Offshore CablingBremen – 26th March 2012

European Supergrid

Joe CorbettHead of Technical Services

Drivers for Change

Coal26%

Nu-clear25%

Gas24%

Hydro15%

Wind3%

Oil3%

Biomass2%

Waste1%

•GHG Reduction

•Energy Security

•Sustainability

•Economic Development

Europe Electricity Fuel Mix 2008Source: IEA

Debate ?

North America0%

S. & Cent. America1%

Azerbaijan1%

Kazakhstan2%

Russian Federation33%

Turkmenis

tan2%

Uzbekistan2%

Africa15%

Middle

East8%

Western Europe35%

•Remove Coal•Nuclear Debate•Increase Renewables•Secure Supplies•Invest in Transmission

Constraints•Regulation•Public Opposition

•Onshore Wind•Overhead Lines

Europe Gas Sources 2010Source: BP

Consensus

•Invest in Transmission•Renewable Generation

•Offshore Wind•Interconnection• Demand Side Management•Storage

•Vision

Climate Foundation

Roadmap – 60% RE

Vision Drives Plans. Not Vice Versa

Technology

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Vision and Enablers

● HVAC● Advantages● Reactive Power

● HVDC● LCC● VSC

● Cables● AC● DC

● Gas Insulated Line

● Storage6

Offshore wind

Solar

Hydro

Friends of the Supergrid

HV AC

● Advantages● Simple Energy Conversion● Transformer● Switching

● Reactive Power● Compensation● FACTS● Synchronous

Compensation

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UPFC Control

UPFC Shunt

Transformer

VSC including Converter reactor and DC capacitor

(schematic drawing)

UPFC Series Transformer Transmission

line /cable

Bypass Circuit Breaker

HVDC

● LCC● Current Source● Thyristor Based● High Power

● 800kV / 7,200 MW● Strong Systems

● Commutation● Reactive Power

● VSC● Voltage Source● IGBT Based● Black Start● 4 Quadrant● Multi-Terminal

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Cables

● AC Application● SCFF - 500kV / 1,200 MW● XLPE - 500kV / 1,000 MW

● DC Application● Mass-Impregnated (MI)

● 500kV / 1,600 MW Installed● 600kV / 2,200 MW Awarded

● Extruded (XLPE)● 200kV / 400 MW Installed● 320kV / 900 MW Awarded

● SCFF● AC/DC● Short Lengths

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GIL/Storage

● Gas Insulated Lines● AC up to 550kV● DC ?

● Storage● Inertia

● Small Scale at Converter Level

● System Reserves● Medium Scale

● Flywheels/Batteries● Large Scale

● Hydro10

Components

● Key Components● SuperNode● HVDC Interconnectors● Multi-Terminal HVDC

● Key Enablers● VSC Converters● 320 kV XLPE Cables● 600kV MI cables

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Developing SupergridA Technical Road Map in Three Phases (Friends of the Supergrid – Technical Working Group)

● Renewable energy starts replacing older coal fired power plants and nuclear (e.g. Germany)

● Large scale wind parks become connected (500...1,000 MW)near shore using AC; far shore using DC

● The existing transmission system reaches its limits, planning is underway for system strengthening and expansion

Studies (examples): Offshore Grid, Climate Foundation 2050 Road Map, North Seas Countries Offshore Grid, 2050 Electricity Highways

Today – 2015 (Supergrid Preparation Phase)

● Further development of far shore bulk power wind parks (some 1,000 MW)

● Phasing out of coal fired and nuclear power plants continuous

● Balancing generation and load calls for stronger system integration on a European level

● To achieve the required flexibility of power flows and facilitate power trading, offshore wind parks are connected to one another and tapped into cross country links

● A common European Grid Code is developed providing a basis for pan-continental system planning

2015 – 2020 (Supergrid Phase 1)

● The system integration process is continued leading to a European wide overlay grid.

● The overlay grid, mainly based on DC, is built to interconnect wind parks and pumped hydro storages in the North as well as large scale solar power plants in the South with the European load centres.

● Trans-continental power transmission is planned to connect to the solar power plants in the African desserts or to Eastern Europe and even Asia.

After 2020 (Supergrid Phase 2)

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Supergrid Technology Development(Friends of the Supergrid – Technical Working Group)

● Increased power ratings for VSC (1,000 MW at 320 kV DC)

● Demonstrators for DC side fault clearing (e.g. DC Circuit Breakers)

● DC 320 kV cables with extruded insulation in operation at different onshore and offshore projects (500 MW per cable)

● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV developed

● MI-PPL 600kV (1.1GW per cable) developed and higher voltages in development

● MI >500 kV cable developed

● AC GIL in operation

● Standardization work for HVDC grids in CIGRÈ, CENELEC started

Today – 2015 (Supergrid Preparation Phase)

2015 – 2020 (Supergrid Phase 1)

After 2020 (Supergrid Phase 2)

● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV in operation

● MI-PPL 600kV cable in operation

● MI >500kV in operation

● Development of new extruded insulation compounds for HVDC cables

● System for fast selective fault detection in HVDC networks

● DC side selective fault clearing and system reconfiguration

● Hierarchical control architecture for integrated AC and DC Grid in Europe

● Demonstrators for DC/DC Converter

● Further Development of MI and MI-PPL Cables

● HVDC cables with new extruded insulation compounds in operation

● Superconducting cables

● DC GIL

● DC/DC converter

Cost - Phase 1

● Offshore Wind

● 25-30 GW 2020 in the North Sea (UK, Germany, Belgium)

● UK Network Congested

● North Germany – High Wind Penetration

● Hydro balance capability

Financial Model for Phase 1

● Transmission Use Of System (TUOS) charge calculated for various cases

● Debt/Equity ratio of 85/15

● O & M

● Losses (assumed to be 20%)

● Blended IRR of 17%

● Assumed Phase 1 construction time of 10 years and lifetime of 40 years

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

Case 6

Case 7

Case 8

Case 9

Base Case

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Grid Usage (%) Wind Curtailed (%)Percentage (%)

Grid Use vs. Curtailment

Grid Size Increasing

44% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Base Case TUOSCase 9 TUOS

Grid Usage, TUOS Charge

TUOS (€/MWh)

Case 9 Energy Yield Increasing (%)

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Pre-requisites for Supergrid(Friends of the Supergrid – Technical Working Group)

FACTS

LCC for bulk power transmission

VSC for Multiterminal systems

Supernode for integratingseparate HVDC links

Technical

international harmonization of grid codes and transmission investments

international harmonized regulatory procedures

methods to share cross-border renewable subsidiary schemes

multivendor and multi-stakeholder revenue models

Non - Technical

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Cable Supply Chain

● Onshore● 27,000 km

● Offshore● 10,000 km

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Offshore wind

Solar

Hydro

Friends of the Supergrid

Thank You

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Phase 0 – 2015-2020

Phase 1 – 2020+

Friends of the Supergrid