimmer

Dispersant spray set

Back pack dispersant sprayer

Dispersant Chemicals

Oil Spill Kits

26

6a) Absorbent material (peat sorb)

b) Empty Drums

c) Plastic buckets

d) Shovels and or scoops

e) Protective Suits / Clothing

f) Protective Gloves

g) Protective Boots

h) Face mask

i) Eye Wash

j) Cotton Rags

OSR Equipment's Onboard FPSO (Floating production storage &

Description Quantity

Oil containment booms

Oil recovery skimmer

Dispersant spray set

Back pack dispersant sprayer

Dispersant Chemicals

Oil Spill Kits

300 m

1 x 40 m3/hr

1 x 15 m3/hr

2 nos

2 drums x 200L

10 pails x 20L

a) Absorbent material (peat sorb)

b) Empty Drums

c) Plastic buckets

d) Shovels and or scoops

e) Protective Suits / Clothing

f) Protective Gloves

g) Protective Boots

h) Face mask

) Eye Wash

j) Cotton Rags

50 bags (10L each)

4 x 200L

6 x 10L

4 nos.

3 pairs

6 pairs

6 pairs

6 nos.

2 nos.

4 x 12.5 kg

Shore Response Equipment’s at Uran Plant

27

Shore Response Equipment’s at Uran Plant

Conclusions

Creation of system for checking

Response Contingency Plan.

Creation of National level think tank

oil spill response at relevant issues

CP shall address issue of tackling

of CBS on the state also need toof CBS on the state also need to

Let us be prepared for the highest

in real life, spills may not always

very easy to scale down the response

which is already in place, then to

moment.

Sharing of responsibility in OSR

alone.28

checking of effectiveness of Oil Spill

tank of experts and stake holders

issues.

tackling cross border spills (CBS). Impact

be addressed.be addressed.

highest tier of spill right from beginning

fall into convenient categories. It

response capability from high to low

call up unprepared reserves at last

OSR is a necessity; No one can do

Way forward

29

Dependency on foreign service

provider cannot go a long way

for protection of Indian waters.

Collective efforts

may be required

to develop OSRO

at strategic

locations within

our country.our country.

service

way

.

Thankskind attentionThanks for your

attention

ONGC’s Offshore Operations (East Coast)

Well head

platform

Drilling rigs

AHTS (Anchor

Handling & Tug

Supply Vessel)

Pipeline network

31

East Coast)